Here a selection of the results is given, focusing on the conditions at the glacier surface and on the phenomenology of the glacier microclimate.
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| A 11-year record of measurements from the sonic ranger on the glacier snout, revealing snow depth and ice melt. |
Ablation and snow accumulation measured with a sonic ranger at three sites. |
Summer snowfall has a significant effect on the mass balance. The strongest recorded event of this kind was on 10/11 July 2000.
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In winter, when the snowpack has reached an appreciable depth, thermistors are placed to measure snow temperature. |
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An example of the relation between snow depth and daily albedo. A typical value for the snow albedo is 0.75, for the ice albedo 0.35.
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Scatter plot of 30-min values of incoming and outgoing solar radiation (one year). |
Close-up of measurements for a few days, illustrating the difference between cloudy and clear days.
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Daily mean values of solar radiation and temperature for the Year 2000. |
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| Glacier wind dominates the wind climatology. The wind blows down-glacier during 90% of the time, in summer and winter. |
On clear days there is a pronounced daily cycle in the strength of the glacier wind, peaking in the afternoon. |
A comparison of measurements on the glacier with those at the Swiss Meteo stations of Samedan (1704 m) and Corvatsch (3297 m).
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An evaluation of the components of the surface energy budget for the year 2000. |
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| Matching the observed and calculated ablation curve by adjusting the turbulent exchange coefficient. |
In summary, it is a complicated business, and we need some modelling work to tie it all together. |