Author name code: reeves ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14 author:"Reeves, Katherine K." ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Title: Multiwavelength Observations by XSM, Hinode, and SDO of an Active Region. Chemical Abundances and Temperatures Authors: Del Zanna, G.; Mondal, B.; Rao, Y. K.; Mithun, N. P. S.; Vadawale, S. V.; Reeves, K. K.; Mason, H. E.; Sarkar, A.; Janardhan, P.; Bhardwaj, A. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...934..159D Altcode: 2022ApJ...934..159Z; 2022arXiv220706879D We have reviewed the first year of observations of the Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM) on board Chandrayaan-2 and the available multiwavelength observations to complement the XSM data, focusing on the Solar Dynamics Observatory AIA and Hinode XRT and EIS observations. XSM has provided disk-integrated solar spectra in the 1-15 keV energy range, observing a large number of microflares. We present an analysis of multiwavelength observations of AR 12759 during its disk crossing. We use a new radiometric calibration of EIS to find that the quiescent active region (AR) core emission during its disk crossing has a distribution of temperatures and chemical abundances that does not change significantly over time. An analysis of the XSM spectra confirms the EIS results and shows that the low first ionization potential (FIP) elements are enhanced compared to their photospheric values. The frequent microflares produced by the AR did not affect the abundances of the quiescent AR core. We also present an analysis of one of the flares it produced, SOL2020-04-09T09:32. The XSM analysis indicates isothermal temperatures reaching 6 MK. The lack of very high-T emission is confirmed by AIA. We find excellent agreement between the observed XSM spectrum and the one predicted using an AIA DEM analysis. In contrast, the XRT Al-poly/Be-thin filter ratio gives lower temperatures for the quiescent and flaring phases. We show that this is due to the sensitivity of this ratio to low temperatures, as the XRT filter ratios predicted with a DEM analysis based on EIS and AIA give values in good agreement with the observed ones. Title: Realizing Comprehensive 3D Observations to Probe Magnetic Energy Storage and Release in the Corona Authors: Caspi, A.; Seaton, D. B.; Casini, R.; Downs, C.; Gibson, S.; Gilbert, H.; Glesener, L.; Guidoni, S.; Hughes, J. M.; McKenzie, D.; Reeves, K.; Saint-Hilaire, P.; Shih, A. Y.; West, M. Bibcode: 2022heli.conf.4058C Altcode: Understanding impulsive energy release in the solar corona requires knowledge of the 3D coronal magnetic field and 3D signatures of energy release through systematic multi-viewpoint observations, in many wavelengths, including coronal magnetometry. Title: Real-Time Solar Flare Predictions for Improved Flare Observations Authors: Vievering, J. T.; Athiray, P. S.; Buitrago-Casas, J. C.; Chamberlin, P.; Glesener, L.; Golub, L.; Knoer, V.; Krucker, S.; Machol, J.; Pantazides, A.; Peck, C.; Reeves, K.; Savage, S.; Schmit, D.; Smith, B.; Vigil, G.; Winebarger, A. Bibcode: 2022heli.conf.4038V Altcode: Improving near-term flare forecasts is important for observatories targeting flare physics that are restricted in FOV and/or observing time. We propose a tool that aggregates near-real-time signatures of flare onset to provide early flare predictions. Title: A Strategy for a Coherent and Comprehensive Basis for Understanding the Middle Corona Authors: West, M. J.; Seaton, D. B.; Alzate, N.; Caspi, A.; DeForest, C. E.; Gilly, C. R.; Golub, L.; Higginson, A. K.; Kooi, J. E.; Mason, J. P.; Rachmeler, L. A.; Reeves, K. K.; Reardon, K.; Rivera, Y. J.; Savage, S.; Viall, N. M.; Wexler, D. B. Bibcode: 2022heli.conf.4060W Altcode: We describe a strategy for coherent and comprehensive observations needed to achieve a fundamental understanding of the middle solar corona. Title: New Approaches to Integrated Mission, Data, and Modeling Frameworks Authors: Seaton, D. B.; Caspi, A.; Casini, R.; Downs, C.; Gibson, S.; Gilbert, H.; Glesener, L.; Guidoni, S.; Hughes, J. M.; McKenzie, D.; Reeves, K.; Saint-Hilaire, P.; Shih, A.; West, M. Bibcode: 2022heli.conf.4057S Altcode: A new generation of heliophysics missions will require integration of data from multiple missions with analysis tools and physics-based models. We discuss strategies to develop a framework for systems-integrated data and analysis environments. Title: Statistical Study On Kinetic Features Of Supra-arcade Downflows Authors: Xie, X.; Reeves, K. K.; Shen, C. Bibcode: 2021AAS...23812701X Altcode: We have developed a tracking algorithm to determine the speeds of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) and set up a system to automatically track the SADs and measure some interesting parameters. By conducting an analysis on 6 flares observed by the SDO/AIA, we detected more smaller and slower SADs than prior work due to the higher spatial resolution of our observational data. The inclusion of these events with smaller and slower SADs directly results in lower medians of velocity and widths than in prior work, but the probability distributions and evolution of the parameters still show good consistency with prior work. The distributions of widths, speeds, lifetimes, and numbers of the SADs in each frame show log-normal distributions, which reveal unstable processes during solar eruptions. Also, the number of the SADs in each frame vs. time shows a rest phase of SADs, when few SADs are seen. This observation might be supportive evidence for the model that SADs originate from a plasma instability. We tentatively think that the number of SADs vs. time might related to the rate of magnetic reconnection. In addition, we discussed the possible correlations between the parameters and compared our results with a numerical simulation. It turns out the model proposed by the numerical simulation can explain our results pretty well to some extent. Title: Plasma heating induced by tadpole-like downflows in the flaring solar corona Authors: Samanta, T.; Tian, H.; Chen, B.; Reeves, K. K.; Cheung, M. C. M.; Vourlidas, A.; Banerjee, D. Bibcode: 2021Innov...200083S Altcode: 2021arXiv210314257S As one of the most spectacular energy release events in the solar system, solar flares are generally powered by magnetic reconnection in the solar corona. As a result of the re-arrangement of magnetic field topology after the reconnection process, a series of new loop-like magnetic structures are often formed and are known as flare loops. A hot diffuse region, consisting of around 5-10 MK plasma, is also observed above the loops and is called a supra-arcade fan. Often, dark, tadpole-like structures are seen to descend through the bright supra-arcade fans. It remains unclear what role these so-called supra-arcade downflows (SADs) play in heating the flaring coronal plasma. Here we show a unique flare observation, where many SADs collide with the flare loops and strongly heat the loops to a temperature of 10-20 MK. Several of these interactions generate clear signatures of quasi-periodic enhancement in the full-Sun-integrated soft X-ray emission, providing an alternative interpretation for quasi-periodic pulsations that are commonly observed during solar and stellar flares. Title: The First Solar Flare Sounding Rocket Campaign and Its Potential Impacts for High Energy Solar Instrumentation Authors: Savage, S. L.; Winebarger, A. R.; Glesener, L.; Reeves, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Golub, L. Bibcode: 2020AGUFMSH056..02S Altcode: Solar flares are an essential driver of space weather as they account for the rapid release of powerful amounts of energy (~1032 ergs) in a matter of seconds to hours. Observations from the past several decades have yielded a wealth of understanding of these events while at the same time presenting countless new questions. Key gaps in our knowledge remain that cannot be satisfactorily answered with available instrumentation, and we are now at the precipice of the value of incremental improvements in technology versus the need for design breakthroughs. The latter requires exceptional testing in order to justify vast investments within Explorer-class mission programs. High energy instrumentation often invokes the additional requirement of testing above the absorption layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The NASA sounding rocket program has been an invaluable pathway for developing such cutting-edge technologies. However, these suborbital missions have been severely limited for the development of flare-specific instrumentation due to the current inability to remain in a holding pattern until a flare occurs at the White Sands Missile Range (~1 hour) compounded by the short duration of a flight (~5 minutes of science observations) in which it is nearly impossible to capture a flare per chance. In response to this deficiency, a pilot solar flare campaign has been established to test the ability to launch at least two sounding rockets with instrumentation optimized to observe flares from the Poker Flats Research Range in Alaska, taking advantage of the site's ability to accommodate a long holding pattern (~4 hours per day for several weeks). This capability has been utilized extensively by the geospace communities. We will present the first two payloads selected specifically for this solar pilot program, Hi-C FLARE and FOXSI 4, and discuss how this new technology development paradigm could enable the next wave of exploratory flare missions. Title: Nonequilibrium properties in the plasma sheet observed on 2017 September 10 Authors: Lee, J. Y.; Raymond, J.; Reeves, K.; Shen, C.; Ko, Y. K.; Kahler, S. W.; Moon, Y. J.; Kim, Y. H. Bibcode: 2020AGUFMSH0290013L Altcode: We investigate the nonequilibrium properties of both a non-Maxwellian electron distribution and nonequilibrium ionization in the plasma sheet observed on 2017 September 10. We apply a Kappa (κ) electron velocity distribution (non-Maxwellian), which represents supra-thermal populations, to find the temperature and density of the plasma sheet. We also apply a nonequilibrium ionization model, which assumes that the plasma is initially in ionization equilibrium at low temperature and heated rapidly by a shock or magnetic reconnection. We search for the best parameters, i.e. Kappa, temperature, characteristic timescale (density×time) that explain the observations by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory and the X-ray Telescope and EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board Hinode. The plasma sheet has been widely studied in detail by many researchers with various observations under the assumption of a Maxwellian electron velocity distribution and equilibrium ionization. We discuss the nonequilibrium effects comparing the results with the previous studies assuming equilibrium ionization. We also compare the supra-thermal populations in the low corona with those in the interplanetary coronal mass ejection revealed by in-situ observations. Title: Updates on the Fundamentals of Impulsive Energy Release in the Corona Explorer (FIERCE) mission concept Authors: Shih, A. Y.; Glesener, L.; Krucker, S.; Guidoni, S. E.; Christe, S.; Reeves, K.; Gburek, S.; Caspi, A.; Alaoui, M.; Allred, J. C.; Battaglia, M.; Baumgartner, W.; Dennis, B. R.; Drake, J. F.; Goetz, K.; Golub, L.; Hannah, I. G.; Hayes, L.; Holman, G.; Inglis, A.; Ireland, J.; Kerr, G. S.; Klimchuk, J. A.; McKenzie, D. E.; Moore, C. S.; Musset, S.; Reep, J. W.; Ryan, D.; Saint-Hilaire, P.; Savage, S. L.; Schwartz, R.; Seaton, D. B.; Steslicki, M.; Woods, T. N. Bibcode: 2020AGUFMSH0480012S Altcode: The Fundamentals of Impulsive Energy Release in the Corona Explorer ( FIERCE ) Medium-Class Explorer (MIDEX) mission concept addresses the following science questions:
What are the physical origins of space-weather events? How are particles accelerated at the Sun? How is impulsively released energy transported throughout the solar atmosphere? How is the solar corona heated? FIERCE achieves its science objectives through co-optimized X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations by the following instruments: FOXSI, a focusing hard X-ray spectroscopic imager that is able to capture the full range of emission in flares and CMEs (e.g., faint coronal sources near bright chromospheric sources) THADIS, a high-resolution, fast-cadence EUV imager that will not saturate for even intense flares to follow dynamic changes in the configuration of plasma structures STC, a soft X-ray spectrometer that provides detailed thermal and elemental composition diagnostics If selected, FIERCE will launch in 2025, near the peak of the next solar cycle, which is also well timed with perihelia of Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter . We describe the status and latest updates of the mission concept since it was proposed to NASA last year. We also highlight the anticipated science return from co-observations with other observatories/instruments such as the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) or the STIX instrument on Solar Orbiter . Title: The Above-the-looptop Source of the 2017 September 10 Solar Flare: Energetic Electron Distribution over a Broad Energy Range Authors: Chen, B.; Battaglia, M.; Krucker, S.; Reeves, K.; Glesener, L. Bibcode: 2020AGUFMSH0430001C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Space Weather, Extreme Ultraviolet Instruments and the Multithermal Corona Authors: Golub, L.; DeLuca, E.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2020AGUFMSH0300004G Altcode: Observation of the solar corona from Earth orbit or from other locations such as L1 or L5 using suitably-chosen Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) wavelengths offers the possibility of addressing two major goals that will improve our ability to forecast and predict geoeffective space weather events: 1.) improve our understanding of the coronal conditions that control the opening and closing of the corona to the heliosphere and consequent solar wind streams, and 2.) improve our understanding of the physical processes that control the early evolution of CMEs and the formation of shocks from the solar surface out to beyond the nominal source surface. The time-varying solar corona is structured not only in space and in time but also in temperature. A method for efficiently observing multiple wavelengths, thereby recording emission lines formed at different temperatures, simultaneously is therefore desirable. These observations are especially necessary for CME detection, as the departing magnetized plasma shows markedly different structures at different temperatures and even the detectability of the event varies dramatically at different EUV wavelengths. EUV measurements can help to: i.) determine coronal structuring from its roots out to beyond 2.5 R_s; ii.) measure the changes in coronal connectivity; iii.) distinguish between and test solar wind models; iv.) establish the impact of pre-existing coronal structures on CME evolution; v.) confront theories of SEP acceleration and preconditioning; and vi.) establish the extent of energy release behind CMEs. Title: Flare model successes and shortcomings: an observational overview Authors: Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2020AGUFMSH057..01R Altcode: A wide variety of modeling techniques have been used simulate solar eruptions as a means of relating the observational signatures of solar flares to the underlying physics. In this talk, I will focus on various kinds of magnetohydrodynamic models, discuss the observations that they have successfully explained, and propose areas where they fall short. For example, one-dimensional loop models have been successfully employed to probe the physics of chromospheric evaporation, and have been able to explain some spectroscopic signatures of flare ribbons and reproduce bulk observations of flares such as emission light curves. Two dimensional MHD models are able to reproduce magnetic field observations (from microwaves) and the thermodynamics and dynamics in the reconnection current sheet region. Three dimensional MHD models, while computationally expensive, can reproduce complicated eruption dynamics. However, purely MHD models are not able to simulate the accelerated particles in a flare, which constitute an important part of the energy transfer that leads to EUV and X-ray emissions. Title: Untangling the global coronal magnetic field with multiwavelength observations Authors: Gibson, S. E.; Malanushenko, A.; de Toma, G.; Tomczyk, S.; Reeves, K.; Tian, H.; Yang, Z.; Chen, B.; Fleishman, G.; Gary, D.; Nita, G.; Pillet, V. M.; White, S.; Bąk-Stęślicka, U.; Dalmasse, K.; Kucera, T.; Rachmeler, L. A.; Raouafi, N. E.; Zhao, J. Bibcode: 2020arXiv201209992G Altcode: Magnetism defines the complex and dynamic solar corona. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are thought to be caused by stresses, twists, and tangles in coronal magnetic fields that build up energy and ultimately erupt, hurling plasma into interplanetary space. Even the ever-present solar wind possesses a three-dimensional morphology shaped by the global coronal magnetic field, forming geoeffective corotating interaction regions. CME evolution and the structure of the solar wind depend intimately on the coronal magnetic field, so comprehensive observations of the global magnetothermal atmosphere are crucial both for scientific progress and space weather predictions. Although some advances have been made in measuring coronal magnetic fields locally, synoptic measurements of the global coronal magnetic field are not yet available. We conclude that a key goal for 2050 should be comprehensive, ongoing 3D synoptic maps of the global coronal magnetic field. This will require the construction of new telescopes, ground and space-based, to obtain complementary, multiwavelength observations sensitive to the coronal magnetic field. It will also require development of inversion frameworks capable of incorporating multi-wavelength data, and forward analysis tools and simulation testbeds to prioritize and establish observational requirements on the proposed telescopes. Title: Supra-arcade Downflow Features Based on Flow Calculation Authors: Xie, X.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2020SPD....5121115X Altcode: We have developed a tracking algorithm to determine the speeds of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) based on the Farneback optical flow method. We show that the algorithm is effective by implementing it in several flares. The calculated heating terms related to velocity (adiabatic compression, viscous heating) showed consistency with previous works. In addition, the flow calculation helps us semi-automatically detect the sizes of SADs. In the one flare we have analyzed so far, the derived size results showed a SAD size distribution with small sizes that are unrevealed in previous works, thanks to the high spatial resolution of SDO/AIA. We are going to conduct an analysis on a large sample of flares observed by SDO/AIA and compare it with previous statistical works done in the era without SDO/AIA. Title: Magnetic Reconnection in a Solar Flare: Bi-Directional Outflows vs. Microwave and X-ray Bursts Authors: Yu, S.; Chen, B.; Reeves, K.; Gary, D.; Fleishman, G. Bibcode: 2020SPD....5121103Y Altcode: Magnetic reconnection is fundamental for the astrophysical and laboratory plasma. Its role is crucial in powering solar flares, production of energetic particles, and plasma heating. However, where the magnetic reconnections occur, how and where the released magnetic energy is transported, and how it is converted to other forms remain unclear. Here we report recurring bi-directional plasma outflows located within a large-scale plasma sheet observed in extreme ultraviolet and white light during the post-impulsive gradual phase of the X8.2 solar flare on 2017 September 10. Each pair of the bi-directional outflows originates in the plasma sheet from a discrete site, identified as the magnetic reconnection site. These reconnection sites reside at very low altitudes (< 180 Mm, or 0.26 solar radii) above the top of the flare arcade, which is only 4% of the total length of the plasma sheet that extends to at least 10 solar radii. Each arrival of sunward outflows at the looptop region appears to coincide with an impulsive microwave and X-ray burst dominated by a superhot source (10-20 MK) at the looptop, which is immediately followed by a nonthermal microwave burst located in the loop-leg region. We propose that the reconnection outflows transport the magnetic energy released at localized magnetic reconnection sites outward in the form of kinetic energy flux and/or electromagnetic Poynting flux. The sunward-directing energy flux induces particle acceleration and plasma heating in the post-flare arcades observed as the superhot and nonthermal flare emissions. Title: Magnetic Reconnection During the Post-Impulsive Phase of a Long-Duration Solar Flare: Bi-Directional Outflows vs. Microwave and X-ray Bursts Authors: Yu, S.; Chen, B.; Reeves, K.; Gary, D.; Musset, S.; Fleishman, G.; Nita, G.; Glesener, L. Bibcode: 2020AAS...23611203Y Altcode: Magnetic reconnection is fundamental for the astrophysical and laboratory plasma. Its role is crucial in powering solar flares, production of energetic particles, and plasma heating. However, where the magnetic reconnections occur, how and where the released magnetic energy is transported, and how it is converted to other forms remain unclear. Here we report recurring bi-directional plasma outflows located within a large-scale plasma sheet observed in extreme ultraviolet and white light during the post-impulsive gradual phase of the X8.2 solar flare on 2017 September 10. Each pair of the bi-directional outflows originates in the plasma sheet from a discrete site, identified as the magnetic reconnection site. These reconnection sites reside at very low altitudes (< 180 Mm, or 0.26 Rsun) above the top of the flare arcade, which is only 4% of the total length of the plasma sheet that extends to at least 10 Rsun. Each arrival of sunward outflows at the looptop region appears to coincide with an impulsive microwave and X-ray burst dominated by a superhot source (10-20 MK) at the looptop, which is immediately followed by a nonthermal microwave burst located in the loop-leg region. We propose that the reconnection outflows transport the magnetic energy released at localized magnetic reconnection sites outward in the form of kinetic energy flux and/or electromagnetic Poynting flux. The sunward-directing energy flux induces particle acceleration and plasma heating in the post-flare arcades observed as the superhot and nonthermal flare emissions. Title: Measurement of magnetic field and relativistic electrons along a solar flare current sheet Authors: Chen, B.; Shen, C.; Gary, D.; Reeves, K.; Fleishman, G.; Yu, S.; Guo, F.; Krucker, S.; Lin, J.; Nita, G.; Kong, X. Bibcode: 2020AAS...23611202C Altcode: In the standard model of solar flares, a large-scale reconnection current sheet is postulated as the central engine for powering the flare energy release and accelerating particles. However, where and how the energy release and particle acceleration occur remain unclear due to the lack of measurements for the magnetic properties of the current sheet. Here we report the first measurement of spatially-resolved magnetic field and flare-accelerated relativistic electrons along a current-sheet feature in a solar flare. The measured magnetic field profile shows a local maximum where the reconnecting field lines of opposite polarities closely approach each other, known as the reconnection X point. The measurements also reveal a local minimum near the bottom of the current sheet above the flare loop-top, referred to as a "magnetic bottle". This spatial structure agrees with theoretical predictions and numerical modeling results. A strong reconnection electric field of ~4000 V/m is inferred near the X point. This location, however, shows a local depletion of microwave-emitting relativistic electrons. In contrast, these electrons concentrate at or near the magnetic bottle structure, where more than 99% of them reside at each instant. Our observations suggest crucial new input to the current picture of high energy electron acceleration. Title: Calculating the Emission Measure and Average Emission Weighted Temperature of Supra-Arcade Downflows Authors: Kittrell, D.; Li, Z.; Weber, M.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2020AAS...23521005K Altcode: We examine the thermal state of plasma associated with a solar flare that occurred July 7, 2012. In the plasma sheet located within the region above the flare, supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are observed using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The sunward traveling downflows give insight on the local heating mechanics of coronal plasma during the post-eruption period of the flare. We perform calculations of the differential emission measure (DEM) from the AIA data in order to determine the total emission measure and the average weighted temperature. Emission within the SADs are relatively low, and the temperature is much cooler compared to the surrounding plasma. Coupling the DEMs with the velocities within the plasma sheet, we can analyze potential heating terms that model dominant thermal processes in the supra-arcade region. This work supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313, the NSF SHINE program, grant #AGS-1723425, and NASA grant #80NSSC18K0732. Title: Solar Soft X-ray Variations from the 2008-2019 Solar Cycle inferred from CORONAS/SphinX, GOES/XRS, Hinode/XRT, MinXSS, NuSTAR, and RHESSI Instruments Authors: Moore, C.; Takeda, A.; Sylwester, B.; Sylwester, J.; Hannah, I.; Dennis, B.; Reeves, K.; Woods, T. Bibcode: 2020AAS...23535901M Altcode: The Solar spectral irradiance (SSI) is vital for understanding the physics of all layers of the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to the corona. While most of the contribution to the Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) reside in visible and infrared light, the UV and X-rays have the largest change in magnitude. Quantifying the UV and X-ray variations over the solar cycle is critical for constraining the physics of solar flares, active regions, the quiet Sun, as well as the atmospheres of planets and moons in the heliosphere. The GOES/XRS spectrally integrated 0.1 - 0.8 nm energy flux has been a longstanding diagnostic of soft x-ray variations, but is limited by non-linearities in signal response for low solar flux levels and an observed minimum detection limit. The Hinode/XRT filter images provide a unique alternative proxy for solar soft X-ray flux inferences with larger dynamic range and a lower flux sensitivity. We compare the spectral irradiance estimate from a Hinode/XRT filter-ratio technique results to the lowest spectra measured-to-date between 1.25 - 3 keV by CORONAS/SPhinX in 2009, and MinXSS CubeSat spectra in 2016 - 2019. We also highlight the large variability in the soft X-ray spectra as directly measured by CORONAS/SphinX, MinXSS, NuSTAR, and RHESSI intermittently between 2009 - 2019. Title: SmallSat Solar Axion and Activity X-ray Imager (SSAXI) Authors: Hong, J.; Romaine, S.; Kenter, A.; Moore, C.; Reeves, K.; Ramsey, B.; Kilaru, K.; Vogel, J.; Ruz Armendariz, J.; Hudson, H.; Perez, K. Bibcode: 2020AAS...23527101H Altcode: The axion is a promising dark matter candidate as well as a solution to the strong charge-parity (CP) problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). We describe a new concept for SmallSat Solar Axion and Activity X-ray Telescope (SSAXI) to search for solar axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) and to monitor solar activity over a wide dynamic range. SSAXI aims to unambiguously identify X-rays converted from axions in the solar magnetic field along the line of sight to the solar core, effectively imaging the solar core. SSAXI employs Miniature lightweight Wolter-I focusing X-ray optics (MiXO) and monolithic CMOS X-ray sensors in a compact package. The wide energy range (0.5 - 5 keV) of SSAXI can easily distinguish spectra of axion-converted X-rays from solar X-ray spectra, while encompassing the prime energy band (3 - 4.5 keV) of axion-converted X-rays. The high angular resolution (30 arcsec) and large field of view (40 arcmin) in SSAXI will easily resolve the enhanced X-ray flux over the 3 arcmin wide solar core while fully covering the X-ray activity over the entire solar disc. The fast readout in the inherently radiation tolerant CMOS X-ray sensors enables high resolution spectroscopy over a wide dynamic range with a broad range of operational temperatures. We present multiple mission implementation options for SSAXI under ESPA class. SSAXI will operate in a Sun-synchronous orbit for 1 yr preferably near a solar minimum to accumulate sufficient X-ray photon statistics. Title: Evidence for Multiple Acceleration Mechanisms in Coronal Jets Authors: Farid, S. I.; Reeves, K.; Savcheva, A.; Rodríguez, N.; Wainwright, W. Bibcode: 2020AAS...23535902F Altcode: Solar coronal jets are small scale, energetic eruptions, characterized by a column-like spire and bright dome-shaped base. Jets are often associated with notable changes in the underlying photospheric magnetic field, and have been found to initiate when opposite polarity magnetic flux elements emerge, cancel, flyby, or otherwise interact. Because of their association with transient photospheric flux elements, jets are thought to be primarily driven by magnetic reconnection, however models describing the relationship between initiation and plasma properties during eruption are not well understood, and are often contradictory. This is further complicated by observations show that jets with similar initiation mechanisms can exhibit a wide range of plasma parameters with different topological features, while embedded in different coronal environments. Recent 3D models show that in addition to magnetic tension and energy released during reconnection, jets may also be accelerated via chromospheric evaporation, the untwisting motion of the field lines, and/or by Alvenic waves that transverse along newly reconnected field lines. In this work, we investigate acceleration mechanisms of 8 coronal jets embedded in different environments by combining multi-wavelength imaging observations, spectroscopic observations and 3D topological modeling. We use observations from Hinode's X-ray Telescope (XRT), Solar Dynamics Observatory's Atmospheric Imaging Array (SDO-AIA), and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), to capture the plane of sky outflow velocities as a function of temperature. When available, we use IRIS spectroscopic observations of the SiIV line profile to calculate line-of-sight velocity, Doppler velocity and non-thermal line broadening. Next we use a Non-Linear Force Free (NLFF) model, to examine the magnetic topology of selected jets during their eruption and compare with evolution in EUV. In cases where a filament is observed, we employ the filament insertion method. In one jet we complete a more thorough topological analysis including modeling of the quasi-sepratrix layers (QSL), and energy partition during the eruption. We find evidence of chromospheric evaporation in most (75%) of the jets, including those jets that exhibit twist. We find that the NLFF model matches EUV observations, allowing us to identify the height of the null region and the upper limits of the toroidal, and poloidal flux. For the first time, we combine observations and topological modeling to show evidence of different acceleration mechanisms in coronal jets. Title: Calculating the Emission Measure and Average Weighted Temperature of Supra-Arcade Downflows Authors: Kittrell, D.; Li, Z.; Reeves, K.; Weber, M. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH11D3379K Altcode: We examine the thermal state of plasma associated with a solar flare that occurred July 7, 2012. In the plasma sheet located within the region above the flare, supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are observed using the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory . The sunward traveling downflows give insight on the local heating mechanics of coronal plasma during the post-eruption period of the flare. We perform calculations of the differential emission measure (DEM) from the AIA data in order to determine the total emission measure and the average weighted temperature. Emission within the SADs are relatively low, and the temperature is much cooler compared to the surrounding plasma. Coupling the DEMs with the velocities within the plasma sheet, we can analyze potential heating terms that model dominant thermal processes in the supra-arcade region. This work supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313, the NSF SHINE program, grant #AGS-1723425, and NASA grant #80NSSC18K0732. Title: Loop-top oscillations observed with IRIS spatially correlated with nonthermal emission from EOVSA in the September 10 2017 X8 Flare Authors: Reeves, K.; Polito, V.; Galan, G.; Yu, S.; Chen, B.; Liu, W.; Li, G. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH13D3416R Altcode: he September 10 2017 X8 flare was a spectacular limb event complete with a fast coronal mass ejection, a fully global EUV wave, a bright flare loop arcade, and strong emission ranging from microwave to white-light continuum and gamma-rays. We examine the IRIS Fe XXI data from this event. Fe XXI is a coronal line that is formed at about 10 MK. The IRIS pointing was just south of the main cusp-shaped loop structure visible in AIA, but it did capture most of the flare arcade on the limb. We find that the majority of the emission in the loops is slightly red shifted, with speeds of about 20 km/s, probably due to chromospheric evaporation and an inclined viewing angle. During the period from 16:05 - 16:15 UT, we find that faint blue-shifted regions appear at the top of the flare loops, indicating plasma flows of 20-60 km/s. After the initial blue shift at each location, the Fe XXI Doppler velocities exhibit a damped oscillation with a period of about 40 sec. Interestingly, in the minutes before the blue-shifted loop-top emission was observed, the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array observed nonthermal microwave emission at the same location above the loop-tops, possibly indicative of particle acceleration there. We will discuss possible mechanisms for these observations. Title: Combined Next-Generation X-ray and EUV Observations with the FIERCE Mission Concept Authors: Shih, A. Y.; Glesener, L.; Christe, S.; Reeves, K.; Gburek, S.; Alaoui, M.; Allred, J. C.; Baumgartner, W.; Caspi, A.; Dennis, B. R.; Drake, J. F.; Goetz, K.; Golub, L.; Guidoni, S. E.; Inglis, A.; Hannah, I. G.; Holman, G.; Hayes, L.; Ireland, J.; Kerr, G. S.; Klimchuk, J. A.; Krucker, S.; McKenzie, D. E.; Moore, C. S.; Musset, S.; Reep, J. W.; Ryan, D.; Saint-Hilaire, P.; Savage, S. L.; Seaton, D. B.; Steslicki, M.; Woods, T. N. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH33A..08S Altcode: While there have been significant advances in our understanding of impulsive energy release at the Sun through the combination of RHESSI X-ray observations and SDO/AIA EUV observations, there is a clear science need for significantly improved X-ray and EUV observations. These new observations must capture the full range of emission in flares and CMEs (e.g., faint coronal sources near bright chromospheric sources), connect the intricate evolution of energy release with dynamic changes in the configuration of plasma structures, and identify the signatures of impulsive energy release in even the quiescent Sun. The Fundamentals of Impulsive Energy Release in the Corona Explorer ( FIERCE ) MIDEX mission concept makes these observations by combining the two instruments previously proposed on the FOXSI SMEX mission concept - a focusing hard X-ray spectroscopic imager and a soft X-ray spectrometer - with a high-resolution EUV imager that will not saturate for even intense flares. All instruments observe at high cadence to capture the initiation of solar transient events and the fine time structure within events. FIERCE would launch in mid-2025, near the peak of the next solar cycle, which is also well timed with perihelions of Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter. Title: Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory Science Objectives Authors: Gibson, S. E.; Tomczyk, S.; Burkepile, J.; Casini, R.; DeLuca, E.; de Toma, G.; de Wijn, A.; Fan, Y.; Golub, L.; Judge, P. G.; Landi, E.; McIntosh, S. W.; Reeves, K.; Seaton, D. B.; Zhang, J. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH11C3395G Altcode: Space-weather forecast capability is held back by our current lack of basic scientific understanding of CME magnetic evolution, and the coronal magnetism that structures and drives the solar wind. Comprehensive observations of the global magnetothermal environment of the solar atmosphere are needed for progress. When fully implemented, the COSMO suite of synoptic ground-based telescopes will provide the community with comprehensive and simultaneous measurements of magnetism, temperature, density and plasma flows and waves from the photosphere through the chromosphere and out into the corona. We will discuss how these observations will uniquely address a set of science objectives that are central to the field of solar and space physics: in particular, to understand the storage and release of magnetic energy, to understand CME dynamics and consequences for shocks, to determine the role of waves in solar atmospheric heating and solar wind acceleration, to understand how the coronal magnetic field relates to the solar dynamo, and to constrain and improve space-weather forecast models. Title: FIERCE Science: Expected Results From a High-Energy Medium-Class Explorer Authors: Glesener, L.; Shih, A. Y.; Christe, S.; Reeves, K.; Gburek, S.; Alaoui, M.; Allred, J. C.; Baumgartner, W.; Caspi, A.; Dennis, B. R.; Drake, J. F.; Golub, L.; Goetz, K.; Guidoni, S. E.; Hannah, I. G.; Hayes, L.; Holman, G.; Inglis, A.; Ireland, J.; Kerr, G. S.; Klimchuk, J. A.; Krucker, S.; McKenzie, D. E.; Moore, C. S.; Musset, S.; Reep, J. W.; Ryan, D.; Saint-Hilaire, P.; Savage, S. L.; Seaton, D. B.; Steslicki, M.; Woods, T. N. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH31C3313G Altcode: A variety of individual X-ray and EUV instruments have probed high-energy aspects of the Sun over the decades, each contributing pieces to the puzzles of the energization, heating, and acceleration of solar plasma and particles. But fundamental difficulties in sensitivity and dynamic range impart big challenges in probing the details of particle acceleration sites, understanding how eruptions and flares are initiated, and tracking the intricacies of energy transfer as flares evolve. The Fundamentals of Impulsive Energy Release in the Corona Explorer ( FIERCE ) mission will make substantial leaps forward in these scientific ventures by combining a variety of instruments into one platform, each optimized to have high sensitivity and dynamic range. FIERCE is a proposed NASA Heliophysics Medium-Class Explorer that will investigate high-energy solar phenomena across a variety of spectral and spatial dimensions. It combines hard X-ray imaging spectroscopy (via focusing, for the first time for a solar-dedicated spacecraft), spatially integrated soft X-ray spectroscopy, and fast, high-resolution extreme ultraviolet imaging at coronal and flare temperatures. FIERCE uses this array of instruments to make important contributions toward probing the genesis of space weather events, the acceleration of particles, the transport of flare energy, and the heating of the corona. Here, we present some of the expected science outcomes for the FIERCE observatory, concentrating on the ways in which FIERCE can probe confined and eruptive events, particle acceleration everywhere it may occur on the Sun, and the connections of solar high-energy phenomena to the heliosphere. Title: Heating Features of Interesting Supra-arcade Downflows Authors: Li, Z.; Kittrell, D.; Reeves, K.; Weber, M.; McKenzie, D. E.; Freed, M. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH11D3378L Altcode: Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) have been observed above flare loops during the decay phase of flare. They appear as tadpole-like dark plasma voids traveling towards the Sun. In areas surrounding where they appear, temperatures are often high. We aim to investigate temperature and heating mechanism of SADs. We apply our analysis to the M1.7 flare that occurred on 2012 July 12 and was observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. There are many obvious SADs above the arcade during this event in the AIA 131 Å channel. We calculate velocities of SADs using the Fourier Local Correlation Tracking (FLCT, Fisher & Welsch, 2008) method to derive velocities in the supra-arcade region. Using corks to track the calculated velocities, we find our velocity results are consistent with the SAD motions in the AIA 131 Å intensity movie. We use the velocities to derive the adiabatic heating caused by the compression of plasma. Preliminary results indicate that there is adiabatic heating in front of the SADs. This work supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313, the NSF SHINE program AGS-1723425, and NASA grant number 80NSSC18K0732. Title: Unfolding Overlappogram Data: Preparing for the COOL-AID instrument on Hi-C FLARE Authors: Winebarger, A. R.; De Pontieu, B.; Cheung, C. M. M.; Martinez-Sykora, J.; Hansteen, V. H.; Testa, P.; Golub, L.; Savage, S. L.; Samra, J.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2019AGUFMSH33A..06W Altcode: During a solar flare, energy released in the corona streams to the solar chromosphere, where plasma is heated and then evaporated upward. The magnitude of these velocities and their evolution as a function of time can provide quantitative information on the magnitude of energy released and the method by which it is transported in a solar flare. Measuring these velocities, however, is quite challenging. Typically, they are measured with single slit spectrometers, where light passing through a long but narrow slit is dispersed and emission lines formed across a range of temperatures are observed. The main issue with using single slit spectrometers to make this measurement is that they are rarely pointed at the right place at the right time. Additionally, their fields of view are limited by narrow slit widths, and although rastering can effectively expand the field of view, it does so at the cost of time. This combination means that single slit spectrometers cannot adequately capture the evolution of the flare velocities. On the contrary, slitless spectrometers can make "overlappograms'', which provide both imaging and spectral information over a large field of view. However, spatial information from different spectral lines can overlap in the dispersion direction, making the data difficult to interpret. Furthermore, the spectral resolution of slitless spectrometers are limited and typically worse than single-slit spectrometers, since no line fitting (and hence sub-pixel sampling) is possible. For the next generation of the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) Rocket Experiment, which we are proposing to launch during a solar flare, we are including the COronal OverLapagram - Ancillary Imaging Diagnostics (COOL-AID) instrument. COOL-AID is a slitless spectrometer based on the COronal Spectrographic Imager in the EUV (COSIE) design, but with a narrow passband coating around 12.9 nm (the same passband as the primary Hi-C telescope), a spatial resolution of ~1"x2", and a velocity resolution of ~5 km/s. The goal of the COOL-AID instrument is to determine the velocity associated with the Fe XXI 12.9 nm spectral line during a solar flare. In this talk, we will demonstrate the unfolding method developed by Cheung et al (2019) to determine the velocity information from a simulated COOL-AID data set. Title: Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope Authors: Bastian, Tim; Bain, H.; Bradley, R.; Chen, B.; Dahlin, J.; DeLuca, E.; Drake, J.; Fleishman, G.; Gary, D.; Glesener, L.; Guo, Fan; Hallinan, G.; Hurford, G.; Kasper, J.; Ji, Hantao; Klimchuk, J.; Kobelski, A.; Krucker, S.; Kuroda, N.; Loncope, D.; Lonsdale, C.; McTiernan, J.; Nita, G.; Qiu, J.; Reeves, K.; Saint-Hilaire, P.; Schonfeld, S.; Shen, Chengcai; Tun, S.; Wertheimer, D.; White, S. Bibcode: 2019astro2020U..56B Altcode: We describe the science objectives and technical requirements for a re-scoped Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR). FASR fulfills a long term community need for a ground-based, solar-dedicated, radio telescope - a next-generation radioheliograph - designed to perform ultra-broadband imaging spectropolarimetry. Title: Possible Evidence of Chromospheric Evaporation in Coronal Jets Authors: Farid, Samaiyah I.; Soto, N.; Reeves, K.; Savcheva, A. Bibcode: 2018shin.confE..90F Altcode: Chromospheric evaporation is commonly associated with flaring active regions, when magnetic reconnection in the corona heats and drives chromospheric material upward at velocities comparable to the local sound speed. In those cases, the tell-tell signs are enhanced blue shifts in enhanced blue shifts in hot lines such as Fe XXI, Fe XXIII and Fe XXIV, and a notable increase in plasma velocity as a function of temperature. Coronal jets could also exhibit evidence of chromospheric evaporation when magnetic reconnection occurs. In this study, we use observations from Hinode's X-ray Telescope (XRT), Solar Dynamics Observatory's Atmospheric Imaging Array (SDO/AIA), and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to construct line-of-sight velocities as a function of temperature along the spire of several jets. We also construct differential emission measures over the time of the jet eruptions and calculate the rate of change in the thermal energy flux, to determine if it is characteristic of explosive or gentle evaporation. We present evidence of a temperature-dependent velocity in jets ranging from 200 500 km/sec , consistent with chromospheric evaporation. Title: Investigation of supra-arcade downflows with a 3D numerical model of solar flares Authors: Guo, Lijia; Shen, C.; Reeves, K. K.; Chen, B. Bibcode: 2018shin.confE.191G Altcode: Supra-arcade downflows are low-emission downflows observed at cusp regions of solar flares. Rayleigh-Taylor-type instabilities have been proposed to as a possible mechanism for the supra-arcade downflows in our previous paper (Guo et al. 2014), in which numerical simulations of a reconnecting current sheet qualitatively reproduce AIA observations of supra-arcade downflows. As a follow-up work of the previous paper, we conduct numerical simulations with more sophisticated setups (Shen et al. 2011) to gain a coherent understanding of three-dimensional fine structures above flare arcades. These fine structures disturb local plasma, cause turbulent flows and possibly help to heat plasma in the cusp region, as suggested by spectroscopic observations of the cusp region (Hanneman & Reeves 2014, Reeves et al. 2017, Innes et al. 2003, McKenzie et al. 2013). In our simulations, we observe high-speed Doppler flows in the supra-arcade fan, which lead to Doppler-shifted components in synthetic line profiles of hot flare lines. We also find that the instabilities that drive supra-arcade downflows could cause non-thermal broadenings of line profiles as a consequence of turbulent flows. We compare our simulations with existing observations and discuss the possible impacts of supra-arcade downflows on flare energetics. Last but not least, we conducted parameter scans regarding to certain plasma parameters (e.g. beta and guide field) and study conditions under which supra-arcade downflows occur. Title: The Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) Authors: Winebarger, A. R.; Savage, S. L.; Kobayashi, K.; Champey, P. R.; McKenzie, D. E.; Golub, L.; Testa, P.; Reeves, K.; Cheimets, P.; Cirtain, J. W.; Walsh, R. W.; Bradshaw, S. J.; Warren, H.; Mason, H. E.; Del Zanna, G. Bibcode: 2017AGUFMSH44A..06W Altcode: For over four decades, X-ray, EUV, and UV spectral observations have been used to measure physical properties of the solar atmosphere. At wavelengths below 10 nm, however, observations of the solar corona with simultaneous spatial and spectral resolution are limited, and not since the late 1970's have spatially resolved solar X-ray spectra been measured. Because the soft X-ray regime is dominated by emission lines formed at high temperatures, X-ray spectroscopic techniques yield insights to fundamental physical processes that are not accessible by any other means. Using a novel implementation of corrective optics, the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS) will measure, for the first time, the solar spectrum from 0.6- 2.4 nm with a 6 arcsec resolution over an 8 arcmin slit. The MaGIXS mission will address on of the fundamental problems of coronal physics: the nature of coronal heating. There are several observables in the MaGIXS wavelength range that will constrain the heating frequency and hence discriminate between competing coronal heating theories. In this presentation, we will present the MaGIXS scientific motivation and provide an update on instrument development. MaGIXS will be launched from White Sands Missile Range in the summer of 2019. Title: Searching for Spectroscopic Signs of Termination Shocks in Solar Flares Authors: Galan, G.; Polito, V.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2017AGUFMSH51C2501G Altcode: The standard flare model predicts the presence of a termination shock located above the flare loop tops, however terminations shocks have not yet been well observed. We analyze flare observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), which provides cotemporal UV imaging and spectral data. Specifically, we study plasma emissions in the Fe XXI line, formed at the very hot plasma temperatures in flares (> 10 MK). Imaging observations that point to shocks include fast hot reconnection downflows above the loop tops and localized dense, bright plasma at the loop tops; spectral signatures that suggest shocks in the locality of the loop tops include redshifts and nonthermal broadening of the Fe XXI line. We identify possibly significant redshifts in some on-disk flare events observed by IRIS. Redshifts are observed in the vicinity of the bright loop top source that is thought to coincide with the site of the shock. In these events, the Fe XXI emissions at the time of the redshifted structures are dominated by at the at-rest components. The much more less intense redshifted components are broader, with velocities of 200 km/s. The spatial location of these shifts might indicate plasma motions and speeds indicative of termination shocks. This work is supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313, and by NASA Grant NNX15AJ93G. Keywords: Solar flares, Solar magnetic reconnection, Termination shocks Title: Radio Spectral Imaging of Reflective MHD Waves during the Impulsive Phase of a Solar Flare Authors: Yu, S.; Chen, B.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2017AGUFMSH33B2781Y Altcode: We report a new type of coherent radio bursts observed by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in 1-2 GHz during the impulsive phase of a two-ribbon flare on 2014 November 1, which we interpret as MHD waves reflected near the footpoint of flaring loops. In the dynamic spectrum, this burst starts with a positive frequency drift toward higher frequencies until it slows down near its highest-frequency boundary. Then it turns over and drifts toward lower frequencies. The frequency drift rate in its descending and ascending branch is between 50-150 MHz/s, which is much slower than type III radio bursts associated with fast electron beams but close to the well-known intermediate drift bursts, or fiber bursts, which are usually attributed to propagating whistler or Alfvenic waves. Thanks to VLA's unique capability of imaging with spectrometer-like temporal and spectral resolution (50 ms and 2 MHz), we are able to obtain an image of the radio source at every time and frequency in the dynamic spectrum where the burst is present and trace its spatial evolution. From the imaging results, we find that the radio source firstly moves downward toward one of the flaring ribbons before it "bounces off" at the lowest height (corresponding to the turnover frequency in the dynamic spectrum) and moves upward again. The measured speed in projection is at the order of 1-2 Mm/s, which is characteristic of Alfvenic or fast-mode MHD waves in the low corona. We conclude that the radio burst is emitted by trapped nonthermal electrons in the flaring loop carried along by a large-scale MHD wave. The waves are probably launched during the eruption of a magnetic flux rope in the flare impulsive phase. Title: Thermal energy creation and transport and X-ray/EUV emission in a thermodynamic MHD CME simulation Authors: Reeves, K.; Mikic, Z.; Torok, T.; Linker, J.; Murphy, N. A. Bibcode: 2017AGUFMSH11C..07R Altcode: We model a CME using the PSI 3D numerical MHD code that includes coronal heating, thermal conduction and radiative cooling in the energy equation. The magnetic flux distribution at 1 Rs is produced by a localized subsurface dipole superimposed on a global dipole field, mimicking the presence of an active region within the global corona. We introduce transverse electric fields near the neutral line in the active region to form a flux rope, then a converging flow is imposed that causes the eruption. We follow the formation and evolution of the current sheet and find that instabilities set in soon after the reconnection commences. We simulate XRT and AIA EUV emission and find that the instabilities manifest as bright features emanating from the reconnection region. We examine the quantities responsible for plasma heating and cooling during the eruption, including thermal conduction, radiation, adiabatic compression and expansion, coronal heating and ohmic heating due to dissipation of currents. We find that the adiabatic compression plays an important role in heating the plasma around the current sheet, especially in the later stages of the eruption when the instabilities are present. Thermal conduction also plays an important role in the transport of thermal energy away from the current sheet region throughout the reconnection process. Title: Solar Flare Termination shock and the Synthetic Fe XXI 1354.08 Å line Authors: Guo, L.; Li, G.; Reeves, K.; Raymond, J. C. Bibcode: 2017AGUFMSH52B..03G Altcode: Solar flares are one of the most energetic phenomena occurred in the solar system. In the standard solar flare model, a fast mode shock, which is often referred to as the flare termination shock (TS), can exist above the loop-top source of hard X-ray emissions. The existence of the termination shock has been recently related to spectral hardening of flare hard X-ray spectrum at energies > 300 keV. Observations of the Fe XXI 1354.08 Å line during solar flares by the IRIS spacecraft have found significant redshift with >100 km/s, which is consistent with a reconnection downflow. The ability to identify such a redshift by IRIS is made possible by IRIS's high time resolution, high spatial resolution, high sensitivity and cadence spectral observations. The ability to identify such a redshift by IRIS suggests that one may be able to use IRIS observations to identify flare termination shocks. Using a MHD simulation to model magnetic reconnection of a solar flare and assuming the existence of a TS in the downflow of the reconnection plasma, we model the synthetic emission of the Fe XXI 1354.08 Å line in this work. We show that the existence of the TS in the solar flare may manifest itself from the Fe XXI 1354.08 Å line. Title: The Connection Between Solar Coronal Cavities and Solar Filaments Authors: Zawadzki, B.; Karna, N.; Prchlik, J.; Reeves, K.; Kempton, D.; Angryk, R. Bibcode: 2017AGUFMSH13A2467Z Altcode: Filaments are structures in the solar corona made up of relatively cool, dense, partially ionized plasma. Coronal cavities, circular or elliptical regions of low plasma density, are observed above prominences on the solar limb when viewed in EUV and white light coronal images. Since most filament/cavity eruptions lead to a coronal mass ejection (CME), determining the likelihood of an eruption event will improve our ability to predict space weather. We examine SDO/AIA cavity metadata and HEK filament metadata to determine which cavities are associated with which filaments from 2012 to 2015. Our study involved 140 cavities and 368 filaments that appeared poleward of +-30 degrees. We categorized the cavities and filaments based on the stability of the structures, defined by whether or not the cavity and filament exist long enough to track fully across the solar disk. Using these categories we perform a statistical study on various filament qualities within the metadata. Our findings indicate that filaments with cavities are observed more often at high latitude in compared to filaments without cavities. Moreover, our study indicates that a statistically significant difference exists between the filament length and tilt distributions for certain categories. This work supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313, and the NSF-DIBBS project, grant number ACI-1443061. Title: Probing the W tb vertex structure in t-channel single-top-quark production and decay in pp collisions at √{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector Authors: Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Abeloos, B.; AbouZeid, O. S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adachi, S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Verzini, M. J. Alconada; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Ali, B.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allen, B. W.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Alshehri, A. A.; Alstaty, M.; Gonzalez, B. Alvarez; Piqueras, D. Álvarez; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Coutinho, Y. Amaral; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Santos, S. P. Amor Dos; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antel, C.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antrim, D. J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Bella, L. Aperio; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Ferraz, V. Araujo; Arce, A. T. H.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J. -F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Armitage, L. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Artz, S.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Augsten, K.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baak, M. A.; Baas, A. E.; Baca, M. J.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Baines, J. T.; Bajic, M.; Baker, O. K.; Baldin, E. M.; Balek, P.; Balestri, T.; Balli, F.; Balunas, W. K.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisits, M. -S.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska-Blenessy, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Navarro, L. Barranco; Barreiro, F.; da Costa, J. Barreiro Guimarães; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Beckingham, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bedognetti, M.; Bee, C. P.; Beemster, L. J.; Beermann, T. A.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Bell, A. S.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Belyaev, N. L.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Noccioli, E. Benhar; Benitez, J.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Kuutmann, E. Bergeaas; Berger, N.; Beringer, J.; Berlendis, S.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertolucci, F.; Bertram, I. A.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Besjes, G. J.; Bylund, O. Bessidskaia; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Betancourt, C.; Bethani, A.; Bethke, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Bianchi, R. M.; Bianco, M.; Biebel, O.; Biedermann, D.; Bielski, R.; Biesuz, N. V.; Biglietti, M.; De Mendizabal, J. Bilbao; Billoud, T. R. V.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Biondi, S.; Bisanz, T.; Bjergaard, D. M.; Black, C. W.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blackburn, D.; Blair, R. E.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blue, A.; Blum, W.; Blumenschein, U.; Blunier, S.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bocci, A.; Bock, C.; Boehler, M.; Boerner, D.; Bogaerts, J. A.; Bogavac, D.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Bohm, C.; Boisvert, V.; Bokan, P.; Bold, T.; Boldyrev, A. S.; Bomben, M.; Bona, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Borisov, A.; Borissov, G.; Bortfeldt, J.; Bortoletto, D.; Bortolotto, V.; Bos, K.; Boscherini, D.; Bosman, M.; Sola, J. D. Bossio; Boudreau, J.; Bouffard, J.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Boumediene, D.; Bourdarios, C.; Boutle, S. K.; Boveia, A.; Boyd, J.; Boyko, I. R.; Bracinik, J.; Brandt, A.; Brandt, G.; Brandt, O.; Bratzler, U.; Brau, B.; Brau, J. E.; Madden, W. D. Breaden; Brendlinger, K.; Brennan, A. J.; Brenner, L.; Brenner, R.; Bressler, S.; Bristow, T. M.; Britton, D.; Britzger, D.; Brochu, F. M.; Brock, I.; Brock, R.; Brooijmans, G.; Brooks, T.; Brooks, W. K.; Brosamer, J.; Brost, E.; Broughton, J. H.; de Renstrom, P. A. Bruckman; Bruncko, D.; Bruneliere, R.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruni, L. S.; Brunt, BH; Bruschi, M.; Bruscino, N.; Bryant, P.; Bryngemark, L.; Buanes, T.; Buat, Q.; Buchholz, P.; Buckley, A. G.; Budagov, I. A.; Buehrer, F.; Bugge, M. K.; Bulekov, O.; Bullock, D.; Burckhart, H.; Burdin, S.; Burgard, C. D.; Burger, A. M.; Burghgrave, B.; Burka, K.; Burke, S.; Burmeister, I.; Burr, J. T. P.; Busato, E.; Büscher, D.; Büscher, V.; Bussey, P.; Butler, J. M.; Buttar, C. M.; Butterworth, J. M.; Butti, P.; Buttinger, W.; Buzatu, A.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Urbán, S. Cabrera; Caforio, D.; Cairo, V. M.; Cakir, O.; Calace, N.; Calafiura, P.; Calandri, A.; Calderini, G.; Calfayan, P.; Callea, G.; Caloba, L. P.; Lopez, S. Calvente; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Calvet, T. P.; Toro, R. Camacho; Camarda, S.; Camarri, P.; Cameron, D.; Armadans, R. Caminal; Camincher, C.; Campana, S.; Campanelli, M.; Camplani, A.; Campoverde, A.; Canale, V.; Canepa, A.; Bret, M. Cano; Cantero, J.; Cao, T.; Garrido, M. D. M. Capeans; Caprini, I.; Caprini, M.; Capua, M.; Carbone, R. 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C.; Unno, Y.; Unverdorben, C.; Urban, J.; Urquijo, P.; Urrejola, P.; Usai, G.; Usui, J.; Vacavant, L.; Vacek, V.; Vachon, B.; Valderanis, C.; Santurio, E. Valdes; Valencic, N.; Valentinetti, S.; Valero, A.; Valéry, L.; Valkar, S.; Ferrer, J. A. Valls; Van Den Wollenberg, W.; Van Der Deijl, P. C.; van der Graaf, H.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; Van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Vulpen, I.; van Woerden, M. C.; Vanadia, M.; Vandelli, W.; Vanguri, R.; Vaniachine, A.; Vankov, P.; Vardanyan, G.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varol, T.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vasquez, J. G.; Vasquez, G. A.; Vazeille, F.; Schroeder, T. Vazquez; Veatch, J.; Veeraraghavan, V.; Veloce, L. M.; Veloso, F.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Venturini, A.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vest, A.; Vetterli, M. C.; Viazlo, O.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Boeriu, O. E. Vickey; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Vigani, L.; Villa, M.; Perez, M. Villaplana; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Vishwakarma, A.; Vittori, C.; Vivarelli, I.; Vlachos, S.; Vlasak, M.; Vogel, M.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, G.; Volpi, M.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vorobev, K.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vranjes, N.; Milosavljevic, M. Vranjes; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, W.; Wahlberg, H.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wallangen, V.; Wang, C.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, K.; Wang, Q.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, W.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Washbrook, A.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. W.; Weber, S. A.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weinert, B.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M. D.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; Whallon, N. L.; Wharton, A. M.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; Whiteson, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wilk, F.; Wilkens, H. G.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, C.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winklmeier, F.; Winston, O. J.; Winter, B. T.; Wittgen, M.; Wobisch, M.; Wolf, T. M. H.; Wolff, R.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Worm, S. D.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wu, M.; Wu, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xi, Z.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yamaguchi, D.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yao, W. -M.; Yap, Y. C.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Wong, K. H. Yau; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yeletskikh, I.; Yildirim, E.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J. M.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yuen, S. P. Y.; Yusuff, I.; Zabinski, B.; Zacharis, G.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zakharchuk, N.; Zalieckas, J.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanzi, D.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zeng, J. C.; Zeng, Q.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; zur Nedden, M.; Zwalinski, L. Bibcode: 2017JHEP...04..124A Altcode: 2019arXiv190605310A To probe the W tb vertex structure, top-quark and W -boson polarisation observables are measured from t-channel single-top-quark events produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb-1, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, with one of them identified as likely to contain a b-hadron. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate t-channel single-top-quark events from background. The polarisation observables are extracted from asymmetries in angular distributions measured with respect to spin quantisation axes appropriately chosen for the top quark and the W boson. The asymmetry measurements are performed at parton level by correcting the observed angular distributions for detector effects and hadronisation after subtracting the background contributions. The measured top-quark and W -boson polarisation values are in agreement with the Standard Model predictions. Limits on the imaginary part of the anomalous coupling g R are also set from model-independent measurements. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] Title: MWA Observations of Solar Radio Bursts and the Quiet Sun Authors: Cairns, I.; Oberoi, D.; Morgan, J.; Bastian, T.; Bhatnagar, S.; Bisi, M.; Benkevitch, L.; Bowman, J.; Donea, A.; Giersch, O.; Jackson, B.; Chat, G. L.; Golub, L.; Hariharan, K.; Herne, D.; Kasper, J.; Kennewell, J.; Lonsdale, C.; Lobzin, V.; Matthews, L.; Mohan, A.; Padmanabhan, J.; Pankratius, V.; Pick, M.; Subramanian, P.; Ramesh, R.; Raymond, J.; Reeves, K.; Rogers, A.; Sharma, R.; Tingay, S.; Tremblay, S.; Tripathi, D.; Webb, D.; White, S.; Abidin, Z. B. Z. Bibcode: 2017mwa..prop..A06C Altcode: A hundred hours of observing time for solar observations is requested during the 2017-A observing semester. These data will be used to address science objectives for solar burst science (Goal A), studies of weak non-thermal radiation (Goal B) and quiet sun science (Goal C). Goal A will focus on detailed investigations of individual events seen in the MWA data, using the unsurpassed spectroscopic imaging ability of the MWA to address some key solar physics questions. Detailed observations of type II bursts, of which MWA has observed two, will be one focus, with MWA polarimetric imaging observations of type III bursts another focus. Goal B will address studies of the numerous short lived and narrow band emission features, significantly weaker than those seen by most other instruments revealed by the MWA. These emission features do not resemble any known types of solar bursts, but are possible signatures of "nanoflares" which have long been suspected to play a role in coronal heating. A large database of these events is needed to be able to reliably estimate their contribution to coronal heating. These observations will contribute to this database. Goal C will focus on characterizing the Sun's background thermal emission, their short and long term variability and looking for evidence of a scattering disc around the Sun. Title: Signatures of Reconnection Observed in a Candle-Flame Solar Flare at the Limb Authors: Reeves, K.; Chen, B.; White, S. M.; Schanche, N.; Tian, H. Bibcode: 2016AGUFMSH31B2565R Altcode: We examine a well-observed flare that occurred on the limb of the Sun on March 7, 2015 in order to find possible signatures of a termination shock due to outflows from reconnecting magnetic fields. Images of this flare from Hinode/XRT and the SDO/AIA 131 bandpass show a cusp-shaped morphology. The IRIS slit was positioned in the region of the current sheet, above the flare loops. Fe XXI is detected in the IRIS spectra with an average Doppler velocity of about 20 km/s. The non-thermal widths in IRIS decrease steadily from 23:00 UT on the 7th until 00:20 UT the next day. This decrease correlates well with the microwave radio flux observed by the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), which is primarily due to thermal free-free emission based on the examination of NoRH images at 17 GHz and 34 GHz. Temperatures of the loop-top source derived from RHESSI and XRT also show a steady decrease during this time. We measure downflow velocities in the cusp region in the AIA 131 A bandpass, and find that from 22-23 UT the flows are about 300-400 km/s, and they slow down to about 100 km/s after 23 UT. This work supported by NASA Grant NNX15AJ93G. Title: Mechanisms of Plasma Acceleration in Coronal Jets Authors: Soto, N.; Reeves, K.; Savcheva, A. S. Bibcode: 2016AGUFMSH31B2568S Altcode: Jets are small explosions that occur frequently in the Sun possibly driven by the local reconfiguration of the magnetic field, or reconnection. There are two types of coronal jets: standard jets and blowout jets. The purpose of this project is to determine which mechanisms accelerate plasma in two different jets, one that occurred in January 17, 2015 at the disk of the sun and another in October 24, 2015 at the limb. Two possible acceleration mechanisms are chromospheric evaporation and magnetic acceleration. Using SDO/AIA, Hinode/XRT and IRIS data, we create height-time plots, and calculate the velocities of each wavelength for both jets. We calculate the potential magnetic field of the jet and the general region around it to gain a more detailed understanding of its structure, and determine if the jet is likely to be either a standard or blowout jet. Finally, we calculate the magnetic field strength for different heights along the jet spire, and use differential emission measures to calculate the plasma density. Once we have these two values, we calculate the Alfven speed. When analyzing our results we are looking for certain patterns in our velocities. If the plasma in a jet is accelerated by chromospheric evaporation, we expect the velocities to increase as function of temperature, which is what we observed in the October 24th jet. The magnetic models for this jet also show the Eiffel Tower shaped structure characteristic of standard jets, which tend to have plasma accelerated by this mechanism. On the other hand, if the acceleration mechanism were magnetic acceleration, we would expect the velocities to be similar regardless of temperature. For the January 17th jet, we saw that along the spire, the velocities where approximately 200 km/s in all wavelengths, but the velocities of hot plasma detected at the base were closer to the Alfven speed, which was estimated to be about 2,000 km/s. These observations suggest that the plasma in the January 17th jet is magnetically accelerated. The magnetic model for this jet needs to be studied further by using a NLFFF magnetic field model and not just the potential magnetic field. This work supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313 and NASA Grant NNX15AF43G Title: Density diagnostics derived from the O iv and S iv intercombination lines observed by IRIS Authors: Polito, V.; Del Zanna, G.; Dudík, J.; Mason, H. E.; Giunta, A.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2016A&A...594A..64P Altcode: 2016arXiv160705072P The intensity of the O iv 2s2 2p 2P-2s2p24P and S iv 3 s2 3p 2P-3s 3p24 P intercombination lines around 1400 Å observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provide a useful tool to diagnose the electron number density (Ne) in the solar transition region plasma. We measure the electron number density in a variety of solar features observed by IRIS, including an active region (AR) loop, plage and brightening, and the ribbon of the 22-June-2015 M 6.5 class flare. By using the emissivity ratios of O iv and S iv lines, we find that our observations are consistent with the emitting plasma being near isothermal (logT[K] ≈ 5) and iso-density (Ne ≈ 1010.6 cm-3) in the AR loop. Moreover, high electron number densities (Ne ≈ 1013 cm-3) are obtained during the impulsive phase of the flare by using the S iv line ratio. We note that the S iv lines provide a higher range of density sensitivity than the O iv lines. Finally, we investigate the effects of high densities (Ne ≳ 1011 cm-3) on the ionization balance. In particular, the fractional ion abundances are found to be shifted towards lower temperatures for high densities compared to the low density case. We also explored the effects of a non-Maxwellian electron distribution on our diagnostic method. The movie associated to Fig. 3 is available at http://www.aanda.org Title: Simultaneous IRIS and Hinode/EIS Observations and Modelling of the 2014 October 27 X2.0 Class Flare Authors: Polito, V.; Reep, J. W.; Reeves, K. K.; Simões, P. J. A.; Dudík, J.; Del Zanna, G.; Mason, H. E.; Golub, L. Bibcode: 2016ApJ...816...89P Altcode: 2015arXiv151206378P We present a study of the X2-class flare which occurred on 2014 October 27 and was observed with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board the Hinode satellite. Thanks to the high cadence and spatial resolution of the IRIS and EIS instruments, we are able to compare simultaneous observations of the Fe xxi 1354.08 Å and Fe xxiii 263.77 Å high-temperature emission (≳10 MK) in the flare ribbon during the chromospheric evaporation phase. We find that IRIS observes completely blueshifted Fe xxi line profiles, up to 200 km s-1 during the rise phase of the flare, indicating that the site of the plasma upflows is resolved by IRIS. In contrast, the Fe xxiii line is often asymmetric, which we interpret as being due to the lower spatial resolution of EIS. Temperature estimates from SDO/AIA and Hinode/XRT show that hot emission (log(T[K]) > 7.2) is first concentrated at the footpoints before filling the loops. Density-sensitive lines from IRIS and EIS give estimates of electron number density of ≳1012 cm-3 in the transition region lines and 1010 cm-3 in the coronal lines during the impulsive phase. In order to compare the observational results against theoretical predictions, we have run a simulation of a flare loop undergoing heating using the HYDRAD 1D hydro code. We find that the simulated plasma parameters are close to the observed values that are obtained with IRIS, Hinode, and AIA. These results support an electron beam heating model rather than a purely thermal conduction model as the driving mechanism for this flare. Title: Predicting Solar Filament Eruptions with HEK Filament Metadata Authors: Aggarwal, A.; Reeves, K.; Schanche, N. Bibcode: 2015AGUFMSH51B2445A Altcode: Solar filaments are cool, dark channels of partially-ionized plasma that lie above the chromosphere. Their structure follows the neutral line between local regions of opposite magnetic polarity. Previous research (e.g. Schmieder et al. 2013) has shown a positive correlation (80%) between the occurrence of filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections (CME's). If certain filament properties, such as length, chirality, and tilt, indicate a tendency towards filament eruptions, one may be able to further predict an oncoming CME. Towards this end, we present a novel algorithm based on spatiotemporal analysis that systematically correlates filament eruptions documented in the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) with HEK filaments that have been grouped together using a tracking algorithm developed at Georgia State University (e.g. Kempton et al. 2014). We also find filament tracks that are not correlated with eruptions to form a null data set in a similar fashion. Finally, we compare the metadata from erupting and non-erupting filament tracks to discover which filament properties may present signs of an eruption onset. Through statistical methods such as the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Random Forest Classifier, we find that a filament that is increasing in length or changing in tilt with respect to the equator may be a useful gauge to predict a filament eruption. However, the average values of length and tilt for both datasets follow similar distributions, leading us to conclude that these parameters do not indicate an eruption event. This work is supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1263241, and NSF DIBBS grant number ACI-1443061. Title: Study on the temperature and density of erupting prominences associated with coronal mass ejections Authors: Lee, J. Y.; Raymond, J. C.; Reeves, K.; Moon, Y. J.; Kim, K. S. Bibcode: 2015AGUFMSH31B2417L Altcode: We investigate the densities and temperatures of erupting prominences associated with coronal mass ejections and X-ray flares. Several events observed in EUV by AIA/SDO show that the absorption features of prominences/filaments change to emission features during their eruptions, which indicates the heating of the erupting plasma. These events are also observed in X-rays by Hinode/XRT. We estimate the temperatures and densities of the erupting prominences/filaments using absorption properties of hydrogen and helium in different passbands. We estimate the temperatures and densities of the erupting plasma in emission features using differential emission measure method, which uses both EUV and X-ray observations. These events show very hot plasma of higher than 10 MK. We discuss the heating of the erupting plasmas comparing the energies obtained from the estimated the temperatures and densities during the eruption. Title: Recent Progress in Understanding Energy Transfer in Solar Flares Resulting from Coordinated IRIS, SDO, and Hinode Observations Authors: Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2015AGUFMSH23D..06R Altcode: Flares are the most energetic events that take place on the Sun, and studying them results in a wealth of information about the energy transfer between the solar corona and lower layers of the atmosphere. Prior to a flare, magnetic fields in the photosphere and chromosphere are stressed until a trigger causes energy release in the corona. Manifestations of this energy release are accelerated electrons high in the corona, increased intensity in post-flare arcades and chromospheric footpoint brightenings. Chromospheric evaporation at flare footpoints gives insight into the particular energy release mechanisms during solar flares. Progress in understanding the energy storage, release and deposition of energy during solar flares has come thanks to coordinated observations between IRIS, SDO and Hinode. In this talk, I will review recent results from these coordinated efforts, including observations of reconnection outflows, chromospheric evaporation, turbulence in flare loop tops, and flare triggering. Title: Search for Dark Matter in Events with Missing Transverse Momentum and a Higgs Boson Decaying to Two Photons in p p Collisions at √{s }=8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector Authors: Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdinov, O.; Aben, R.; Abolins, M.; Abouzeid, O. S.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimoto, G.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alio, L.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Altheimer, A.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Álvarez Piqueras, D.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Amako, K.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amram, N.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, G.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Anger, P.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antos, J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Arce, A. T. H.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J. -F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnal, V.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Auerbach, B.; Augsten, K.; Aurousseau, M.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baak, M. A.; Baas, A. E.; Bacci, C.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Bain, T.; Baines, J. T.; Baker, O. K.; Balek, P.; Balestri, T.; Balli, F.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Bansil, H. S.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisonzi, M.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Barreiro, F.; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Basye, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Beccherle, R.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Becker, S.; Beckingham, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bee, C. P.; Beemster, L. J.; Beermann, T. A.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Bell, W. H.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Benhar Noccioli, E.; Benitez Garcia, J. A.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Bergeaas Kuutmann, E.; Berger, N.; Berghaus, F.; Beringer, J.; Bernard, C.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertolucci, F.; Bertsche, C.; Bertsche, D.; Besana, M. I.; Besjes, G. J.; Bessidskaia Bylund, O.; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Betancourt, C.; Bethke, S.; Bevan, A. J.; Bhimji, W.; Bianchi, R. M.; Bianchini, L.; Bianco, M.; Biebel, O.; Bieniek, S. P.; Biglietti, M.; Bilbao de Mendizabal, J.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Binet, S.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Black, C. W.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blackburn, D.; Blair, R. E.; Blanchard, J. -B.; Blanco, J. E.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blum, W.; Blumenschein, U.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bocci, A.; Bock, C.; Boehler, M.; Bogaerts, J. A.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Bohm, C.; Boisvert, V.; Bold, T.; Boldea, V.; Boldyrev, A. S.; Bomben, M.; Bona, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Borisov, A.; Borissov, G.; Borroni, S.; Bortfeldt, J.; Bortolotto, V.; Bos, K.; Boscherini, D.; Bosman, M.; Boudreau, J.; Bouffard, J.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Boumediene, D.; Bourdarios, C.; Bousson, N.; Boveia, A.; Boyd, J.; Boyko, I. R.; Bozic, I.; Bracinik, J.; Brandt, A.; Brandt, G.; Brandt, O.; Bratzler, U.; Brau, B.; Brau, J. E.; Braun, H. M.; Brazzale, S. F.; Brendlinger, K.; Brennan, A. J.; Brenner, L.; Brenner, R.; Bressler, S.; Bristow, K.; Bristow, T. M.; Britton, D.; Britzger, D.; Brochu, F. M.; Brock, I.; Brock, R.; Bronner, J.; Brooijmans, G.; Brooks, T.; Brooks, W. K.; Brosamer, J.; Brost, E.; Brown, J.; Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A.; Bruncko, D.; Bruneliere, R.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruschi, M.; Bryngemark, L.; Buanes, T.; Buat, Q.; Buchholz, P.; Buckley, A. G.; Buda, S. I.; Budagov, I. A.; Buehrer, F.; Bugge, L.; Bugge, M. K.; Bulekov, O.; Bullock, D.; Burckhart, H.; Burdin, S.; Burghgrave, B.; Burke, S.; Burmeister, I.; Busato, E.; Büscher, D.; Büscher, V.; Bussey, P.; Butler, J. M.; Butt, A. I.; Buttar, C. M.; Butterworth, J. M.; Butti, P.; Buttinger, W.; Buzatu, A.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Cabrera Urbán, S.; Caforio, D.; Cairo, V. M.; Cakir, O.; Calafiura, P.; Calandri, A.; Calderini, G.; Calfayan, P.; Caloba, L. P.; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Camacho Toro, R.; Camarda, S.; Camarri, P.; Cameron, D.; Caminada, L. M.; Caminal Armadans, R.; Campana, S.; Campanelli, M.; Campoverde, A.; Canale, V.; Canepa, A.; Cano Bret, M.; Cantero, J.; Cantrill, R.; Cao, T.; Capeans Garrido, M. D. M.; Caprini, I.; Caprini, M.; Capua, M.; Caputo, R.; Cardarelli, R.; Carli, T.; Carlino, G.; Carminati, L.; Caron, S.; Carquin, E.; Carrillo-Montoya, G. D.; Carter, J. R.; Carvalho, J.; Casadei, D.; Casado, M. P.; Casolino, M.; Castaneda-Miranda, E.; Castelli, A.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Castro, N. F.; Catastini, P.; Catinaccio, A.; Catmore, J. R.; Cattai, A.; Caudron, J.; Cavaliere, V.; Cavalli, D.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Ceradini, F.; Cerio, B. C.; Cerny, K.; Cerqueira, A. S.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Cerutti, F.; Cerv, M.; Cervelli, A.; Cetin, S. A.; Chafaq, A.; Chakraborty, D.; Chalupkova, I.; Chang, P.; Chapleau, B.; Chapman, J. D.; Charlton, D. G.; Chau, C. C.; Chavez Barajas, C. A.; Cheatham, S.; Chegwidden, A.; Chekanov, S.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Chelkov, G. A.; Chelstowska, M. A.; Chen, C.; Chen, H.; Chen, K.; Chen, L.; Chen, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, H. 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C.; van der Geer, R.; van der Graaf, H.; van der Leeuw, R.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Vulpen, I.; van Woerden, M. C.; Vanadia, M.; Vandelli, W.; Vanguri, R.; Vaniachine, A.; Vannucci, F.; Vardanyan, G.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varol, T.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vazeille, F.; Vazquez Schroeder, T.; Veatch, J.; Veloso, F.; Velz, T.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Ventura, D.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Venturini, A.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vest, A.; Vetterli, M. C.; Viazlo, O.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Vickey Boeriu, O. E.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Vigne, R.; Villa, M.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Vivarelli, I.; Vives Vaque, F.; Vlachos, S.; Vladoiu, D.; Vlasak, M.; Vogel, M.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, G.; Volpi, M.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Radziewski, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vorobev, K.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vranjes, N.; Vranjes Milosavljevic, M.; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Vykydal, Z.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, W.; Wahlberg, H.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, K.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, X.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Warsinsky, M.; Washbrook, A.; Wasicki, C.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, I. J.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. W.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weinert, B.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; Wharton, A. M.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; White, S.; Whiteson, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wilkens, H. G.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, C.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, A.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winklmeier, F.; Winter, B. T.; Wittgen, M.; Wittkowski, J.; Wollstadt, S. J.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wu, M.; Wu, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yakabe, R.; Yamada, M.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yao, L.; Yao, W. -M.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Yau Wong, K. H.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yeletskikh, I.; Yen, A. L.; Yildirim, E.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J. M.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yurkewicz, A.; Yusuff, I.; Zabinski, B.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zalieckas, J.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanello, L.; Zanzi, D.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zengel, K.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zur Nedden, M.; Zurzolo, G.; Zwalinski, L.; Atlas Collaboration Bibcode: 2015PhRvL.115m1801A Altcode: 2015arXiv150601081A Results of a search for new phenomena in events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to two photons are reported. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1 have been collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The observed data are well described by the expected standard model backgrounds. Upper limits on the cross section of events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson candidate are also placed. Exclusion limits are presented for models of physics beyond the standard model featuring dark-matter candidates. Title: Prominence and Filament Eruptions Observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory: Statistical Properties, Kinematics, and Online Catalog Authors: McCauley, P. I.; Su, Y. N.; Schanche, N.; Evans, K. E.; Su, C.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2015SoPh..290.1703M Altcode: 2015arXiv150502090M; 2015SoPh..tmp...56M We present a statistical study of prominence and filament eruptions observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Several properties are recorded for 904 events that were culled from the Heliophysics Event Knowledgebase (HEK) and incorporated into an online catalog for general use. These characteristics include the filament and eruption type, eruption symmetry and direction, apparent twisting and writhing motions, and the presence of vertical threads and coronal cavities. Associated flares and white-light coronal mass ejections (CME) are also recorded. Total rates are given for each property along with how they differ among filament types. We also examine the kinematics of 106 limb events to characterize the distinct slow- and fast-rise phases often exhibited by filament eruptions. The average fast-rise onset height, slow-rise duration, slow-rise velocity, maximum field-of-view (FOV) velocity, and maximum FOV acceleration are 83 Mm, 4.4 hours, 2.1 km s−1, 106 km s−1, and 111 m s−2, respectively. All parameters exhibit lognormal probability distributions similar to that of CME speeds. A positive correlation between latitude and fast-rise onset height is found, which we attribute to a corresponding negative correlation in the average vertical magnetic field gradient, or decay index, estimated from potential field source surface (PFSS) extrapolations. We also find the decay index at the fast-rise onset point to be 1.1 on average, consistent with the critical instability threshold theorized for straight current channels. Finally, we explore relationships between the derived kinematics properties and apparent twisting motions. We find that events with evident twist have significantly faster CME speeds and significantly lower fast-rise onset heights, suggesting relationships between these values and flux rope helicity. Title: Joint High Temperature Observation of a Small C6.5 Solar Flare With Iris/Eis/Aia Authors: Polito, V.; Reeves, K. K.; Del Zanna, G.; Golub, L.; Mason, H. E. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...803...84P Altcode: We present the observation of a C6.5 class flare on 2014 February 3, obtained with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board HINODE. We follow the details of the impulsive phase with IRIS and the gradual decay phase with both IRIS and EIS. The IRIS Slit-Jaw Imager and Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) are used to precisely co-align the two sets of spectroscopic observations. Of particular interest is the Fe xxi 1354.08 Å spectral line, which is the highest temperature emission (∼10 MK) observed in the IRIS wavelength range. We show the evolution of the Fe xxi profiles during the impulsive phase of the flare at the same ribbon location with a 75 s temporal cadence. Totally blueshifted (∼82 km {{s}-1}) profiles are found at the very early phase of the flare and gradually decrease in about 6 minutes. This result is consistent with 1D model predictions during chromospheric evaporation in flares. The blueshifted components also exhibit large non-thermal broadening, which decreases simultaneously with the blueshifted velocity. After the evaporation first occurs, the Fe xxi intensity progressively moves from the footpoints to the top of the hot flare loops seen in the AIA 131 Å images, where the emission is observed to be at rest and thermal. Emission measure estimates from IRIS/EIS/AIA observations during the gradual phase show isothermal loop top structures cooling from about 13.5 to 12 MK with electron densities of the order of ∼ 5-6× {{10}10} c{{m}-3}. Title: Homologous Helical Jets: Observations By IRIS, SDO, and Hinode and Magnetic Modeling With Data-Driven Simulations Authors: Cheung, Mark C. M.; De Pontieu, B.; Tarbell, T. D.; Fu, Y.; Tian, H.; Testa, P.; Reeves, K. K.; Martínez-Sykora, J.; Boerner, P.; Wülser, J. P.; Lemen, J.; Title, A. M.; Hurlburt, N.; Kleint, L.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Saar, S.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...801...83C Altcode: 2015arXiv150101593C We report on observations of recurrent jets by instruments on board the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), and Hinode spacecraft. Over a 4 hr period on 2013 July 21, recurrent coronal jets were observed to emanate from NOAA Active Region 11793. Far-ultraviolet spectra probing plasma at transition region temperatures show evidence of oppositely directed flows with components reaching Doppler velocities of ±100 km s-1. Raster Doppler maps using a Si iv transition region line show all four jets to have helical motion of the same sense. Simultaneous observations of the region by SDO and Hinode show that the jets emanate from a source region comprising a pore embedded in the interior of a supergranule. The parasitic pore has opposite polarity flux compared to the surrounding network field. This leads to a spine-fan magnetic topology in the coronal field that is amenable to jet formation. Time-dependent data-driven simulations are used to investigate the underlying drivers for the jets. These numerical experiments show that the emergence of current-carrying magnetic field in the vicinity of the pore supplies the magnetic twist needed for recurrent helical jet formation. Title: IRIS Observations of Magnetic Reconnection and Chromospheric Evaporation in a Solar Flare Authors: Tian, H.; Li, G.; Reeves, K.; Raymond, J. C.; Guo, F. Bibcode: 2014AGUFMSH23A4145T Altcode: NASA's IRIS mission has observed signatures of the Fe XXI 1354 line in tens of solar flares. In many of them, large blue shifts were identified, supporting the scenario of chromospheric evaporation in postflare loops. In the standard CSHKP flare model, the postflare loops are a natual consequence of magnetic reconnection occurring at the flare site. The CSHKP model also predicts downflow (and upflow) plasma having a speed close to the Alfven speed. Yet, to date there were no observations of fast moving downflow plasma in flares. Here, we report the first detection of large red shift (~200 km/s along line of sight) of the Fe XXI line with IRIS. Combined imaging and spectroscopic observations of IRIS, together with SDO/AIA and RHESSI observations, reveal that the redshifted Fe XXI feature co-located with the loop-top hard X-Ray source and above the retracting loops. We intepret this large redshift as signature of downward moving reconnection outflow/retracting loops. Possible flux rope eruption and reconnection inflows are also observed. Furthermore, we found that the entire Fe XXI line is blueshifted by ~250 km/s at the loop footpoints. Cool lines of Si IV, O IV, C II and Mg II all show obvious redshift at the same locations, consistent with the scenario of chromospheric evaporation. The map of electron temperature reconstructed from SDO/AIA observations shows that the locations of ~10MK temperature generally coincide with the observed Fe XXI feature very well. Hard X-rays up to ~100keV were found from RHESSI observations, indicating an efficient electron acceleration process in this event. Title: Hinode, SDO AIA, and CoMP Observations of a Coronal Cavity with a Hot Core Authors: Reeves, K.; Jibben, P. Bibcode: 2014AGUFMSH13A4067R Altcode: Coronal cavities are low emission regions often situated around quiescent prominences. Prominences may exist for days or months prior to eruption and the magnetic structure of the cavity during the quiescent period is important to understanding the pre-eruption phase. We describe observations of a coronal cavity with a hot core situated above a polar crown prominence. The cavity, visible on the southwest limb, was observed for a period of three hours as a Hinode Coordinated Observation (HOP 114). Using Hinode's X-ray Telescope (XRT) and EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) we present the thermal emission properties and coronal velocity structures of the cavity. We find the core has hotter temperatures than the surrounding plasma and there is evidence of turbulent velocities within the cavity. We also investigate the interaction of the cavity with the prominence material using Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) data and H-alpha data from Hinode's Solar Optical Telescope (SOT). We find evidence of hot plasma at the spine of the prominence reaching into the cavity. These observations suggest a cylindrical flux tube best represents the cavity structure. The magnetic structure of the cavity is further discussed using data from the Coronal Multichannel Polarimeter (CoMP). This work is supported by under contract SP02H1701R from Lockheed-Martin to SAO, contract NNM07AB07C from NASA to SAO and grant number NNX12AI30G from NASA to SAO. Title: Prevalence of Micro-Jets from the Network Structures of the Solar Transition Region and Chromosphere Authors: DeLuca, E. E.; Tian, H.; Cranmer, S. R.; Reeves, K.; Miralles, M. P.; McCauley, P.; McKillop, S. Bibcode: 2014AGUFMSH51C4180D Altcode: IRIS observations in the 1330Å, 1400Å and 2796Å passbands have revealed numerous small-scale jet-like features with speeds of ~80-250 km/s from the chromospheric network. These network jets occur in both the quiet Sun and coronal holes. Their widths are often ~300 km or less. Many of these jets show up as elongated features with enhanced line width in maps obtained with transition region (TR) lines, suggesting that these jets reach at least TR temperatures and they constitute an important element of TR structures. The ubiquitous presence of these high-reaching (often >10 Mm) jets also suggests that they may play a crucial role in the mass and energy budgets of the corona and solar wind. The generation of these jets in the network and the accompanying Alfven waves is also consistent with the "magnetic furnace model" of solar wind proposed by Axford & McKenzie (1992). The large speeds (greater than sound speed) suggest that the Lorentz force (perhaps related to reconnection) must play an important role in the generation and propagation of the network jets. We believe that many network jets are the on-disk counterparts and TR manifestation of type-II spicules. Title: Thermal Structure and Dynamics in Supra-arcade Downflows and Flare Plasma Sheets Authors: Reeves, K.; Hanneman, W.; Freed, M.; McKenzie, D. E. Bibcode: 2014AGUFMSM44B..01R Altcode: During a long duration solar flare, a hot plasma sheet is commonly formed above the flare loops. Often produced within this sheet are down-flowing voids referred to as supra-arcade downflows, thought to be the products of a patchy reconnection process. Models differ on the question of whether the downflows should be hotter than the surrounding plasma or not. We use imaging data from Hinode/XRT and SDO/AIA to determine the thermal structure of the plasma sheet and downflows. We find that the temperatures of the plasma within the downflows are either roughly the same as or lower than the surrounding fan plasma. This result implies that a mechanism for forming the voids that involves a sunward directed hydrodynamic shock pattern combined with perpendicular magnetic shock is unlikely. Additionally, we use the high cadence AIA data to trace the velocity fields in these regions through the use of a local correlation tracking algorithm. Through these measurements, we can determine areas of diverging velocity fields, as well as velocity shear fields and correlate them with temperature changes in order to understand the heating mechanisms in the plasma sheet. This work is supported by under contract SP02H1701R from Lockheed-Martin to SAO, contract NNM07AB07C from NASA to SAO and NASA grant numbers NNX13AG54G and NNX14AD43G Title: Mass and energy of erupting plasma associated with coronal mass ejections in X-rays and EUV Authors: Lee, J. Y.; Raymond, J. C.; Reeves, K.; Moon, Y. J.; Kim, K. S. Bibcode: 2014AGUFMSH53D..03L Altcode: We investigate the mass and energy of erupting plasma observed in X-ray and EUV, which are associated with both coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and X-ray flares. Hinode/XRT observed the erupting hot plasma in a few passbands, which allows us to determine the temperature of the plasma using a filter ratio method. SDO/AIA observed the erupting plasma in EUV passbands. We estimate the temperatures and emission measures of the erupting plasma in EUV using a differential emission measure method. One of these observations shows eruptive plasma with a loop-like structure in X-ray and EUV. The temperature of the erupting plasma in X-ray is about 13 MK by the filter ratio method. The estimated mass of this erupting plasma in X-ray is similar to that in EUV. In addition, we estimate the radiative loss, thermal conduction, thermal, and kinetic energies of the eruptive hot plasma in X-rays. We find that the thermal conduction time scale is much shorter than the duration of eruption. This result implies that additional heating during the eruption may be required to explain the hot plasma observations in X-rays. A couple of events are associated with the eruptions of prominences as absorption features in EUV in addition to hot plasma eruption. One event shows that the absorption features change to emission features at the beginning of their eruptions in all EUV wavelengths of SDO/AIA. By estimating the energy budget of the erupting plasmas, we discuss the heating of the plasmas associated with coronal mass ejections in the low corona. Title: Hot explosions in the cool atmosphere of the Sun Authors: Peter, H.; Tian, H.; Curdt, W.; Schmit, D.; Innes, D.; De Pontieu, B.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wuelser, J. P.; Martínez-Sykora, Juan; Kleint, L.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K. K.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346C.315P Altcode: 2014arXiv1410.5842P The solar atmosphere was traditionally represented with a simple one-dimensional model. Over the past few decades, this paradigm shifted for the chromosphere and corona that constitute the outer atmosphere, which is now considered a dynamic structured envelope. Recent observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveal that it is difficult to determine what is up and down, even in the cool 6000-kelvin photosphere just above the solar surface: This region hosts pockets of hot plasma transiently heated to almost 100,000 kelvin. The energy to heat and accelerate the plasma requires a considerable fraction of the energy from flares, the largest solar disruptions. These IRIS observations not only confirm that the photosphere is more complex than conventionally thought, but also provide insight into the energy conversion in the process of magnetic reconnection. Title: The unresolved fine structure resolved: IRIS observations of the solar transition region Authors: Hansteen, V.; De Pontieu, B.; Carlsson, M.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wuelser, J. P.; Pereira, T. M. D.; De Luca, E. E.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Tian, H.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S.; Kleint, L.; Martínez-Sykora, J. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346E.315H Altcode: 2014arXiv1412.3611H The heating of the outer solar atmospheric layers, i.e., the transition region and corona, to high temperatures is a long-standing problem in solar (and stellar) physics. Solutions have been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the magnetically controlled structure of these regions. The high spatial and temporal resolution observations with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) at the solar limb reveal a plethora of short, low-lying loops or loop segments at transition-region temperatures that vary rapidly, on the time scales of minutes. We argue that the existence of these loops solves a long-standing observational mystery. At the same time, based on comparison with numerical models, this detection sheds light on a critical piece of the coronal heating puzzle. Title: Evidence of nonthermal particles in coronal loops heated impulsively by nanoflares Authors: Testa, P.; De Pontieu, B.; Allred, J.; Carlsson, M.; Reale, F.; Daw, A.; Hansteen, V.; Martinez-Sykora, J.; Liu, W.; DeLuca, E. E.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K.; Saar, S.; Tian, H.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wuelser, J. P.; Kleint, L.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346B.315T Altcode: 2014arXiv1410.6130T The physical processes causing energy exchange between the Sun’s hot corona and its cool lower atmosphere remain poorly understood. The chromosphere and transition region (TR) form an interface region between the surface and the corona that is highly sensitive to the coronal heating mechanism. High-resolution observations with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveal rapid variability (~20 to 60 seconds) of intensity and velocity on small spatial scales (≲500 kilometers) at the footpoints of hot and dynamic coronal loops. The observations are consistent with numerical simulations of heating by beams of nonthermal electrons, which are generated in small impulsive (≲30 seconds) heating events called “coronal nanoflares.” The accelerated electrons deposit a sizable fraction of their energy (≲1025 erg) in the chromosphere and TR. Our analysis provides tight constraints on the properties of such electron beams and new diagnostics for their presence in the nonflaring corona. Title: Prevalence of small-scale jets from the networks of the solar transition region and chromosphere Authors: Tian, H.; DeLuca, E. E.; Cranmer, S. R.; De Pontieu, B.; Peter, H.; Martínez-Sykora, J.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K. K.; Miralles, M. P.; McCauley, P.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Weber, M.; Murphy, N.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wuelser, J. P.; Kleint, L.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V.; McIntosh, S. W. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346A.315T Altcode: 2014arXiv1410.6143T As the interface between the Sun’s photosphere and corona, the chromosphere and transition region play a key role in the formation and acceleration of the solar wind. Observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph reveal the prevalence of intermittent small-scale jets with speeds of 80 to 250 kilometers per second from the narrow bright network lanes of this interface region. These jets have lifetimes of 20 to 80 seconds and widths of ≤300 kilometers. They originate from small-scale bright regions, often preceded by footpoint brightenings and accompanied by transverse waves with amplitudes of ~20 kilometers per second. Many jets reach temperatures of at least ~105 kelvin and constitute an important element of the transition region structures. They are likely an intermittent but persistent source of mass and energy for the solar wind. Title: On the prevalence of small-scale twist in the solar chromosphere and transition region Authors: De Pontieu, B.; Rouppe van der Voort, L.; McIntosh, S. W.; Pereira, T. M. D.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V.; Skogsrud, H.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wuelser, J. P.; De Luca, E. E.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Tian, H.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S.; Kleint, L.; Martinez-Sykora, J. Bibcode: 2014Sci...346D.315D Altcode: 2014arXiv1410.6862D The solar chromosphere and transition region (TR) form an interface between the Sun’s surface and its hot outer atmosphere. There, most of the nonthermal energy that powers the solar atmosphere is transformed into heat, although the detailed mechanism remains elusive. High-resolution (0.33-arc second) observations with NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveal a chromosphere and TR that are replete with twist or torsional motions on sub-arc second scales, occurring in active regions, quiet Sun regions, and coronal holes alike. We coordinated observations with the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope (SST) to quantify these twisting motions and their association with rapid heating to at least TR temperatures. This view of the interface region provides insight into what heats the low solar atmosphere. Title: An Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph First View on Solar Spicules Authors: Pereira, T. M. D.; De Pontieu, B.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V.; Tarbell, T. D.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Wülser, J. P.; Martínez-Sykora, J.; Kleint, L.; Golub, L.; McKillop, S.; Reeves, K. K.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Tian, H.; Jaeggli, S.; Kankelborg, C. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...792L..15P Altcode: 2014arXiv1407.6360P Solar spicules have eluded modelers and observers for decades. Since the discovery of the more energetic type II, spicules have become a heated topic but their contribution to the energy balance of the low solar atmosphere remains unknown. Here we give a first glimpse of what quiet-Sun spicules look like when observed with NASA's recently launched Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Using IRIS spectra and filtergrams that sample the chromosphere and transition region, we compare the properties and evolution of spicules as observed in a coordinated campaign with Hinode and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. Our IRIS observations allow us to follow the thermal evolution of type II spicules and finally confirm that the fading of Ca II H spicules appears to be caused by rapid heating to higher temperatures. The IRIS spicules do not fade but continue evolving, reaching higher and falling back down after 500-800 s. Ca II H type II spicules are thus the initial stages of violent and hotter events that mostly remain invisible in Ca II H filtergrams. These events have very different properties from type I spicules, which show lower velocities and no fading from chromospheric passbands. The IRIS spectra of spicules show the same signature as their proposed disk counterparts, reinforcing earlier work. Spectroheliograms from spectral rasters also confirm that quiet-Sun spicules originate in bushes from the magnetic network. Our results suggest that type II spicules are indeed the site of vigorous heating (to at least transition region temperatures) along extensive parts of the upward moving spicular plasma. Title: The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) Authors: De Pontieu, B.; Title, A. M.; Lemen, J. R.; Kushner, G. D.; Akin, D. J.; Allard, B.; Berger, T.; Boerner, P.; Cheung, M.; Chou, C.; Drake, J. F.; Duncan, D. W.; Freeland, S.; Heyman, G. F.; Hoffman, C.; Hurlburt, N. E.; Lindgren, R. W.; Mathur, D.; Rehse, R.; Sabolish, D.; Seguin, R.; Schrijver, C. J.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wülser, J. -P.; Wolfson, C. J.; Yanari, C.; Mudge, J.; Nguyen-Phuc, N.; Timmons, R.; van Bezooijen, R.; Weingrod, I.; Brookner, R.; Butcher, G.; Dougherty, B.; Eder, J.; Knagenhjelm, V.; Larsen, S.; Mansir, D.; Phan, L.; Boyle, P.; Cheimets, P. N.; DeLuca, E. E.; Golub, L.; Gates, R.; Hertz, E.; McKillop, S.; Park, S.; Perry, T.; Podgorski, W. A.; Reeves, K.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Tian, H.; Weber, M.; Dunn, C.; Eccles, S.; Jaeggli, S. A.; Kankelborg, C. C.; Mashburn, K.; Pust, N.; Springer, L.; Carvalho, R.; Kleint, L.; Marmie, J.; Mazmanian, E.; Pereira, T. M. D.; Sawyer, S.; Strong, J.; Worden, S. P.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V. H.; Leenaarts, J.; Wiesmann, M.; Aloise, J.; Chu, K. -C.; Bush, R. I.; Scherrer, P. H.; Brekke, P.; Martinez-Sykora, J.; Lites, B. W.; McIntosh, S. W.; Uitenbroek, H.; Okamoto, T. J.; Gummin, M. A.; Auker, G.; Jerram, P.; Pool, P.; Waltham, N. Bibcode: 2014SoPh..289.2733D Altcode: 2014arXiv1401.2491D; 2014SoPh..tmp...25D The Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) small explorer spacecraft provides simultaneous spectra and images of the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona with 0.33 - 0.4 arcsec spatial resolution, two-second temporal resolution, and 1 km s−1 velocity resolution over a field-of-view of up to 175 arcsec × 175 arcsec. IRIS was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit on 27 June 2013 using a Pegasus-XL rocket and consists of a 19-cm UV telescope that feeds a slit-based dual-bandpass imaging spectrograph. IRIS obtains spectra in passbands from 1332 - 1358 Å, 1389 - 1407 Å, and 2783 - 2834 Å, including bright spectral lines formed in the chromosphere (Mg II h 2803 Å and Mg II k 2796 Å) and transition region (C II 1334/1335 Å and Si IV 1394/1403 Å). Slit-jaw images in four different passbands (C II 1330, Si IV 1400, Mg II k 2796, and Mg II wing 2830 Å) can be taken simultaneously with spectral rasters that sample regions up to 130 arcsec × 175 arcsec at a variety of spatial samplings (from 0.33 arcsec and up). IRIS is sensitive to emission from plasma at temperatures between 5000 K and 10 MK and will advance our understanding of the flow of mass and energy through an interface region, formed by the chromosphere and transition region, between the photosphere and corona. This highly structured and dynamic region not only acts as the conduit of all mass and energy feeding into the corona and solar wind, it also requires an order of magnitude more energy to heat than the corona and solar wind combined. The IRIS investigation includes a strong numerical modeling component based on advanced radiative-MHD codes to facilitate interpretation of observations of this complex region. Approximately eight Gbytes of data (after compression) are acquired by IRIS each day and made available for unrestricted use within a few days of the observation. Title: Detection of Supersonic Downflows and Associated Heating Events in the Transition Region above Sunspots Authors: Kleint, L.; Antolin, P.; Tian, H.; Judge, P.; Testa, P.; De Pontieu, B.; Martínez-Sykora, J.; Reeves, K. K.; Wuelser, J. P.; McKillop, S.; Saar, S.; Carlsson, M.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Lemen, J.; Tarbell, T. D.; Title, A.; Golub, L.; Hansteen, V.; Jaeggli, S.; Kankelborg, C. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...789L..42K Altcode: 2014arXiv1406.6816K Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph data allow us to study the solar transition region (TR) with an unprecedented spatial resolution of 0.''33. On 2013 August 30, we observed bursts of high Doppler shifts suggesting strong supersonic downflows of up to 200 km s-1 and weaker, slightly slower upflows in the spectral lines Mg II h and k, C II 1336, Si IV 1394 Å, and 1403 Å, that are correlated with brightenings in the slitjaw images (SJIs). The bursty behavior lasts throughout the 2 hr observation, with average burst durations of about 20 s. The locations of these short-lived events appear to be the umbral and penumbral footpoints of EUV loops. Fast apparent downflows are observed along these loops in the SJIs and in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly, suggesting that the loops are thermally unstable. We interpret the observations as cool material falling from coronal heights, and especially coronal rain produced along the thermally unstable loops, which leads to an increase of intensity at the loop footpoints, probably indicating an increase of density and temperature in the TR. The rain speeds are on the higher end of previously reported speeds for this phenomenon, and possibly higher than the free-fall velocity along the loops. On other observing days, similar bright dots are sometimes aligned into ribbons, resembling small flare ribbons. These observations provide a first insight into small-scale heating events in sunspots in the TR. Title: Search for Invisible Decays of a Higgs Boson Produced in Association with a Z Boson in ATLAS Authors: Aad, G.; Abajyan, T.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdinov, O.; Aben, R.; Abi, B.; Abolins, M.; Abouzeid, O. S.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Addy, T. N.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Aefsky, S.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Agustoni, M.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimoto, G.; Akimov, A. V.; Alam, M. A.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alessandria, F.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexandre, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alio, L.; Alison, J.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allison, L. J.; Allport, P. P.; Allwood-Spiers, S. E.; Almond, J.; Aloisio, A.; Alon, R.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Altheimer, A.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amako, K.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Ammosov, V. V.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amram, N.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, G.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Anduaga, X. S.; Angelidakis, S.; Anger, P.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antonaki, A.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antos, J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Apolle, R.; Arabidze, G.; Aracena, I.; Arai, Y.; Arce, A. T. H.; Arguin, J. -F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, E.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. 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C.; Dano Hoffmann, M.; Dao, V.; Darbo, G.; Darlea, G. L.; Darmora, S.; Dassoulas, J. A.; Davey, W.; David, C.; Davidek, T.; Davies, E.; Davies, M.; Davignon, O.; Davison, A. R.; Davygora, Y.; Dawe, E.; Dawson, I.; Daya-Ishmukhametova, R. K.; de, K.; de Asmundis, R.; de Castro, S.; de Cecco, S.; de Graat, J.; de Groot, N.; de Jong, P.; de La Taille, C.; de la Torre, H.; de Lorenzi, F.; de Nooij, L.; de Pedis, D.; de Salvo, A.; de Sanctis, U.; de Santo, A.; de Vivie de Regie, J. B.; de Zorzi, G.; Dearnaley, W. J.; Debbe, R.; Debenedetti, C.; Dechenaux, B.; Dedovich, D. V.; Degenhardt, J.; Deigaard, I.; Del Peso, J.; Del Prete, T.; Delemontex, T.; Deliot, F.; Deliyergiyev, M.; Dell'Acqua, A.; Dell'Asta, L.; Della Pietra, M.; Della Volpe, D.; Delmastro, M.; Delsart, P. A.; Deluca, C.; Demers, S.; Demichev, M.; Demilly, A.; Demirkoz, B.; Denisov, S. P.; Derendarz, D.; Derkaoui, J. E.; Derue, F.; Dervan, P.; Desch, K.; Deviveiros, P. 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C.; Ehrenfeld, W.; Eifert, T.; Eigen, G.; Einsweiler, K.; Ekelof, T.; El Kacimi, M.; Ellert, M.; Elles, S.; Ellinghaus, F.; Ellis, K.; Ellis, N.; Elmsheuser, J.; Elsing, M.; Emeliyanov, D.; Enari, Y.; Endner, O. C.; Endo, M.; Engelmann, R.; Erdmann, J.; Ereditato, A.; Eriksson, D.; Ernis, G.; Ernst, J.; Ernst, M.; Ernwein, J.; Errede, D.; Errede, S.; Ertel, E.; Escalier, M.; Esch, H.; Escobar, C.; Espinal Curull, X.; Esposito, B.; Etienne, F.; Etienvre, A. I.; Etzion, E.; Evangelakou, D.; Evans, H.; Fabbri, L.; Facini, G.; Fakhrutdinov, R. M.; Falciano, S.; Fang, Y.; Fanti, M.; Farbin, A.; Farilla, A.; Farooque, T.; Farrell, S.; Farrington, S. M.; Farthouat, P.; Fassi, F.; Fassnacht, P.; Fassouliotis, D.; Fatholahzadeh, B.; Favareto, A.; Fayard, L.; Federic, P.; Fedin, O. L.; Fedorko, W.; Fehling-Kaschek, M.; Feigl, S.; Feligioni, L.; Feng, C.; Feng, E. J.; Feng, H.; Fenyuk, A. B.; Fernando, W.; Ferrag, S.; Ferrando, J.; Ferrara, V.; Ferrari, A.; Ferrari, P.; Ferrari, R.; Ferreira de Lima, D. E.; Ferrer, A.; Ferrere, D.; Ferretti, C.; Ferretto Parodi, A.; Fiascaris, M.; Fiedler, F.; Filipčič, A.; Filipuzzi, M.; Filthaut, F.; Fincke-Keeler, M.; Finelli, K. D.; Fiolhais, M. C. N.; Fiorini, L.; Firan, A.; Fischer, J.; Fisher, M. J.; Fitzgerald, E. A.; Flechl, M.; Fleck, I.; Fleischmann, P.; Fleischmann, S.; Fletcher, G. T.; Fletcher, G.; Flick, T.; Floderus, A.; Flores Castillo, L. R.; Florez Bustos, A. C.; Flowerdew, M. J.; Formica, A.; Forti, A.; Fortin, D.; Fournier, D.; Fox, H.; Francavilla, P.; Franchini, M.; Franchino, S.; Francis, D.; Franklin, M.; Franz, S.; Fraternali, M.; Fratina, S.; French, S. T.; Friedrich, C.; Friedrich, F.; Froidevaux, D.; Frost, J. A.; Fukunaga, C.; Fullana Torregrosa, E.; Fulsom, B. G.; Fuster, J.; Gabaldon, C.; Gabizon, O.; Gabrielli, A.; Gabrielli, A.; Gadatsch, S.; Gadfort, T.; Gadomski, S.; Gagliardi, G.; Gagnon, P.; Galea, C.; Galhardo, B.; Gallas, E. J.; Gallo, V.; Gallop, B. J.; Gallus, P.; Galster, G.; Gan, K. K.; Gandrajula, R. P.; Gao, J.; Gao, Y. S.; Garay Walls, F. M.; Garberson, F.; García, C.; García Navarro, J. E.; Garcia-Sciveres, M.; Gardner, R. W.; Garelli, N.; Garonne, V.; Gatti, C.; Gaudio, G.; Gaur, B.; Gauthier, L.; Gauzzi, P.; Gavrilenko, I. L.; Gay, C.; Gaycken, G.; Gazis, E. N.; Ge, P.; Gecse, Z.; Gee, C. N. P.; Geerts, D. A. A.; Geich-Gimbel, Ch.; Gellerstedt, K.; Gemme, C.; Gemmell, A.; Genest, M. H.; Gentile, S.; George, M.; George, S.; Gerbaudo, D.; Gershon, A.; Ghazlane, H.; Ghodbane, N.; Giacobbe, B.; Giagu, S.; Giangiobbe, V.; Giannetti, P.; Gianotti, F.; Gibbard, B.; Gibson, S. M.; Gilchriese, M.; Gillam, T. P. S.; Gillberg, D.; Gillman, A. R.; Gingrich, D. M.; Giokaris, N.; Giordani, M. P.; Giordano, R.; Giorgi, F. M.; Giovannini, P.; Giraud, P. F.; Giugni, D.; Giuliani, C.; Giunta, M.; Gjelsten, B. K.; Gkialas, I.; Gladilin, L. K.; Glasman, C.; Glatzer, J.; Glazov, A.; Glonti, G. L.; Goblirsch-Kolb, M.; Goddard, J. R.; Godfrey, J.; Godlewski, J.; Goeringer, C.; Goldfarb, S.; Golling, T.; Golubkov, D.; Gomes, A.; Gomez Fajardo, L. S.; Gonçalo, R.; Goncalves Pinto Firmino da Costa, J.; Gonella, L.; González de La Hoz, S.; Gonzalez Parra, G.; Gonzalez Silva, M. L.; Gonzalez-Sevilla, S.; Goossens, L.; Gorbounov, P. A.; Gordon, H. A.; Gorelov, I.; Gorfine, G.; Gorini, B.; Gorini, E.; Gorišek, A.; Gornicki, E.; Goshaw, A. T.; Gössling, C.; Gostkin, M. I.; Gouighri, M.; Goujdami, D.; Goulette, M. P.; Goussiou, A. G.; Goy, C.; Gozpinar, S.; Grabas, H. M. X.; Graber, L.; Grabowska-Bold, I.; Grafström, P.; Grahn, K. -J.; Gramling, J.; Gramstad, E.; Grancagnolo, F.; Grancagnolo, S.; Grassi, V.; Gratchev, V.; Gray, H. M.; Gray, J. A.; Graziani, E.; Grebenyuk, O. G.; Greenwood, Z. 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S.; Wenaus, T.; Wendland, D.; Weng, Z.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; White, S.; Whiteson, D.; Whittington, D.; Wicke, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wijeratne, P. A.; Wildauer, A.; Wildt, M. A.; Wilkens, H. G.; Will, J. Z.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, W.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wilson, A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winkelmann, S.; Winklmeier, F.; Wittgen, M.; Wittig, T.; Wittkowski, J.; Wollstadt, S. J.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Wong, W. C.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wraight, K.; Wright, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wulf, E.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xiao, M.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yamada, M.; Yamaguchi, H.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamamura, T.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Y.; Yanush, S.; Yao, L.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Yau Wong, K. H.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yen, A. L.; Yildirim, E.; Yilmaz, M.; Yoosoofmiya, R.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J. M.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yurkewicz, A.; Zabinski, B.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanello, L.; Zanzi, D.; Zaytsev, A.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zengel, K.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zevi Della Porta, G.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, S.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zitoun, R.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zur Nedden, M.; Zurzolo, G.; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; Atlas Collaboration Bibcode: 2014PhRvL.112t1802A Altcode: 2014arXiv1402.3244A A search for evidence of invisible-particle decay modes of a Higgs boson produced in association with a Z boson at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. No deviation from the standard model expectation is observed in 4.5 fb-1 (20.3 fb-1) of 7 (8) TeV pp collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment. Assuming the standard model rate for ZH production, an upper limit of 75%, at the 95% confidence level is set on the branching ratio to invisible-particle decay modes of the Higgs boson at a mass of 125.5 GeV. The limit on the branching ratio is also interpreted in terms of an upper limit on the allowed dark matter-nucleon scattering cross section within a Higgs-portal dark matter scenario. Within the constraints of such a scenario, the results presented in this Letter provide the strongest available limits for low-mass dark matter candidates. Limits are also set on an additional neutral Higgs boson, in the mass range 110<mH<400 GeV, produced in association with a Z boson and decaying to invisible particles. Title: High-resolution Observations of the Shock Wave Behavior for Sunspot Oscillations with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph Authors: Tian, H.; DeLuca, E.; Reeves, K. K.; McKillop, S.; De Pontieu, B.; Martínez-Sykora, J.; Carlsson, M.; Hansteen, V.; Kleint, L.; Cheung, M.; Golub, L.; Saar, S.; Testa, P.; Weber, M.; Lemen, J.; Title, A.; Boerner, P.; Hurlburt, N.; Tarbell, T. D.; Wuelser, J. P.; Kankelborg, C.; Jaeggli, S.; McIntosh, S. W. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...786..137T Altcode: 2014arXiv1404.6291T We present the first results of sunspot oscillations from observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. The strongly nonlinear oscillation is identified in both the slit-jaw images and the spectra of several emission lines formed in the transition region and chromosphere. We first apply a single Gaussian fit to the profiles of the Mg II 2796.35 Å, C II 1335.71 Å, and Si IV 1393.76 Å lines in the sunspot. The intensity change is ~30%. The Doppler shift oscillation reveals a sawtooth pattern with an amplitude of ~10 km s-1 in Si IV. The Si IV oscillation lags those of C II and Mg II by ~3 and ~12 s, respectively. The line width suddenly increases as the Doppler shift changes from redshift to blueshift. However, we demonstrate that this increase is caused by the superposition of two emission components. We then perform detailed analysis of the line profiles at a few selected locations on the slit. The temporal evolution of the line core is dominated by the following behavior: a rapid excursion to the blue side, accompanied by an intensity increase, followed by a linear decrease of the velocity to the red side. The maximum intensity slightly lags the maximum blueshift in Si IV, whereas the intensity enhancement slightly precedes the maximum blueshift in Mg II. We find a positive correlation between the maximum velocity and deceleration, a result that is consistent with numerical simulations of upward propagating magnetoacoustic shock waves. Title: An MHD Model for Magnetar Giant Flares Authors: Meng, Y.; Lin, J.; Zhang, L.; Reeves, K. K.; Zhang, Q. S.; Yuan, F. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...785...62M Altcode: 2014arXiv1402.5824M Giant flares on soft gamma-ray repeaters that are thought to take place on magnetars release enormous energy in a short time interval. Their power can be explained by catastrophic instabilities occurring in the magnetic field configuration and the subsequent magnetic reconnection. By analogy with the coronal mass ejection events on the Sun, we develop a theoretical model via an analytic approach for magnetar giant flares. In this model, the rotation and/or displacement of the crust causes the field to twist and deform, leading to flux rope formation in the magnetosphere and energy accumulation in the related configuration. When the energy and helicity stored in the configuration reach a threshold, the system loses its equilibrium, the flux rope is ejected outward in a catastrophic way, and magnetic reconnection helps the catastrophe develop to a plausible eruption. By taking SGR 1806-20 as an example, we calculate the free magnetic energy released in such an eruptive process and find that it is more than 1047 erg, which is enough to power a giant flare. The released free magnetic energy is converted into radiative energy, kinetic energy, and gravitational energy of the flux rope. We calculated the light curves of the eruptive processes for the giant flares of SGR 1806-20, SGR 0526-66, and SGR 1900+14, and compared them with the observational data. The calculated light curves are in good agreement with the observed light curves of giant flares. Title: Coronal-Temperature-Diagnostic Capability of the Hinode/ X-Ray Telescope Based on Self-consistent Calibration. II. Calibration with On-Orbit Data Authors: Narukage, N.; Sakao, T.; Kano, R.; Shimojo, M.; Winebarger, A.; Weber, M.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2014SoPh..289.1029N Altcode: 2013arXiv1307.4489N The X-Ray Telescope (XRT) onboard the Hinode satellite is an X-ray imager that observes the solar corona with the capability of diagnosing coronal temperatures from less than 1 MK to more than 10 MK. To make full use of this capability, Narukage et al. (Solar Phys.269, 169, 2011) determined the thickness of each of the X-ray focal-plane analysis filters based on calibration measurements from the ground-based end-to-end test. However, in their paper, the calibration of the thicker filters for observations of active regions and flares, namely the med-Be, med-Al, thick-Al and thick-Be filters, was insufficient due to the insufficient X-ray flux used in the measurements. In this work, we recalibrate those thicker filters using quiescent active region data taken with multiple filters of XRT. On the basis of our updated calibration results, we present the revised coronal-temperature-diagnostic capability of XRT. Title: Search for Dark Matter in Events with a Hadronically Decaying W or Z Boson and Missing Transverse Momentum in pp Collisions at √s =8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector Authors: Aad, G.; Abajyan, T.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; Abdel Khalek, S.; Abdinov, O.; Aben, R.; Abi, B.; Abolins, M.; Abouzeid, O. S.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adams, D. L.; Addy, T. N.; Adelman, J.; Adomeit, S.; Adye, T.; Aefsky, S.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Agustoni, M.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmad, A.; Ahmadov, F.; Ahsan, M.; Aielli, G.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akimoto, G.; Akimov, A. V.; Alam, M. A.; Albert, J.; Albrand, S.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alessandria, F.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexandre, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alio, L.; Alison, J.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allison, L. J.; Allport, P. P.; Allwood-Spiers, S. E.; Almond, J.; Aloisio, A.; Alon, R.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Altheimer, A.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amako, K.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Ammosov, V. V.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amorim, A.; Amoroso, S.; Amram, N.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, G.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Anduaga, X. S.; Angelidakis, S.; Anger, P.; Angerami, A.; Anghinolfi, F.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antonaki, A.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antos, J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Apolle, R.; Arabidze, G.; Aracena, I.; Arai, Y.; Arce, A. T. H.; Arfaoui, S.; Arguin, J. -F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, E.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnal, V.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ask, S.; Åsman, B.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Astbury, A.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Auerbach, B.; Auge, E.; Augsten, K.; Aurousseau, M.; Avolio, G.; Azuelos, G.; Azuma, Y.; Baak, M. A.; Bacci, C.; Bach, A. M.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Backhaus, M.; Backus Mayes, J.; Badescu, E.; Bagiacchi, P.; Bagnaia, P.; Bai, Y.; Bailey, D. C.; Bain, T.; Baines, J. T.; Baker, O. K.; Baker, S.; Balek, P.; Balli, F.; Banas, E.; Banerjee, Sw.; Banfi, D.; Bangert, A.; Bansal, V.; Bansil, H. S.; Barak, L.; Baranov, S. P.; Barber, T.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Bardin, D. Y.; Barillari, T.; Barisonzi, M.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Barreiro, F.; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartsch, V.; Bassalat, A.; Basye, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batkova, L.; Batley, J. R.; Battistin, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Beccherle, R.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Becker, K.; Becker, S.; Beckingham, M.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bedikian, S.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bee, C. P.; Beemster, L. J.; Beermann, T. A.; Begel, M.; Behr, K.; Belanger-Champagne, C.; Bell, P. J.; Bell, W. H.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belloni, A.; Beloborodova, O. L.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bendtz, K.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Benhar Noccioli, E.; Benitez Garcia, J. A.; Benjamin, D. P.; Bensinger, J. 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A.; Shushkevich, S.; Sicho, P.; Sidorov, D.; Sidoti, A.; Siegert, F.; Sijacki, Dj.; Silbert, O.; Silva, J.; Silver, Y.; Silverstein, D.; Silverstein, S. B.; Simak, V.; Simard, O.; Simic, Lj.; Simion, S.; Simioni, E.; Simmons, B.; Simoniello, R.; Simonyan, M.; Sinervo, P.; Sinev, N. B.; Sipica, V.; Siragusa, G.; Sircar, A.; Sisakyan, A. N.; Sivoklokov, S. Yu.; Sjölin, J.; Sjursen, T. B.; Skinnari, L. A.; Skottowe, H. P.; Skovpen, K. Yu.; Skubic, P.; Slater, M.; Slavicek, T.; Sliwa, K.; Smakhtin, V.; Smart, B. H.; Smestad, L.; Smirnov, S. Yu.; Smirnov, Y.; Smirnova, L. N.; Smirnova, O.; Smith, K. M.; Smizanska, M.; Smolek, K.; Snesarev, A. A.; Snidero, G.; Snow, J.; Snyder, S.; Sobie, R.; Socher, F.; Sodomka, J.; Soffer, A.; Soh, D. A.; Solans, C. A.; Solar, M.; Solc, J.; Soldatov, E. Yu.; Soldevila, U.; Solfaroli Camillocci, E.; Solodkov, A. A.; Solovyanov, O. V.; Solovyev, V.; Soni, N.; Sood, A.; Sopko, V.; Sopko, B.; Sosebee, M.; Soualah, R.; Soueid, P.; Soukharev, A. M.; South, D.; Spagnolo, S.; Spanò, F.; Spearman, W. R.; Spighi, R.; Spigo, G.; Spousta, M.; Spreitzer, T.; Spurlock, B.; St. Denis, R. D.; Stahlman, J.; Stamen, R.; Stanecka, E.; Stanek, R. W.; Stanescu, C.; Stanescu-Bellu, M.; Stanitzki, M. M.; Stapnes, S.; Starchenko, E. A.; Stark, J.; Staroba, P.; Starovoitov, P.; Staszewski, R.; Stavina, P.; Steele, G.; Steinbach, P.; Steinberg, P.; Stekl, I.; Stelzer, B.; Stelzer, H. J.; Stelzer-Chilton, O.; Stenzel, H.; Stern, S.; Stewart, G. A.; Stillings, J. A.; Stockton, M. C.; Stoebe, M.; Stoerig, K.; Stoicea, G.; Stonjek, S.; Stradling, A. R.; Straessner, A.; Strandberg, J.; Strandberg, S.; Strandlie, A.; Strauss, E.; Strauss, M.; Strizenec, P.; Ströhmer, R.; Strom, D. M.; Stroynowski, R.; Stucci, S. A.; Stugu, B.; Stumer, I.; Stupak, J.; Sturm, P.; Styles, N. A.; Su, D.; Subramania, Hs.; Subramaniam, R.; Succurro, A.; Sugaya, Y.; Suhr, C.; Suk, M.; Sulin, V. V.; Sultansoy, S.; Sumida, T.; Sun, X.; Sundermann, J. E.; Suruliz, K.; Susinno, G.; Sutton, M. R.; Suzuki, Y.; Svatos, M.; Swedish, S.; Swiatlowski, M.; Sykora, I.; Sykora, T.; Ta, D.; Tackmann, K.; Taenzer, J.; Taffard, A.; Tafirout, R.; Taiblum, N.; Takahashi, Y.; Takai, H.; Takashima, R.; Takeda, H.; Takeshita, T.; Takubo, Y.; Talby, M.; Talyshev, A. A.; Tam, J. Y. C.; Tamsett, M. C.; Tan, K. G.; Tanaka, J.; Tanaka, R.; Tanaka, S.; Tanaka, S.; Tanasijczuk, A. J.; Tani, K.; Tannoury, N.; Tapprogge, S.; Tarem, S.; Tarrade, F.; Tartarelli, G. F.; Tas, P.; Tasevsky, M.; Tashiro, T.; Tassi, E.; Tavares Delgado, A.; Tayalati, Y.; Taylor, C.; Taylor, F. E.; Taylor, G. N.; Taylor, W.; Teischinger, F. A.; Teixeira Dias Castanheira, M.; Teixeira-Dias, P.; Temming, K. K.; Ten Kate, H.; Teng, P. K.; Terada, S.; Terashi, K.; Terron, J.; Terzo, S.; Testa, M.; Teuscher, R. J.; Therhaag, J.; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T.; Thoma, S.; Thomas, J. P.; Thompson, E. N.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, P. D.; Thompson, A. S.; Thomsen, L. A.; Thomson, E.; Thomson, M.; Thong, W. M.; Thun, R. P.; Tian, F.; Tibbetts, M. J.; Tic, T.; Tikhomirov, V. O.; Tikhonov, Yu. A.; Timoshenko, S.; Tiouchichine, E.; Tipton, P.; Tisserant, S.; Todorov, T.; Todorova-Nova, S.; Toggerson, B.; Tojo, J.; Tokár, S.; Tokushuku, K.; Tollefson, K.; Tomlinson, L.; Tomoto, M.; Tompkins, L.; Toms, K.; Tonoyan, A.; Topilin, N. D.; Torrence, E.; Torres, H.; Torró Pastor, E.; Toth, J.; Touchard, F.; Tovey, D. R.; Tran, H. L.; Trefzger, T.; Tremblet, L.; Tricoli, A.; Trigger, I. M.; Trincaz-Duvoid, S.; Tripiana, M. F.; Triplett, N.; Trischuk, W.; Trocmé, B.; Troncon, C.; Trottier-McDonald, M.; Trovatelli, M.; True, P.; Trzebinski, M.; Trzupek, A.; Tsarouchas, C.; Tseng, J. C. -L.; Tsiareshka, P. V.; Tsionou, D.; Tsipolitis, G.; Tsirintanis, N.; Tsiskaridze, S.; Tsiskaridze, V.; Tskhadadze, E. G.; Tsukerman, I. I.; Tsulaia, V.; Tsung, J. -W.; Tsuno, S.; Tsybychev, D.; Tua, A.; Tudorache, A.; Tudorache, V.; Tuggle, J. M.; Tuna, A. N.; Tupputi, S. A.; Turchikhin, S.; Turecek, D.; Turk Cakir, I.; Turra, R.; Tuts, P. M.; Tykhonov, A.; Tylmad, M.; Tyndel, M.; Uchida, K.; Ueda, I.; Ueno, R.; Ughetto, M.; Ugland, M.; Uhlenbrock, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Unal, G.; Undrus, A.; Unel, G.; Ungaro, F. C.; Unno, Y.; Urbaniec, D.; Urquijo, P.; Usai, G.; Usanova, A.; Vacavant, L.; Vacek, V.; Vachon, B.; Vahsen, S.; Valencic, N.; Valentinetti, S.; Valero, A.; Valery, L.; Valkar, S.; Valladolid Gallego, E.; Vallecorsa, S.; Valls Ferrer, J. A.; van Berg, R.; van der Deijl, P. C.; van der Geer, R.; van der Graaf, H.; van der Leeuw, R.; van der Ster, D.; van Eldik, N.; van Gemmeren, P.; van Nieuwkoop, J.; van Vulpen, I.; van Woerden, M. C.; Vanadia, M.; Vandelli, W.; Vaniachine, A.; Vankov, P.; Vannucci, F.; Vari, R.; Varnes, E. W.; Varol, T.; Varouchas, D.; Vartapetian, A.; Varvell, K. E.; Vassilakopoulos, V. I.; Vazeille, F.; Vazquez Schroeder, T.; Veatch, J.; Veloso, F.; Veneziano, S.; Ventura, A.; Ventura, D.; Venturi, M.; Venturi, N.; Vercesi, V.; Verducci, M.; Verkerke, W.; Vermeulen, J. C.; Vest, A.; Vetterli, M. C.; Viazlo, O.; Vichou, I.; Vickey, T.; Vickey Boeriu, O. E.; Viehhauser, G. H. A.; Viel, S.; Vigne, R.; Villa, M.; Villaplana Perez, M.; Vilucchi, E.; Vincter, M. G.; Vinogradov, V. B.; Virzi, J.; Vitells, O.; Viti, M.; Vivarelli, I.; Vives Vaque, F.; Vlachos, S.; Vladoiu, D.; Vlasak, M.; Vogel, A.; Vokac, P.; Volpi, G.; Volpi, M.; Volpini, G.; von der Schmitt, H.; von Radziewski, H.; von Toerne, E.; Vorobel, V.; Vos, M.; Voss, R.; Vossebeld, J. H.; Vranjes, N.; Vranjes Milosavljevic, M.; Vrba, V.; Vreeswijk, M.; Vu Anh, T.; Vuillermet, R.; Vukotic, I.; Vykydal, Z.; Wagner, W.; Wagner, P.; Wahrmund, S.; Wakabayashi, J.; Walch, S.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wall, R.; Waller, P.; Walsh, B.; Wang, C.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, K.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, X.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Warsinsky, M.; Washbrook, A.; Wasicki, C.; Watanabe, I.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, I. J.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, A. T.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. W.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weigell, P.; Weingarten, J.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wendland, D.; Weng, Z.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Wetter, J.; Whalen, K.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; White, S.; Whiteson, D.; Whittington, D.; Wicke, D.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wienemann, P.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wijeratne, P. A.; Wildauer, A.; Wildt, M. A.; Wilhelm, I.; Wilkens, H. G.; Will, J. Z.; Williams, E.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, W.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wilson, A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winkelmann, S.; Winklmeier, F.; Wittgen, M.; Wittig, T.; Wittkowski, J.; Wollstadt, S. J.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Wong, W. C.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Woudstra, M. J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wraight, K.; Wright, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wulf, E.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xiao, M.; Xu, C.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yamada, M.; Yamaguchi, H.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamamura, T.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamauchi, K.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yanush, S.; Yao, L.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Yau Wong, K. H.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yen, A. L.; Yildirim, E.; Yilmaz, M.; Yoosoofmiya, R.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, R.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Youssef, S.; Yu, D. R.; Yu, J.; Yu, J.; Yuan, L.; Yurkewicz, A.; Zabinski, B.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanello, L.; Zanzi, D.; Zaytsev, A.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zeman, M.; Zemla, A.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zevi Della Porta, G.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhong, J.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, N.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimin, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, R.; Zimmermann, S.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Ziolkowski, M.; Zitoun, R.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zur Nedden, M.; Zurzolo, G.; Zutshi, V.; Zwalinski, L.; Atlas Collaboration Bibcode: 2014PhRvL.112d1802A Altcode: A search is presented for dark matter pair production in association with a W or Z boson in pp collisions representing 20.3 fb-1 of integrated luminosity at √s =8 TeV using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet with the jet mass consistent with a W or Z boson, and with large missing transverse momentum are analyzed. The data are consistent with the standard model expectations. Limits are set on the mass scale in effective field theories that describe the interaction of dark matter and standard model particles, and on the cross section of Higgs production and decay to invisible particles. In addition, cross section limits on the anomalous production of W or Z bosons with large missing transverse momentum are set in two fiducial regions. Title: Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere Authors: Murphy, N. A.; Miralles, M. P.; Ranquist, D. A.; Pope, C. L.; Raymond, J. C.; Lukin, V. S.; McKillop, S.; Shen, C.; Winter, H. D.; Reeves, K. K.; Lin, J. Bibcode: 2013AGUFMSM12A..06M Altcode: Models of solar flares and coronal mass ejections typically predict the development of an elongated current sheet in the wake behind the rising flux rope. In reality, reconnection in these current sheets will be asymmetric along the inflow, outflow, and out-of-plane directions. We perform resistive MHD simulations to investigate the consequences of asymmetry during solar reconnection. We predict several observational signatures of asymmetric reconnection, including flare loops with a skewed candle flame shape, slow drifting of the current sheet into the strong field upstream region, asymmetric footpoint speeds and hard X-ray emission, and rolling motions within the erupting flux rope. There is net plasma flow across the magnetic field null along both the inflow and outflow directions. We compare simulations to SDO/AIA, Hinode/XRT, and STEREO observations of flare loop shapes, current sheet drifting, and rolling motions during prominence eruptions. Simulations of the plasmoid instability with different upstream magnetic fields show that the reconnection rate remains enhanced even during the asymmetric case. The islands preferentially grow into the weak field upstream region. The islands develop net vorticity because the outflow jets impact them obliquely rather than directly. Asymmetric reconnection in the chromosphere occurs when emerging flux interacts with pre-existing overlying flux. We present initial results on asymmetric reconnection in partially ionized chromospheric plasmas. Finally, we discuss how comparisons to observations are necessary to understand the role of three-dimensional effects. Title: Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in the Solar Atmosphere Authors: Murphy, N. A.; Miralles, M. P.; Ranquist, D. A.; Pope, C. L.; Raymond, J. C.; Lukin, V. S.; McKillop, S. C.; Shen, C.; Winter, H. D.; Reeves, K. K.; Lin, J. Bibcode: 2013AGUFMSM12A0006M Altcode: Models of solar flares and coronal mass ejections typically predict the development of an elongated current sheet in the wake behind the rising flux rope. In reality, reconnection in these current sheets will be asymmetric along the inflow, outflow, and out-of-plane directions. We perform resistive MHD simulations to investigate the consequences of asymmetry during solar reconnection. We predict several observational signatures of asymmetric reconnection, including flare loops with a skewed candle flame shape, slow drifting of the current sheet into the strong field upstream region, asymmetric footpoint speeds and hard X-ray emission, and rolling motions within the erupting flux rope. There is net plasma flow across the magnetic field null along both the inflow and outflow directions. We compare simulations to SDO/AIA, Hinode/XRT, and STEREO observations of flare loop shapes, current sheet drifting, and rolling motions during prominence eruptions. Simulations of the plasm! oid instability with different upstream magnetic fields show that the reconnection rate remains enhanced even during the asymmetric case. The islands preferentially grow into the weak field upstream region. The islands develop net vorticity because the outflow jets impact them obliquely rather than directly. Asymmetric reconnection in the chromosphere occurs when emerging flux interacts with pre-existing overlying flux. We present initial results on asymmetric reconnection in partially ionized chromospheric plasmas. Finally, we discuss how comparisons to observations are necessary to understand the role of three-dimensional effects. Title: Structure and Dynamics of the Polar Crown Prominence that Erupted on 2012 March 12 Authors: Su, Yingna; Van Ballegooijen, A. A.; McCauley, P.; Reeves, K.; DeLuca, E. E. Bibcode: 2013SPD....4420302S Altcode: We will present preliminary results on the investigation of one polar crown prominence that erupted on 2012 March 12. This prominence is viewed at the east limb by SDO/AIA and displays a simple vertical-thread structure. Bright U-shape (horn-like) structure is observed surrounding the upper portion of the prominence before the eruption and becomes more prominent during the eruption. When viewed on the disk, STEREO-B shows that this prominence is composed of series of vertical threads and displays a loop-like structure during the eruption. We focus on the magnetic support of the prominence by studying the structure and dynamics before and during the eruption using observations from SDO, Hinode, and STEREO. We will explore magnetic field modeling of this prominence using the flux rope insertion method. We will also present preliminary analysis on the thermodynamics of the prominence, namely DEM analysis of the cavity surrounding the prominence, as well as column density measurements. This work is supported by NASA Grant (#NNX12AB25G) and NASA Contract (#SP02H1701R) from LMSAL to SAO. Title: Dynamics of the Transition Corona Authors: Masson, Sophie; McCauley, P.; Golub, L.; Reeves, K.; DeLuca, E. E. Bibcode: 2013SPD....44...27M Altcode: Magnetic reconnection between open and closed magnetic field in the corona is believed to play a crucial role in the corona / heliosphere coupling. At large scale, the exchange of open /closed connectivity is expected to occur in pseudo-streamer structures. However, there is neither clear observational evidence of how such coupling occurs in pseudo-streamers, nor evidence for how the magnetic reconnection evolves. Using a newly-developed technique, we enhance the off-limb magnetic fine structures observed with AIA and identify a pseudo-streamer-like feature located close to the northern coronal hole. We first identify that the magnetic topology associated with the observation is a pseudo-streamer, null-point-related topology bounded by open field. We then compare the evolution of the observed pseudo- streamer fine structure in the location of strong currents, i.e. in the region of energy dissipation, with the dynamics of the magnetic field resulting from the interchange reconnection obtained in a fully 3D MHD simulation. The morphological and dynamical similarities between the pseudo-streamer observations and the results from the simulation strongly suggest that the evolution of the pseudo-streamer is caused by interchange reconnection in a null-point topology that is embedded in Quasi-Separatrix layers. Besides identifying the mechanism at work in the large-scale coupling between open and closed field, our results highlight that interchange reconnection in pseudo-streamers is a gradual physical process that differs from the impulsive reconnection of the solar-jet model. Title: Exploring Low-State Accretion in Polars with a Solar Flux Rope Model Authors: Saar, Steven H.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2013SPD....44...78S Altcode: Polars are cataclysmic variables, close binaries consisting of a strongly magnetic white dwarf (WD) and a cool solar-like secondary star. They tend to have high and low photometric states, corresponding to times of high accretion (due to Roche lobe overflow from the secondary) and low accretion (where the accretion source is under debate). Since tidal spin-up forces the secondary to rotate at the orbital period, typically < 1 day, it should be very magnetically active. We use a solar flux rope/CME model with field strength Bsec, placed in a strong external field (BWD), to explore the stability of magnetic loops on the secondary in the presence of the megagauss WD field. We find that for low ratios BWD/Bsec, loops confining a prominence separated by more than a certain distance are stable, but as the ratio is increased, a second regime of instability for widely separated loops appears. The two instability regimes grow with BWD/Bsec, until above a certain value, no loops are stable. We find that for reasonable masses of loop confined material, the BWD induced instability may be able to explain much of the accretion seen in polar low states, as well as several other observed properties. Implications for polar evolution are discussed. This research was supported by several NSF grants. Title: Morphology and Temperature of a Hot Prominence Cavity Observed with SDO Authors: Weber, Mark A.; Reeves, K.; Gibson, S.; Kucera, T. A. Bibcode: 2013SPD....44...39W Altcode: Prominence cavities appear as circularly shaped voids in coronal emission over polarity inversion lines where a prominence channel is straddling the solar limb. The presence of chromospheric material suspended at coronal altitudes is a common but not necessary feature within these cavities. These voids are observed to change shape as a prominence feature rotates around the limb. We apply temperature diagnostics to SDO data to investigate the thermal structure. We find significant evidence that the prominence cavity is hotter than the corona immediately outside the cavity boundary. This investigation follows upon ``Thermal Properties of A Solar Coronal Cavity Observed with the X-ray Telescope on Hinode'' by Reeves et al., 2012, ApJ, in press. M. Weber and K.K. Reeves are supported under contract NNM07AB07C from NASA to SAO. T. Kucera is supported by an award from the NASA SHP Program. Title: Simulating Emission of Coronal Loops with Non-Constant Cross-Section Authors: Winter, Henry D.; Curme, C. D.; Reeves, K.; Martens, P. C. Bibcode: 2013SPD....44...45W Altcode: The solar corona is filled with loop-like structures that appear bright against the background when observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). These loops have several remarkable properties. Warm loops (∼ 1 MK) appear to be ∼ 2 - 9 times as dense at their apex as predicted by of hydrostatic atmosphere models. These loops also appear to be of constant cross-section despite the fact that the field strength in a potential magnetic field should decrease in the corona, causing the loops to expand. Why many active region loops appear to be of constant cross-section is not well understood. Theories range from an internal twist of the magnetic field to observational effects. In this work we simulate active region loops with different expansion factors heated by nanoflare storms. We calculate the hydrodynamic properties for each loop as a function of the expansion factor Gamma. We show that even modest tapering ratios can lead to drastic changes in the density profiles of active region loops, and they can also explain the overpressure at the apex of these loops. Synthetic AIA images of each loop are made to show the observable consequences of the expansion of loops near the instrumental resolution. We find that all loops, even those with a large expansion factor, appear to be of near constant cross-section when images are simulated in AIA passbands. Only when the images are simulated for a much higher resolution instrument with 0.1” pixels does the real expansion of the loop become apparent.Abstract (2,250 Maximum Characters): The solar corona is filled with loop-like structures that appear bright against the background when observed in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV). These loops have several remarkable properties. Warm loops (∼ 1 MK) appear to be ∼ 2 - 9 times as dense at their apex as predicted by of hydrostatic atmosphere models. These loops also appear to be of constant cross-section despite the fact that the field strength in a potential magnetic field should decrease in the corona, causing the loops to expand. Why many active region loops appear to be of constant cross-section is not well understood. Theories range from an internal twist of the magnetic field to observational effects. In this work we simulate active region loops with different expansion factors heated by nanoflare storms. We calculate the hydrodynamic properties for each loop as a function of the expansion factor Gamma. We show that even modest tapering ratios can lead to drastic changes in the density profiles of active region loops, and they can also explain the overpressure at the apex of these loops. Synthetic AIA images of each loop are made to show the observable consequences of the expansion of loops near the instrumental resolution. We find that all loops, even those with a large expansion factor, appear to be of near constant cross-section when images are simulated in AIA passbands. Only when the images are simulated for a much higher resolution instrument with 0.1” pixels does the real expansion of the loop become apparent. Title: Non-Equilibrium Ionization Modeling of the Current Sheet in a Simulated Solar Eruption Authors: Shen, C.; Reeves, K. K.; Raymond, J. C.; Murphy, N. A.; Ko, Y. -K.; Lin, J.; Mikić, Z. Bibcode: 2013enss.confE..44S Altcode: The current sheet that extends from the top of flare loops to an associated flux rope is a common structure in models of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). To understand the observational properties of CME current sheets, we generate predictions from flare/CME models to be compared with observations. We use a simulation of a large-scale CME current sheet previously reported by Reeves et al. (2010). This simulation includes Ohmic and coronal heating, thermal conduction, and radiative cooling in the energy equation. Using the results of this simulation, we perform time-dependent ionization calculations of the flow in a CME current sheet and construct two-dimensional spatial distributions of ionic charge states for multiple chemical elements. We use the filter responses from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the predicted intensities of emission lines to compute the count rates for each of the AIA bands. The results show differences in the emission line intensities between equilibrium and non-equilibrium ionization. The current sheet plasma is underionized at low heights and overionized at large heights. At low heights in the current sheet, the intensities of the AIA 94Å and 131Å channels are lower for non-equilibrium ionization than for equilibrium ionization; and at large heights, these intensities are higher for non-equilibrium ionization than for equilibrium ionization. We also calculated the intensity of ultraviolet lines and predicted emission features that could be compared with those events observed by the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, including a low intensity region around the sheet present in the model. Title: Thermal Structure of Current Sheets and Supra-Arcade Downflows in the Solar Corona Authors: Hanneman, Will; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2013AAS...22115907H Altcode: Data has been collected from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to determine the thermal structure of supra-arcade downflows (SADs) in the solar corona. SADs, first discovered by Yohkoh in 1999 January 20 (McKenzie & Hudson 1999) can be described as inward flowing density depletions, often observed in post flare current sheets. Some models of this phenomenon have suggested that the plasma in the dark lanes is heated to temperatures of ~8 MK (Maglione et al. 2011). The three flares examined here took place on 2011 October 22, 2012 January 14 and 2012 January 27. Using the relation between temperature and the different sensitivity of the 94Å, 131Å, and 171Å channels, colour-temperature maps are made for each flare, and contours are added to indicate the distribution of very hot plasma (> 5.5 MK) and slightly cooler plasma (> 3 MK). We find that the hottest areas in the current sheet are located near the top of the arcade. We also compare the colour-temperatures in the SADs to that of the surrounding plasma. Cross sections of emission in the AIA bandpasses through the dark lanes are quantitatively measured and compared with the predictions made by Maglione et al. The levels of emission in relation to background determine whether these predictions can be ruled out. Title: Three 2012 Transits of Venus: From Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn Authors: Pasachoff, Jay M.; Schneider, G.; Babcock, B. A.; Lu, M.; Edelman, E.; Reardon, K.; Widemann, T.; Tanga, P.; Dantowitz, R.; Silverstone, M. D.; Ehrenreich, D.; Vidal-Madjar, A.; Nicholson, P. D.; Willson, R. C.; Kopp, G. A.; Yurchyshyn, V. B.; Sterling, A. C.; Scherrer, P. H.; Schou, J.; Golub, L.; McCauley, P.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2013AAS...22131506P Altcode: We observed the 2012 June 6/5 transit seen from Earth (E/ToV), simultaneously with Venus Express and several other spacecraft not only to study the Cytherean atmosphere but also to provide an exoplanet-transit analog. From Haleakala, the whole transit was visible in coronal skies; among our instruments was one of the world-wide Venus Twilight Experiment's nine coronagraphs. Venus's atmosphere became visible before first contact. SacPeak/IBIS provided high-resolution images at Hα/carbon-dioxide. Big Bear's NST also provided high-resolution observations of the Cytherean atmosphere and black-drop evolution. Our liaison with UH's Mees Solar Observatory scientists provided magneto-optical imaging at calcium and potassium. Solar Dynamics Observatory's AIA and HMI, and the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode, and total-solar-irradiance measurements with ACRIMSAT and SORCE/TIM, were used to observe the event as an exoplanet-transit analog. On September 20, we imaged Jupiter for 14 Hubble Space Telescope orbits, centered on a 10-hour ToV visible from Jupiter (J/ToV), as an exoplanet-transit analog in our own solar system, using Jupiter as an integrating sphere. Imaging was good, although much work remains to determine if we can detect the expected 0.01% solar irradiance decrease at Jupiter and the even slighter differential effect between our violet and near-infrared filters caused by Venus's atmosphere. We also give a first report on our currently planned December 21 Cassini UVIS observations of a transit of Venus from Saturn (S/ToV). Our E/ToV expedition was sponsored by the Committee for Research and Exploration/National Geographic Society; supplemented: NASA/AAS's Small Research Grant Program. We thank Rob Ratkowski, Stan Truitt, Rob Lucas, Aram Friedman, and Eric Pilger '82 at Haleakala, and Joseph Gangestad '06 at Big Bear for assistance, and Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab and Hinode science and operations teams for support for coordinated observations with NASA satellites. Our J/ToV observations were based on observations made with HST, operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555; these observations are associated with program #13067. Title: Mass constraints on the eruptive plasma in X-ray and EUV Authors: Lee, J.; Raymond, J. C.; Reeves, K. K.; Moon, Y.; Kim, K. Bibcode: 2012AGUFMSH33A2226L Altcode: We investigate several eruptive hot plasma observations by Hinode/XRT. Their corresponding EUV and/or white light CME features are visible in some events. Using those observations, we determine the mass constraints of eruptive plasma by assuming simplified geometrical structures of the plasma. In some events, the associated prominence eruptions and eruptive plasma were observed in EUV observations as absorption or emission features. The absorption feature provides the lower limit to the cold mass while the emission feature provides the upper limit to the mass of observed eruptive plasma in X-ray and EUV passbands. In addition, some events were observed in a few passbands in X-rays, which allows the determination of the eruptive plasma temperature using a filter ratio method. We compare the mass constraints for each temperature response and find that the mass in EUV and XRT are smaller in their upper or lower limit than total mass in coronagraph. About half eruptive events in XRT have no corresponding CME, which may be due to failed eruptions or low plasma density. Title: Ionization and Emission Characteristics of the Current Sheet in a CME/flare Eruption Mode Authors: Shen, C.; Reeves, K. K.; Raymond, J. C.; Murphy, N. A.; Ko, Y. Bibcode: 2012AGUFMSH51A2209S Altcode: The current sheet that extends from the top of flare loops to the associated flux rope is a common structure in coronal mass ejection (CME) models. To understand the observational properties of CME current sheets, we generate predictions that can be compared with CME/flare models in this work. For example, Reeves et al. (2010) report on the detailed evolution of a large scale CME current sheet. Using the results of this numerical simulation, we perform time-dependent ionization calculations of the flow in the CME current sheet and construct two-dimensional spatial distributions of ionic charge states for multiple elements. We use the SDO/AIA filter responses and the predicted intensities of spectral lines to compute the count rates in the AIA bands. The results show that intensities can be much different than intensities which assume ionization equilibrium along the reconnection outflow. Furthermore, we calculate the spectral intensities of several UV and EUV lines considering time-dependent ionization process and compare them with the observational results from SOHO/UVCS. The characteristics of UV and EUV lines crossing the current sheet show, for instance, a low temperature sheath around the current sheet. Title: Testing Flare Simulations Sensitivity to Chromospheric Models Authors: Winter, H. D.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2012AGUFMSH43B2160W Altcode: Understanding chromospheric effects is key to interpreting simulations of coronal flare signatures. The chromosphere provides a thick target for nonthermal particle collisions which generate HXR emission in the foot points of flare loops. Heated either by nonthermal particle beams or by strong conduction fronts, chromospheric material is ablated to fill the post-flare loops. Because of the complex nature of the chromosphere (optically thick, neutral species present, etc.) most flare models, including our HyLoop code, out of necessity, treat the chromosphere either as a single cell boundary condition or with a very simplistic atmospheric model. HyLoop has been updated to accept time dependent, swappable chromosphere modules as an input. This allows HyLoop to run experiments under different chromospheric conditions, such as a constant, single cell boundary, or a stratified atmosphere with at constant temperature, or various radiative loss functions. Thus HyLoop can determine how sensitive simulation results are to differing chromospheric assumptions. Since the chromospheric modules are swappable, the HyLoop flare simulations can continue to improve as more detailed models of the chromospheric response to flares become available. In this work we monitor the mass flux from four different chromospheric models as they undergo nonthermal beam heating and measure any systematic differences in the simulated Neupert effect. Title: The 2012 Transit of Venus for Cytherean Atmospheric Studies and as an Exoplanet Analog Authors: Pasachoff, Jay M.; Schneider, G.; Babcock, B. A.; Lu, M.; Reardon, K. P.; Widemann, T.; Tanga, P.; Dantowitz, R.; Willson, R.; Kopp, G.; Yurchyshyn, V.; Sterling, A.; Scherrer, P.; Schou, J.; Golub, L.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2012DPS....4450806P Altcode: We worked to assemble as complete a dataset as possible for the Cytherean atmosphere in collaboration with Venus Express in situ and to provide an analog of spectral and total irradiance exoplanet measurements. From Haleakala, the whole transit was visible in coronal skies; our B images showed the evolution of the visibility of Venus's atmosphere and of the black-drop effect, as part of the Venus Twilight Experiment's 9 coronagraphs distributed worldwide with BVRI. We imaged the Cytherean atmosphere over two minutes before first contact, with subarcsecond resolution, with the coronagraph and a separate refractor. The IBIS imaging spectrometer at Sacramento Peak Observatory at H-alpha and carbon-dioxide also provided us high-resolution imaging. The NST of Big Bear Solar Observatory also provided high-resolution vacuum observations of the Cytherean atmosphere and black drop evolution. Our liaison with UH's Mees Solar Observatory scientists provided magneto-optical imaging at calcium and potassium. Spaceborne observations included the Solar Dynamics Observatory's AIA and HMI, and the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) and X-ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode, and total-solar-irradiance measurements with ACRIMSAT and SORCE/TIM, to characterize the event as an exoplanet-transit analog. Our expedition was sponsored by the Committee for Research and Exploration/National Geographic Society. Some of the funds for the carbon-dioxide filter for IBIS were provided by NASA through AAS's Small Research Grant Program. We thank Rob Lucas, Aram Friedman, and Eric Pilger '82 for assistance with Haleakala observing, Rob Ratkowski of Haleakala Amateur Astronomers for assistance with equipment and with the site, Stan Truitt for the loan of his Paramount ME, and Steve Bisque/Software Bisque for TheSky X controller. We thank Joseph Gangestad '06 of Aerospace Corp., a veteran of our 2004 expedition, for assistance at Big Bear. We thank the Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory and Hinode science and operations teams for planning and support. Title: Plasma Diagnostics and Magnetic Complexity of a Post-Flare Active Region with Hinode/XRT: Spatial and Temporal Evolution Authors: Parenti, S.; Reale, F.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..454..291P Altcode: Flares are localized phenomena in active regions, but the magnetic and plasma responses may propagate to a larger area. In this work we investigate the temporal evolution of a flare in an active region with particular attention to the morphological details, and to the temperature and emission measure diagnostics allowed by Hinode/XRT. Title: Shrinking Loops Observations for the 2008 April 9 Flare Authors: Savage, S. L.; McKenzie, D. E.; Reeves, K. K.; Forbes, T. G. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..454..295S Altcode: Supra-arcade downflows (SADs) have been observed with Yohkoh/SXT (soft X-rays (SXR)), TRACE (extreme ultra-violet (EUV)), SoHO/LASCO (white light), SoHO/SUMER (EUV spectra), and Hinode/XRT (SXR). Characteristics such as low emissivity and trajectories which slow as they reach the top of the arcade are consistent with post-reconnection magnetic flux tubes. The magnetic flux within the tubes provides pressure against filling with plasma. As with the standard model of reconnection, the tubes retract from a reconnection site high in the corona until they reach a more potential magnetic configuration. Viewed from a perpendicular angle, SADs should appear as shrinking loops rather than downflowing voids. We will present observations of supra-arcade downflowing loops (SADLs) and show that their speeds and decelerations are consistent with those determined for SADs. Title: The onset and dynamics of the plasmoid instability during asymmetric inflow reconnection Authors: Murphy, Nicholas A.; Shen, C.; Lin, J.; Reeves, K. K.; Raymond, J. C. Bibcode: 2012shin.confE..67M Altcode: High Lundquist number current sheets have recently been found to be unstable to the formation of plasmoids. Simulations of this instability have been considered primarily for reconnection with symmetric inflow. We therefore present simulations of the plasmoid instability during asymmetric inflow reconnection. Asymmetry in the upstream magnetic fields modifies the scaling, onset, and dynamics of this instability. Preliminary results suggest that the nonlinear development of the plasmoid instability is slower than in the symmetric case. Plasmoids develop preferentially into the weak magnetic field upstream region and are slowly advected with the reconnection outflow. We discuss the implications of these results on asymmetric magnetic reconnection in the solar atmosphere. Title: Simulating the Strength of the Neupert Effect in Large Flares Authors: Winter, Henry D., III; Reeves, K. K.; Egan, A. Bibcode: 2012AAS...22020402W Altcode: The Neupert Effect is the well known empirical result that the hard X-ray emission of about half of large, impulsive flares looks like the derivative of the soft X-ray emission. This relationship between the non-thermal, hard X-ray emission and the thermal, soft X-ray emission supports the theory that the majority of the energy liberated by the flare is in the form of non-thermal, high-energy electrons which then heat the thermal plasma and drive chromospheric evaporation. Observational estimates currently put the energy budget of a flare as 75% in non-thermal processes and 25% in thermal processes. However, the observational estimates of the thermal and non-thermal energy in flares are currently uncertain to within an order of magnitude. It is also unclear as to why 24% of large, impulsive flares have their soft X-ray emission peak well before the end of the hard X-ray emission in direct violation of the Neupert Effect. In this work, we address the question of how non-thermal particle properties affect the observed Neupert Effect by simulating a series solar flares using the HyLoop code. HyLoop simulates non-thermal particles interacting a with thermal plasma and the thermal plasma's response to those interactions. A series of flares are simulated with different non-thermal particle parameters, such as pitch-angle distribution and non-thermal fraction of total flare energy. The hard and soft X-rays emissions are synthesized for each simulation. These simulated emissions are then used to determine what impacts the non-thermal particle parameters have on the observed Neupert Effect. Title: The Effects of Including Non-Thermal Particles in Flare Loop Models Authors: Reeves, K. K.; Winter, H. D.; Larson, N. L. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..455..199R Altcode: 2012arXiv1201.5877R In this work, we use HyLoop (Winter et al. 2011), a loop model that can incorporate the effects of both MHD and non-thermal particle populations, to simulate soft X-ray emissions in various situations. First of all, we test the effect of acceleration location on the emission in several XRT filters by simulating a series of post flare loops with different injection points for the non-thermal particle beams. We use an injection distribution peaked at the loop apex to represent a direct acceleration model, and an injection distribution peaked at the footpoints to represent the Alfvén wave interaction model. We find that footpoint injection leads to several early peaks in the apex-to-footpoint emission ratio. Second, we model a loop with cusp-shaped geometry based on the eruption model developed byLin & Forbes (2000) and Reeves & Forbes (2005a), and find that early in the flare, emission in the loop footpoints is much brighter in the XRT filters if non-thermal particles are included in the calculation. Finally, we employ a multi-loop flare model to simulate thermal emission and compare with a previous model where a semi-circular geometry was used (Reeves et al. 2007). We compare the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) emission from the two models and find that the cusp-shaped geometry leads to a smaller GOES class flare. Title: Complex Dynamic Flows in Solar Flare Sheet Structures Authors: McKenzie, David Eugene; Reeves, K. K.; Savage, S. L. Bibcode: 2012AAS...22020422M Altcode: Observations of high-energy emission from solar flares often reveal the presence of large sheet-like structures, sometimes extending over a space comparable to the Sun's radius. Given that these structures are found between a departing coronal mass ejection and the post-eruption flare arcade, it is natural to associate the structure with a current sheet; though the relationship is unclear. Moreover, recent high-resolution observations have begun to reveal that the motions in this region are highly complex, including reconnection outflows, oscillations, and apparent wakes and eddies. We present a detailed first look at the complicated dynamics within this supra-arcade plasma, and consider implications for the interrelationship between the plasma and its embedded magnetic field. This work is supported by NASA under contract SP02H3901R from Lockheed-Martin to MSU (DMcK), contract SP02H1701R from Lockheed-Martin to SAO (KKR), and contract NNM07AB07C with the Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. SLS is supported via a NASA/GSFC NPP appointment administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities and under the mentorship of G. Holman. Title: Current Sheet and Reconnection Inflow-Outflow Observations During Solar Eruptions Authors: Savage, S. L.; Holman, G.; Reeves, K. K.; Seaton, D. B.; McKenzie, D. E.; Su, Y. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..456..169S Altcode: Magnetic reconnection is widely accepted as being associated with energy release during solar flares; however, observations of it have been indirect and/or incomplete. Using the suite of instruments available spanning wavelength space, we provide observations and measurements of both the inputs and outputs predicted from reconnection in the form of inflows preceding outflows (i.e. supra-arcade downflows, supra-arcade downflowing loops, upflows, and disconnection events). We also present evidence for current sheets through which reconnection is expected to occur and discuss current sheet motion during flare progression. Title: Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in Coronal Mass Ejection Current Sheets Authors: Murphy, N. A.; Miralles, M. P.; Pope, C. L.; Raymond, J. C.; Reeves, K. K.; Seaton, D. B.; Webb, D. F. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..456..199M Altcode: We present resistive MHD simulations of magnetic reconnection in the context of coronal mass ejection current sheets. We hypothesize that several commonly observed features of solar flares such as sub-Alfvénic downflows, candle flame shaped post-flare loops, and current sheet drifting are the result of asymmetry in the inflow and/or outflow directions during the reconnection process. Title: Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection Current Sheets Authors: Murphy, N. A.; Miralles, M. P.; Pope, C. L.; Raymond, J. C.; Winter, H. D.; Reeves, K. K.; Seaton, D. B.; van Ballegooijen, A. A.; Lin, J. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...751...56M Altcode: 2012arXiv1203.5360M We present two-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of line-tied asymmetric magnetic reconnection in the context of solar flare and coronal mass ejection current sheets. The reconnection process is made asymmetric along the inflow direction by allowing the initial upstream magnetic field strengths and densities to differ, and along the outflow direction by placing the initial perturbation near a conducting wall boundary that represents the photosphere. When the upstream magnetic fields are asymmetric, the post-flare loop structure is distorted into a characteristic skewed candle flame shape. The simulations can thus be used to provide constraints on the reconnection asymmetry in post-flare loops. More hard X-ray emission is expected to occur at the footpoint on the weak magnetic field side because energetic particles are more likely to escape the magnetic mirror there than at the strong magnetic field footpoint. The footpoint on the weak magnetic field side is predicted to move more quickly because of the requirement in two dimensions that equal amounts of flux must be reconnected from each upstream region. The X-line drifts away from the conducting wall in all simulations with asymmetric outflow and into the strong magnetic field region during most of the simulations with asymmetric inflow. There is net plasma flow across the X-line for both the inflow and outflow directions. The reconnection exhaust directed away from the obstructing wall is significantly faster than the exhaust directed toward it. The asymmetric inflow condition allows net vorticity in the rising outflow plasmoid which would appear as rolling motions about the flux rope axis. Title: Morphology Of A Hot Prominence Cavity Observed With Hinode/XRT And SDO/AIA Authors: Weber, Mark A.; Reeves, K. K.; Gibson, S. E.; Kucera, T. A. Bibcode: 2012AAS...22020205W Altcode: Prominence cavities appear as circularly shaped voids in coronal emission over polarity inversion lines where a prominence channel is straddling the solar limb. The presence of chromospheric material suspended at coronal altitudes is a common but not necessary feature within these cavities. These voids are observed to change shape as a prominence feature rotates around the limb. We use a morphological model projected in cross-sections to fit the cavity emission in Hinode/XRT passbands, and then apply temperature diagnostics to XRT and SDO/AIA data to investigate the thermal structure. We find significant evidence that the prominence cavity is hotter than the corona immediately outside the cavity boundary. This investigation follows upon ``Thermal Properties of A Solar Coronal Cavity Observed with the X-ray Telescope on Hinode'' by Reeves et al., 2012, ApJ, in press. M. Weber and K.K. Reeves are supported under contract NNM07AB07C from NASA to SAO. T. Kucera is supported by an award from the NASA SHP Program. Title: Mass Constraints of Hot and Cold Coronal Mass Ejection Plasmas Observed in EUV and X-ray Authors: Lee, Jin-Yi; Raymond, J. C.; Reeves, K. K.; Moon, Y. Bibcode: 2012AAS...22020002L Altcode: Hinode/XRT has observed coronal mass ejections (CMEs) since it launched on Sep. 2006. Observing programs of Hinode/XRT, called ‘CME watch’, perform several binned observations to obtain large FOV observations with long exposure time that allows the detection of faint CME plasmas in high temperatures. Using those observations, we determine the upper limit to the mass of hot CME plasma using emission measure by assuming the observed plasma structure. In some events, an associated prominence eruption and CME plasma were observed in EUV observations as absorption or emission features. The absorption feature provides the lower limit to the cold mass while the emission feature provides the upper limit to the mass of observed CME plasma in X-ray and EUV passbands. In addition, some events were observed by coronagraph observations (SOHO/LASCO, STEREO/COR1) that allow the determination of total CME mass. However, some events were not observed by the coronagraphs possibly because of low density of the CME plasma. We present the mass constraints of CME plasma and associated prominence as determined by emission and absorption in EUV and X-ray passbands, then compare this mass to the total CME mass as derived from coronagraphs. Title: Photometric Uncertainties within Hinode XRT Authors: Kobelski, Adam; Saar, S. H.; Weber, M. A.; McKenzie, D. E.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2012AAS...22020126K Altcode: We have developed estimates of the systematic uncertainties for the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) on Hinode. These estimates are included as optional returns from the standard XRT data reduction software, xrt_prep.pro. Included in these software estimates are uncertainties from instrument vignetting, dark current subtraction, split bias leveling, Fourier filtering and JPEG compression. Sources of uncertainty that rely heavily on models of plasma radiation or assumptions of elemental abundances, such as photon noise, are discussed, but not included in the software. It will be shown that the photon noise is much larger than the systematic uncertainty. This work is supported by NASA under contract NNM07AB07C with the Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Title: Temperature Diagnostic of a Brightening Observed by Hinode/XRT Authors: Dudík, J.; Reeves, K. K.; Schmieder, B.; Dzifčáková, E.; Golub, L. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..456..137D Altcode: We analyze the temperature distribution of the active region brightening observed by HINODE/XRT. The temperature structure is derived using various filter-ratio techniques and DEM analysis. The results are compared and it is found that the filter-ratio techniques are accurate only for relatively narrow DEMs. Title: Re-interpretation Of Supra-arcade Downflows In Solar Flares Authors: Savage, Sabrina; McKenzie, D. E.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2012AAS...22051602S Altcode: Following the eruption of a filament from a flaring active region, sunward-flowing voids are often seen above developing post-eruption arcades. First discovered using the soft X-ray telescope aboard Yohkoh, these supra-arcade downflows (SADs) are now an expected observation of extreme ultra-violet and soft X-ray coronal imagers and spectrographs (e.g, TRACE, SOHO/SUMER, Hinode/XRT, SDO/AIA). Observations made prior to the operation of AIA suggested that these plasma voids (which are seen in contrast to bright, high-temperature plasma associated with current sheets) are the cross-sections of evacuated flux tubes retracting from reconnection sites high in the corona. The high temperature imaging afforded by AIA's 131, 94, and 193 Angstrom channels coupled with the fast temporal cadence allows for unprecedented scrutiny of the voids. For a flare occurring on 2011 October 22, we provide evidence suggesting that SADs, instead of being the cross-sections of relatively large, evacuated flux tubes, are actually wakes (i.e., trailing regions of low density) created by the retraction of much thinner tubes. This re-interpretation is a significant shift in the fundamental understanding of SADs, as the features once thought to be identifiable as the shrinking loops themselves now appear to be "side effects" of the passage of the loops through the supra-arcade plasma. In light of the fact that previous measurements have attributed to the shrinking loops characteristics that may instead belong to their wakes, we discuss the implications of this new interpretation on previous parameter estimations and on reconnection theory. Title: Measuring Uncertainties in the Hinode X-Ray Telescope Authors: Kobelski, A.; Saar, S.; McKenzie, D. E.; Weber, M.; Reeves, K.; DeLuca, E. Bibcode: 2012ASPC..456..241K Altcode: We have developed estimates of the systematic photometric uncertainties the X-Ray Telescope (Kano et al. (2008)) on Hinode (Kosugi et al.(2007)). These estimates are included as optional returns from the standard XRT data reduction software, xrt_prep.pro. Included in the software estimates are uncertainties from instrument vignetting, dark current subtraction, split bias leveling, fourier filtering and JPEG compression. We show that these uncertainties are generally smaller than the photon counting uncertainty. However, due to the reliance on assumptions of plasma radiation models and elemental abundances, photon counting is not included in the software. Title: Observations and simulations of the sympathetic eruptions on 2010 August 1 Authors: Torok, T.; Mikic, Z.; Panasenco, O.; Titov, V. S.; Reeves, K. K.; Velli, M.; Linker, J. A.; de Toma, G. Bibcode: 2012EGUGA..14.3270T Altcode: During the rise of the new solar cycle, the Sun has produced a number of so-called sympathetic eruptions, i.e., eruptions that occur close in time in different source regions. While it has become clear in recent years that in many of such events the individual eruptions must be magnetically connected, the exact nature of these connections is not yet understood. A particularly beautiful case, which consisted of half a dozen individual eruptions, was observed by STEREO and SDO on 2010 August 1. Here we focus on a subset of two large, consecutive filament eruptions that were preceded by a nearby CME. We first summarize the main features of these events and then present 3D MHD simulations that were designed to model such a chain of eruptions. The simulations suggest that the two filament eruptions were triggered by two successive reconnection events, each of which was induced by the previous eruption, and thus provide a new mechanism for sympathetic eruptions. Title: Morphology of a Hot Prominence Cavity Observed with XRT and AIA Authors: Weber, Mark; Reeves, Katherine K.; Gibson, Sarah E.; Kucera, Therese A. Bibcode: 2012decs.confE..56W Altcode: Prominence cavities appear as circularly shaped voids in coronal emission over polarity inversion lines where a prominence channel is straddling the solar limb. The presence of chromospheric material suspended at coronal altitudes is a common but not necessary feature within these cavities. These voids are observed to change shape as a prominence feature rotates around the limb. We use a morphological model projected in cross-sections to fit the cavity emission in XRT passbands, and then apply temperature diagnostics to XRT and AIA data to investigate the thermal structure. We find significant evidence that the prominence cavity is hotter than the corona immediately outside the cavity boundary. This investigation follows upon ``Thermal Properties of A Solar Coronal Cavity Observed with the X-ray Telescope on Hinode'' by Reeves et al., 2012, ApJ, in press. M. Weber and K.K. Reeves are supported under contract NNM07AB07C from NASA to SAO. T. Kucera is supported by an award from the NASA SHP Program. Title: Models and Comparisons of Long Duration and Impulsive Solar Flare Events from SDO Authors: Bowen, Trevor; Testa, P.; Reeves, K. Bibcode: 2012AAS...21914407B Altcode: We compare observational signatures of two GOES C8-class solar flares through instrumentation on Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) provide a unique look at the sun through global scale, fast cadence, high-resolution photometric and spectral measurements; this data is ideal for analyzing the temporal evolution of flare properties. The two flares studied differ in both time scale and morphology, one may be classified as a long duration event (LDE), while the other is highly impulsive. Differences are noted in behavior in the AIA EUV bands as well as several spectral lines. Furthermore, we apply both zero and one dimensional multi-threaded hydrodynamic loop models to synthesize light curves and spectra for each flare. Funding provided by NSF REU solar physics program at CfA, grant number ATM-0851866 and Marlboro College. Title: Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in Coronal Mass Ejection Current Sheets Authors: Murphy, N. A.; Miralles, M. P.; Pope, C. L.; Raymond, J. C.; Young, A. K.; Shen, C.; Lin, J.; Reeves, K. K.; Seaton, D. B.; Webb, D. F. Bibcode: 2011AGUFMSH51A1997M Altcode: Flux rope models of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) predict the formation of an elongated current sheet in the wake behind the rising plasmoid. Magnetic reconnection in these current sheets is highly asymmetric. Sunward outflow impacts the post-flare loops and regions of high plasma and magnetic pressure, whereas antisunward outflow impacts the rising flux rope. There are strong gradients along the outflow direction for upstream density, pressure, and magnetic field strength. Resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations of X-line retreat predict that the majority of the outflow energy is directed upward because the principal X-line is located near the lower base of the current sheet. We derive an exact expression showing that the rate of X-line retreat is given by a combination of advection and diffusion. During line-tied reconnection with asymmetric upstream magnetic field strengths, the structure of the post-flare loops is skewed and the current sheet drifts along the inflow direction. We compare the drift rate to observations of CME current sheets that characteristically drift or tilt with time, including the 2008 April 9 "Cartwheel CME." We will present simulations of plasmoid formation in high Lundquist number current sheets, and report our progress using time-dependent ionization to predict observational signatures from simulations of CME current sheets. Title: Comparing Long Duration and Impulsive Solar Flares Using SDO Data Authors: Bowen, T.; Testa, P.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2011AGUFMSH13B1943B Altcode: We present observations of two solar flares as recorded by instruments on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Combining observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) Spectrometer provide a robust set of data for solar flare analysis. The two instruments together provide a unique look at the sun through global scale, fast cadence, high resolution images and spectral measurements. Our study compares two solar flares--occurring on 05/29/2011 and 06/21/2011--of similar GOES X-ray flux classification, but which differ in both time scale and morphology. We note striking differences between the two flares; particularly in the behavior of the 131Å, 304Å, and 335Å wavebands. The results of this study have implications for numeric simulations of flaring loops, and may help constrain certain free parameters in modeling flare dynamics. We show that for the long duration flare, both EVE lightcurves and the peak flare spectrum are successfully simulated by multi-threaded loop models. Furthermore, we show that these same models accurately reproduce the lightcurves of hotter AIA channels for both flare types. Title: Ionic Composition Structure of Coronal Mass Ejections in Axisymmetric Magnetohydrodynamic Models Authors: Lynch, B. J.; Reinard, A. A.; Mulligan, T.; Reeves, K. K.; Rakowski, C. E.; Allred, J. C.; Li, Y.; Laming, J. M.; MacNeice, P. J.; Linker, J. A. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...740..112L Altcode: We present the ionic charge state composition structure derived from axisymmetric MHD simulations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), initiated via the flux-cancellation and magnetic breakout mechanisms. The flux-cancellation CME simulation is run on the Magnetohydrodynamics-on-A-Sphere code developed at Predictive Sciences, Inc., and the magnetic breakout CME simulation is run on ARC7 developed at NASA GSFC. Both MHD codes include field-aligned thermal conduction, radiative losses, and coronal heating terms which make the energy equations sufficient to calculate reasonable temperatures associated with the steady-state solar wind and model the eruptive flare heating during CME formation and eruption. We systematically track a grid of Lagrangian plasma parcels through the simulation data and calculate the coronal density and temperature history of the plasma in and around the CME magnetic flux ropes. The simulation data are then used to integrate the continuity equations for the ionic charge states of several heavy ion species under the assumption that they act as passive tracers in the MHD flow. We construct two-dimensional spatial distributions of commonly measured ionic charge state ratios in carbon, oxygen, silicon, and iron that are typically elevated in interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) plasma. We find that the slower CME eruption has relatively enhanced ionic charge states and the faster CME eruption shows basically no enhancement in charge states—which is the opposite trend to what is seen in the in situ ICME observations. The primary cause of the difference in the ionic charge states in the two simulations is not due to the different CME initiation mechanisms per se. Rather, the difference lies in their respective implementation of the coronal heating which governs the steady-state solar wind, density and temperature profiles, the duration of the connectivity of the CME to the eruptive flare current sheet, and the contribution of the flare-heated plasma associated with the reconnection jet outflow into the ejecta. Despite the limitations inherent in the first attempt at this novel procedure, the simulation results provide strong evidence in support of the conclusion that enhanced heavy ion charge states within CMEs are a direct consequence of flare heating in the low corona. We also discuss future improvements through combining numerical CME modeling with quantitative ionic charge state calculations. Title: A Model for Magnetically Coupled Sympathetic Eruptions Authors: Török, T.; Panasenco, O.; Titov, V. S.; Mikić, Z.; Reeves, K. K.; Velli, M.; Linker, J. A.; De Toma, G. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...739L..63T Altcode: 2011arXiv1108.2069T Sympathetic eruptions on the Sun have been observed for several decades, but the mechanisms by which one eruption can trigger another remain poorly understood. We present a three-dimensional MHD simulation that suggests two possible magnetic trigger mechanisms for sympathetic eruptions. We consider a configuration that contains two coronal flux ropes located within a pseudo-streamer and one rope located next to it. A sequence of eruptions is initiated by triggering the eruption of the flux rope next to the streamer. The expansion of the rope leads to two consecutive reconnection events, each of which triggers the eruption of a flux rope by removing a sufficient amount of overlying flux. The simulation qualitatively reproduces important aspects of the global sympathetic event on 2010 August 1 and provides a scenario for the so-called twin filament eruptions. The suggested mechanisms are also applicable for sympathetic eruptions occurring in other magnetic configurations. Title: 3d Mhd Simulation Of Sympathetic Eruptions On 1 August 2010 Authors: Torok, Tibor; Panasenco, O.; Titov, V.; Mikic, Z.; Reeves, K.; Velli, M.; Linker, J.; de Toma, G. Bibcode: 2011SPD....42.0908T Altcode: 2011BAAS..43S.0908T Apart from single eruptions originating in localized source regions, the Sun sometimes produces so-called sympathetic events, which consist of several individual eruptions occurring almost simultaneously in different source regions. The close temporal vicinity of the individual eruptions in such events indicates the existence of a causal link between them, but the mechanisms by which one eruption can trigger another one remain largely a mystery. A particularly beautiful example of a global sympathetic event was recently observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) on 1 August 2010. It included a small filament eruption and CME that was closely followed by the eruptions of two large adjacent (twin) filaments, indicating that these three eruptions were physically connected. A coronal potential field extrapolation revealed that the twin filaments were located in the lobes of a so-called pseudostreamer prior to their eruptions. Here we present a 3D MHD simulation of the successive eruption of two magnetic flux ropes in such a pseudostreamer configuration. The two eruptions are triggered by the simulated eruption of a third flux rope in the vicinity of the pseudostreamer. The simulation qualitatively reproduces the CME and subsequent twin filament eruption on 1 August 2010 and suggests that these events were indeed physically connected. Furthermore, it provides a generic scenario for the frequently observed twin filament eruptions in coronal pseudostreamers and suggests a mechanism by which such eruptions can be triggered in the first place. Our results thus provide an important step for a better understanding of sympathetic eruptions. Title: Many Flares Make a Corona Authors: Saar, Steven H.; Kashyap, V.; Drake, J.; Reeves, K.; Connors, A. Bibcode: 2011AAS...21832202S Altcode: 2011BAAS..43G32202S It is well known that solar flare energies have a self-similar distribution. The number of flares, N, of any given energy, E, follows a power-law distribution, dN/dE E^(-alpha), over many orders of magnitude, with alpha 1.8. A similar distribution holds for stellar coronae, but in this case, typically alpha > 2. The value alpha=2 is important because it represents a threshold beyond which it is possible to ascribe all of the coronal luminosity to increasingly weaker, but more numerous, flares. Current methods to evaluate the flare distribution index alpha for stars are limited by two factors: they either depend on explicit detections of flares, or if the flare distribution itself is being modeled, then they are highly computation intensive and are thus slow. We have developed analytical methodology that substitutes for Monte Carlo simulations over a majority of the latter calculations. This causes improvements in computational speed of over 100x. We describe these methods below, and apply it to some simulated and observed data. This work was supported by CXC NASA contract NAS8-39073 and Chandra grant AR0-11001X. Title: Three-dimensional morphology of a coronal prominence cavity Authors: Gibson, S. E.; Kucera, T. A.; Rastawicki, D.; Dove, J.; de Toma, G.; Hao, J.; Hill, S. M.; Hudson, H. S.; Marque, C.; McIntosh, P. S.; Rachmeler, L.; Reeves, K. K.; Schmieder, B.; Schmit, D. J.; Sterling, A.; Tripathi, D.; Williams, D. R.; Zhang, M. Bibcode: 2010AGUFMSH51A1667G Altcode: We present a three-dimensional density model of coronal prominence cavities, and a morphological fit that has been tightly constrained by a uniquely well-observed cavity. Observations were obtained as part of an International Heliophysical Year campaign by instruments from a variety of space- and ground-based observatories, spanning wavelengths from radio to soft-X-ray to integrated white light. From these data it is clear that the prominence cavity is the limb manifestation of a longitudinally-extended polar-crown filament channel, and that the cavity is a region of low density relative to the surrounding corona. As a first step towards quantifying density and temperature from campaign spectroscopic data, we establish the three-dimensional morphology of the cavity. This is critical for taking line-of-sight projection effects into account, since cavities are not localized in the plane of the sky and the corona is optically thin. We have augmented a global coronal streamer model to include a tunnel-like cavity with elliptical cross-section and a Gaussian variation of height along the tunnel length. We have developed a semi-automated routine that fits ellipses to cross-sections of the cavity as it rotates past the solar limb, and have applied it to Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUVI) observations from the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft. This defines the morphological parameters of our model, from which we reproduce forward-modeled cavity observables. We find that cavity morphology and orientation, in combination with the viewpoints of the observing spacecraft, explains the observed variation in cavity visibility for the east vs. west limbs. Title: Three-dimensional Morphology of a Coronal Prominence Cavity Authors: Gibson, S. E.; Kucera, T. A.; Rastawicki, D.; Dove, J.; de Toma, G.; Hao, J.; Hill, S.; Hudson, H. S.; Marqué, C.; McIntosh, P. S.; Rachmeler, L.; Reeves, K. K.; Schmieder, B.; Schmit, D. J.; Seaton, D. B.; Sterling, A. C.; Tripathi, D.; Williams, D. R.; Zhang, M. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...724.1133G Altcode: We present a three-dimensional density model of coronal prominence cavities, and a morphological fit that has been tightly constrained by a uniquely well-observed cavity. Observations were obtained as part of an International Heliophysical Year campaign by instruments from a variety of space- and ground-based observatories, spanning wavelengths from radio to soft X-ray to integrated white light. From these data it is clear that the prominence cavity is the limb manifestation of a longitudinally extended polar-crown filament channel, and that the cavity is a region of low density relative to the surrounding corona. As a first step toward quantifying density and temperature from campaign spectroscopic data, we establish the three-dimensional morphology of the cavity. This is critical for taking line-of-sight projection effects into account, since cavities are not localized in the plane of the sky and the corona is optically thin. We have augmented a global coronal streamer model to include a tunnel-like cavity with elliptical cross-section and a Gaussian variation of height along the tunnel length. We have developed a semi-automated routine that fits ellipses to cross-sections of the cavity as it rotates past the solar limb, and have applied it to Extreme Ultraviolet Imager observations from the two Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. This defines the morphological parameters of our model, from which we reproduce forward-modeled cavity observables. We find that cavity morphology and orientation, in combination with the viewpoints of the observing spacecraft, explain the observed variation in cavity visibility for the east versus west limbs. Title: Comparison of simulated and observed loop-top emission in flares using the AIA telescopes on SDO Authors: Engell, A.; Reeves, K. K.; Ji, L.; Deluca, E. E.; Smith, R.; Golub, L. Bibcode: 2010AGUFMSH11A1596E Altcode: We investigate the spatial and temporal behavior of emission in flaring loops observed by AIA's 193 (Fe XXIV/XII), 131(Fe XX), 094 (Fe XVIII), 335 (Fe XVI), 211 (Fe XIV), and 171 (Fe IX) channels for two C class flares and one M class flare. Plotting light curves from loop-top areas in the six channels reveals the temporal distributions as a function of the ionization stages, with the same characteristic behavior identifiable in all three flares. The order of appearance is from the highest ionization state (FeXXIV) to the lowest (Fe XVI), and the observations are compared with the Reeves, Warren & Forbes (2007) model of flare loop energization, calculated for the various AIA channels. We also model the effects of non-equilibrium ionization on the simulated light curves. Title: Space Based Observations of Coronal Cavities in Conjunction with the Total Solar Eclipse of July 2010 Authors: Kucera, T. A.; Berger, T. E.; Boerner, P.; Dietzel, M.; Druckmuller, M.; Gibson, S. E.; Habbal, S. R.; Morgan, H.; Reeves, K. K.; Schmit, D. J.; Seaton, D. B. Bibcode: 2010AGUFMSH51A1666K Altcode: In conjunction with the total solar eclipse on July 11, 2010 we coordinated a campaign between ground and space based observations. Our specific goal was to augment the ground based measurement of coronal prominence cavity temperatures made using iron lines in the IR (Habbal et al. 2010 ApJ 719 1362) with measurements performed by space based instruments. Included in the campaign were Hinode/EIS, XRT and SOT, PROBA2/SWAP, SDO/AIA, SOHO/CDS and STEREO/SECCHI/EUVI, in addition to the ground based IR measurements. We plan to use a combination of line ratio and forward modeling techniques to investigate the density and temperature structure of the cavities at that time. Title: Morphology of a hot coronal cavity core as observed by Hinode/XRT Authors: Reeves, K. K.; Gibson, S. E.; Kucera, T. A.; Hudson, H. S. Bibcode: 2010AGUFMSH51A1669R Altcode: We follow a coronal cavity that was observed by Hinode/XRT during the summer of 2008. This cavity has a persistent area of relatively bright X-ray emission in its center. We use multifilter data from XRT to study the thermal emission from this cavity, and find that the bright center is hotter than the surrounding cavity plasma with temperatures of about 1.6 MK. We follow the morphology of this hot feature as the cavity structure rotates over the limb during the several days between July 19 - 23 2008. We find that the hot structure at first looks fairly circular, then appears to expand and elongate, and then shrinks again to a compact circular shape. We interpret this apparent change in shape as being due to the morphology of the filament channel associated with the cavity, and the change in viewing angle as the structure rotates over the limb of the Sun. Title: Science Objectives for an X-Ray Microcalorimeter Observing the Sun Authors: Laming, J. Martin; Adams, J.; Alexander, D.; Aschwanden, M; Bailey, C.; Bandler, S.; Bookbinder, J.; Bradshaw, S.; Brickhouse, N.; Chervenak, J.; Christe, S.; Cirtain, J.; Cranmer, S.; Deiker, S.; DeLuca, E.; Del Zanna, G.; Dennis, B.; Doschek, G.; Eckart, M.; Fludra, A.; Finkbeiner, F.; Grigis, P.; Harrison, R.; Ji, L.; Kankelborg, C.; Kashyap, V.; Kelly, D.; Kelley, R.; Kilbourne, C.; Klimchuk, J.; Ko, Y. -K.; Landi, E.; Linton, M.; Longcope, D.; Lukin, V.; Mariska, J.; Martinez-Galarce, D.; Mason, H.; McKenzie, D.; Osten, R.; Peres, G.; Pevtsov, A.; Porter, K. Phillips F. S.; Rabin, D.; Rakowski, C.; Raymond, J.; Reale, F.; Reeves, K.; Sadleir, J.; Savin, D.; Schmelz, J.; Smith, R. K.; Smith, S.; Stern, R.; Sylwester, J.; Tripathi, D.; Ugarte-Urra, I.; Young, P.; Warren, H.; Wood, B. Bibcode: 2010arXiv1011.4052L Altcode: We present the science case for a broadband X-ray imager with high-resolution spectroscopy, including simulations of X-ray spectral diagnostics of both active regions and solar flares. This is part of a trilogy of white papers discussing science, instrument (Bandler et al. 2010), and missions (Bookbinder et al. 2010) to exploit major advances recently made in transition-edge sensor (TES) detector technology that enable resolution better than 2 eV in an array that can handle high count rates. Combined with a modest X-ray mirror, this instrument would combine arcsecondscale imaging with high-resolution spectra over a field of view sufficiently large for the study of active regions and flares, enabling a wide range of studies such as the detection of microheating in active regions, ion-resolved velocity flows, and the presence of non-thermal electrons in hot plasmas. It would also enable more direct comparisons between solar and stellar soft X-ray spectra, a waveband in which (unusually) we currently have much better stellar data than we do of the Sun. Title: Post-flare evolution of AR 10923 with Hinode/XRT Authors: Parenti, S.; Reale, F.; Reeves, K. K. Bibcode: 2010A&A...517A..41P Altcode: 2010arXiv1010.3124P Context. Flares are dynamic events which involve rapid changes in coronal magnetic topology end energy release. Even if they may be localized phenomena, the magnetic disturbance at their origin may propagate and be effective in a larger part of the active region.