Author name code: vantveer ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14 author:van 't Veer, Frans ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Title: Short-period RS CVn and W UMa binaries: how are they related? Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1999TJPh...23..313V Altcode: Two groups of late-type very close main sequence binaries, the so-called short period RS CVn and W UMa systems, are important for the understanding of the structure and evolutionary consequences of angular momentum loss (AML) resulting from magnetic stellar winds of fast rotating solar type stars. The components of RS CVn stars are close to their Roche lobes, but still detached, whereas W UMa binaries are contact systems; both are rotating fast. One of the crucial problems is trying to answer the question if there is a dynamical relation between the two types of binaries in the sense that, as a consequence of the AML, the orbit of the detached sytems will shrink, so that both components come in contact and produce a W UMa type binary. The author discusses the relation between wind and starspots and the dependance of AML on the latitude of these spots. No obvious conclusion is possible concerning the shrinking of the orbit of RS CVn binaries. He shows that other possibilities for orbits of detached systems with magnetic activity also exist. Title: Christiaan Huygens: des lunettes de plus en plus longues. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1998LAstr.112..110V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Late-Type Close Binaries and Single Stars Authors: van't Veer, Frans Bibcode: 1997ASPC..130...57V Altcode: 1997rdbs.conf...57V No abstract at ADS Title: The properties of W Ursae Majoris contact binaries: new results and old problems. Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1996A&A...311..523M Altcode: The physical properties of W UMa binary systems are revisited on the basis of the observational data published in the last decade and of the recent theoretical studies on angular-momentum-loss-driven secular evolution. The absolute elements (masses, radii, luminosities) are derived by an inference method and a calibration based on the available high quality spectroscopic orbits. The derived age (8Gy) agrees with the estimate of Guinan and Bradstreet from space motions. The analysis of the resulting physical parameters shows little correlation between the standard classification in A and W subtype (first proposed by Binnendijk (1970) and only related to the light curve morphology) and the evolutionary status and origin of the systems. Most A-subtype systems seem to have no evolutionary link with W-subtype ones. The relation between total mass and mass ratio for the "bona fide" sample also suggests that mass loss from the system may play an important role. Title: VizieR Online Data Catalog: Photometry of W UMa (Maceroni+, 1996) Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1996yCat..33110523M Altcode: The physical properties of W UMa binary systems are revisited on the basis of the observational data published in the last decade and of the recent theoretical studies on angular-momentum-loss-driven secular evolution. The absolute elements (masses, radii, luminosities) are derived by an inference method and a calibration based on the available high quality spectroscopic orbits. The derived age (8Gy) agrees with the estimate of Guinan and Bradstreet from space motions. The analysis of the resulting physical parameters shows little correlation between the standard classification in A and W subtype (first proposed by Binnendijk (1970) and only related to the light curve morphology) and the evolutionary status and origin of the systems. Most A-subtype systems seem to have no evolutionary link with W-subtype ones. The relation between total mass and mass ratio for the "bona fide" sample also suggests that mass loss from the system may play an important role. (1 data file). Title: The Lifetime of Late Type Contact Binaries Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1996ASPC...90..280V Altcode: 1996oedb.conf..280V No abstract at ADS Title: Si proche et encore si secret. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1995LAstr.109..156V Altcode: This article mentions some problems concerning the Sun. Title: Detection of a photometric period in the non-eclipsing binary HR 8800. Towards a better description of the system. Authors: Sareyan, J. P.; Chauville, J.; van't Veer, F.; Alvarez, M.; Gonzalez-Bedolla, S.; Valera, F. Bibcode: 1994A&A...291..815S Altcode: High precision photometry has allowed light variations to be detected in the spectroscopic binary HR 8800, with the same well known orbital period. It is shown that the phase and light variation range are coherent with a reflexion of the primary's light on the secondary. Although at the very limit of detection, an overmodulation of the visible light curve could be due to the variable geometric appearance of the secondary. Title: Period variations of the late type contact binaries YY ERI and AE Phe: how to use light curves outside minimum. Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1994A&A...289..871M Altcode: We present and compare minimum times, computed for light curves of the W Uma type binaries YY Eri and AE Phe. Two different methods are used: the Leiden method formulated by Kwee & van Woerden and the light curve synthesis method developed by Wilson & Devinney. It is shown that the latter gives more and better information, and is even capable to extract the times of conjunction. Its application requires a complete analysis of the parameters of the system, including the surface inhomogeneities. The observations are available in electronic form. Title: Surface imaging of late-type contact binaries I: AE Phoenicis and YY Eridani Authors: Maceroni, C.; Vilhu, O.; van't Veer, F.; van Hamme, W. Bibcode: 1994A&A...288..529M Altcode: This paper presents the results of the first application of Doppler Imaging to solar-type contact binaries. Our aim was to examine whether this technique can help discriminate between various types of surface inhomogeneities (dark vs. bright star-spots) which are produced by different physical processes and which affect not only the surface brightness distribution but also the system's secular evolution. Simultaneous high dispersion spectroscopy and photometry for the systems AE Phe and YY Eri were obtained at ESO using the Coude Auxiliary Telescope (CAT) and the 50 cm telescope. The observed light-curves were solved by means of the latest version of the Wilson-Devinney program. Doppler maps were constructed taking into account the effects of fast rotation and proximity of the system's components. Doppler maps reveal the presence of dark spots on both systems. For AE Phe, this result is in agreement with the light-curve solution. Indirect evidence of enhanced chromospheric emission is also found. This emission appears to be more intense on the primary components. Title: VizieR Online Data Catalog: YY Eri & AE Phe (Maceroni+, 1994) Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1994yCat..32890871M Altcode: Not Available (2 data files). Title: Global evolution of contact binaries. Authors: vant'veer, F. Bibcode: 1994MmSAI..65..105V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The uniqueness of photometric solutions for spotted W Ursae Majoris binaries Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1993A&A...277..515M Altcode: The perturbations frequently affecting the W UMa binaries light curves are usually explained in terms of bright/dark spots appearing on the surface of the components. The localization of these perturbed regions is usually obtained from the study of the light curves in different colors and by means of the so-called light curve synthesis method. The problem of this type of analysis is: i) how far we can trust the solutions and feel confident in their uniqueness, in order to better judge the increasing number of "spotted" solutions appearing in the literature, ii) in which degree the other system parameters (different from those of the spots) are affected by the incorrect determination of the spots. To answer these questions we solved a certain number of artificially constructed "spotted" light curves, corresponding to particularly critical spot configurations. The results clearly show that spot determination by photometry alone is unreliable. Moreover, in some cases, incorrect values may be derived for the system parameters as well. Title: How to Study the Approach of Late-type Very Close Binary Components? Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1993ASPC...38..229V Altcode: 1993nfbs.proc..229V No abstract at ADS Title: The essential contribution of double star study to astrophysical understanding. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1992ctap.conf..756V Altcode: Binary stars are at the origin of our fundamental knowledge of stellar masses and dimensions. In a short historical review of the development of double star research, the work of Barbier and Chalonge on the eclipsing spectroscopic binary Algol, and an estimation of the percentage of binary or multiple stars is given. For the discussion that follows the historical overview a distinction is made between close, wide and very wide binaries. Each of these types has its own particular interest for the study of stellar evolution and the angular momentum organization of our galaxy. In the last section it is tried to present a short evaluation of some future developments that are expected from the study of the different types of binary systems, and the observational methods used for this study. Title: The Synchronization of Binary Components from the Motion of Starspots Authors: van't Veer, Frans; Maceroni, Carla Bibcode: 1992LNP...397...85V Altcode: 1992sils.conf...85V No abstract at ADS Title: Statistics of Magnetic Cycles in Late-type Single and Close Binary Stars Authors: Maceroni, C.; Bianchini, A.; Rodonó, M.; van't Veer, F.; Vio, R. Bibcode: 1992LNP...397..303M Altcode: 1992sils.conf..303M No abstract at ADS Title: The dynamical and physical evolution of close solar type binaries as a consequence of angular momentum loss. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1992saee.conf....1V Altcode: Angular momentum loss is the driving force for the dynamical evolution of close tidally interacting binaries with solar type components. A description of the different stages of this evolution is given, and the variation with time of the binary orbit is formulated. The final single star stage of these binaries is also described and a first tentative is made to distinguish between ordinary single stars and coalesced binaries, with particular attention to differences of the chemical composition of their atmospheres. A short review of the possible presence of disks of circumstellar material around very close angular momentum losing binaries is presented. Title: The dynamical evolution of G-type main sequence binaries. Authors: van't Veer, F.; Maceroni, C. Bibcode: 1992btsf.work..237V Altcode: 1992bats.proc..237V The authors will speak about the dynamical evolution of AMLOSC binaries. AMLOSC binaries are defined as angular momentum losing binaries with orbit-spin coupling. They limit theirselves to the main-sequence group. The AML is produced by stellar winds trapped by magnetic fields. The OSC may have different origins. The authors mainly consider the mechanism of turbulent friction in the convective zone without neglecting however alternative solutions. The components of AMLOSC binaries continuously approach each other until contact is reached. The dynamical evolution of the rotation of the components and the of the orbital revolutuion is given. The comparison between observations and theory is discussed. Title: Surface imaging of W Ursae Majoris contact binaries. Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F.; Vilhu, O. Bibcode: 1991Msngr..66...47M Altcode: Results of simultaneous spectroscopic and photometric observations of two southern W UMa systems, AE Phe and YY Eri, are described. Photometric observations were performed using a CAT telescope, equipped with a CES spectrograph, a short camera, and CCD, and an ESO 50-cm telescope. The high-precision spectroscopy was based on the Doppler imaging method. It is concluded that both systems show asymmetric perturbations of the light curves. The most evident feature of this effect is that the maximum following primary minimum (max I) is brighter than the maximum II. There was similarity between photometric and spectroscopic maps, especially in reference to the spot location and temperature distribution. Title: The period variations of W Ursae Majoris binaries and their relation to magnetic activity. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1991A&A...250...84V Altcode: The influence of magnetic activity on the period variations of very close late-type main sequence binaries is studied for W UMa-type contact systems. In particular, the hypothesis connecting changes of the inertial and quadrupole moment of the components with period variations is critically studied and rejected. Title: The galactic cluster NGC 188 : W Ursae Majoris contact binaries as a clueto two separate bursts of star formation. Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1991A&A...248..430M Altcode: The problem of the unique richness in W UMa binaries of the galactic cluster NGC 188 is revisited, applying recent results on the dynamical evolution of close binaries (van't Veer and Maceroni, 1988, 1989; Maceroni and van't Veer, 1991). It is shown how the presence of seven contact binaries and the alleged absence of less close ones finds a straightforward explanation in terms of a scenario developed from the properties of field solar type close binaries. The present model of NGC 188 requires: (1) that the dynamical evolution of late-type MS or solar-type close binaries is governed by the loss and transfer of angular momentum, (2) that a second burst of star formation has taken place about 2.5 Gyr ago. This second burst can also explain some other characteristics of this peculiar cluster, for instance, the presence of several blue stragglers, which may be the results of the delayed star formation. Title: The evolution and synchronization of angular-momentum-losing G-type main sequence binaries Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1991A&A...246...91M Altcode: A new law for rapid rotators is presented. This law is definitely different from the exponential expressions derived for slow rotators from cluster members of known age. From a comparison between the computed and observed synchronization of some well studied binary systems, the amount of AM transferred from the orbit to the components is discussed. There is strong evidence that this transfer is greater than predicted by current theories of tidal interaction. Title: The Angular Momentum Evolution of Young and Old Binary Components Authors: van't-Veer, F.; Maceroni, C. Bibcode: 1991ASIC..340..167V Altcode: 1991amey.conf..167V No abstract at ADS Title: Magnetic cycles in solar-type single and close binary stars. Authors: Maceroni, C.; Bianchini, A.; Rodono, M.; van't Veer, F.; Vio, R. Bibcode: 1990A&A...237..395M Altcode: A statistical analysis of magnetic cycle periods from different samples of single and close binary stars is presented. All samples, analyzed by modern statistical methods, show the same cycle period distribution at a high confidence level. The total distribution is compatible with a unimodal function with a peak at about 6 yr. Secondary peaks, typical of some samples, might be due to statistical fluctuations. A correlation is also found between spectral type and cycle period, but apparently no relation exists between the cycle period distribution and the rotational velocity of the stars. Title: A spotted component in the very close late-type binary system VZ Piscium. Authors: Maceroni, C.; van Hamme, W.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1990A&A...234..177M Altcode: The light curve solution of the WUMa B-type binary VZ Psc has been redetermined. A model with two dark spots on the surface of one of the components was used. The presence of these spots is suggested by the variability of the light curve. The new solution yields absolute dimensions which are in better agreement with the late spectral type of the two stars. This removes some of the problems with previously published solutions. The problem of the uniqueness of solutions with spots is briefly discussed. Title: The Evolution of the Period and Synchronization for Close G-Type MS Binaries Authors: vant-Veer, F.; Maceroni, C. Bibcode: 1990ASIC..319..321V Altcode: 1990acb..proc..321V No abstract at ADS Title: The A-Type W-Ursae System Aw-Ursae Authors: Heintze, J. R. W.; Int-Zand, J. J. M.; vant-Veer, F. Bibcode: 1990ASIC..319..331H Altcode: 1990acb..proc..331H No abstract at ADS Title: Do Thermally Decoupled Late Type Contact Binaries Really Exist Authors: Maceroni, C.; vant-Veer, F. Bibcode: 1990ASIC..319..309M Altcode: 1990acb..proc..309M No abstract at ADS Title: The angular momentum loss for late-type stars. Authors: van't Veer, F.; Maceroni, C. Bibcode: 1989A&A...220..128V Altcode: A previously derived power law for the angular momentum loss (AML) of rapidly rotating tidally coupled binary components is used to determine the time scales of binary evolution involving AML. The AML of binary components with spin periods of less than 4 d is shown to be at least 10 times greater than that expected from the extrapolation of the rules that can be found for slow rotators, a result which explains the relatively short approach time (7.5 x 10 to the 8th yr) obtained for the components of tidally coupled late-type binaries. This result is also consistent with the relatively short duration of the contact phase of W UMa binaries (shorter than 1.5 x 10 to the 8th yr) and the rapid spin-down of very young late type MS stars. Title: Book-Review - the Analysis of Starlight - One Hundred and Fifty Years of Astronomical Spectroscopy Authors: Hearnshaw, J. B.; van t-Veer, F. Bibcode: 1989SSRv...49..444H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les binaires de type Algol. Authors: Heintze, Hans; van't Veer, Frans Bibcode: 1988LAstr.102..528H Altcode: Various scenarios for the ejection of matter by the primary component of Algol binaries are possible, depending on the masses of the two component and on their distance from each other. Algol-type binaries are characterized by irregularly variable periods. IUE observations reveal that certain Algols have elevated Al III, Fe III, Si IV, C IV, and N V ionization levels. Title: Etoiles multiples et hiérarchie. Authors: van't Veer, F.; Durand, P. Bibcode: 1988LAstr.102..506V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les binaires les plus serrées: W Ursae Majoris. Authors: Maceroni, Carla; van't Veer, Frans Bibcode: 1988LAstr.102..533M Altcode: The properties of the components of W UMa binaries are reviewed, and explanations for their nonperiodic variations are proposed. These binaries are characterized by equatorial velocities for the two components of not less than 200 km/s, heterogeneous temperature distributions, and variable perturbations including starspots and local reheating in the region of contact. A scenario is proposed in which losses in angular momentum due to the stellar wind eventually place the two stars in contact, following which the secondary component becomes increasingly smaller until the binary becomes a single star. Title: The angular momentum loss of rapidly rotating late-type main sequence binaries Authors: van't Veer, F.; Maceroni, C. Bibcode: 1988A&A...199..183V Altcode: Magnetic activity generated in the convective zone is at the origin of angular momentum loss of late type stars, and is generally accepted as the explanation for the decay of rotation observed in these stars. The angular momentum loss can be expressed as a power law of the angular velocity whose validity is established for equatorial velocities up to 40 km/s. Synchronized late-type binaries losing angular momentum will evolve toward smaller orbits and, hence, toward increasing angular velocities of the components, by virtue of the coupling between spin and orbital momentum. This effect is used to explain the bimodal character of the period distribution of close G type binaries. It is also possible to derive a new power law for the loss of angular momentum of these very rapidly rotating (up to 200 km/s) tidally coupled binary components. Title: How to correct for selection effects the period distribution of eclipsing binaries. Authors: Maceroni, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1988dcev.conf...11M Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Stream models and period variations for contact binaries. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1988covp.conf...23V Altcode: The author gives a short discussion of the influence of fixed ideas haunting the physical models of contact binaries. Some new suggestions concerning the nature of W UMa type binaries are made. Title: Observation et compréhension des étoiles doubles serrées. Histoire et avenir. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1988LAstr.102..451V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 46. Material published by September 15, 1987 (in part, by December 15, 1987). Authors: Cester, B.; Mauder, H.; Olowin, R.; Papoušek, J.; Sarma, M. B. K.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sistero, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetešník, M.; Yamasaki, A.; Herczeg, T. J. Bibcode: 1988bpnc...46.....C Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 45. Literature surveyed: September 15, 1986 - March 15, 1987. Authors: Herczeg, T. J.; Cester, B.; Demircan, O.; Mauder, H.; Olowin, R.; Papousek, J.; Sarma, M. B. K.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sistero, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetesnik, M.; Yamasaki, A. Bibcode: 1987bpnc...45.....H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Period variations of binary systems as a possible source of information about motions in the stellar core Authors: vant Veer, F. Bibcode: 1986A&A...156..181V Altcode: The author discusses the size of the period variations currently observed for the W UMa and RS CVn type eclipsing binaries. From a theoretical discussion, taking into account the different modes of mass loss and angular momentum loss, he concludes that it is impossible to believe these mechanisms responsible for all the period variations observed. On the basis of recent results of solar research he proposes an alternative mechanism using matter flows in the radiative core of these synchronously rotating binary components. Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 43. (Material published by March 15, 1986). Authors: Herczeg, T. J.; Cester, B.; Mauder, H.; Olowin, R.; Papousek, J.; Sarma, M. B. K.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sistero, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetesnik, M.; Yamasaki, A. Bibcode: 1986bpnc...43.....H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: High Resolution Problems in Astrometry and Spectroscopy of Binaries and Their Significance for the Progress of Stellar Physics Authors: van t Veer, F. Bibcode: 1985Ap&SS.110...65V Altcode: Two centuries were necessary for binaries to become, after having been unknown and ignored, one of the outstanding subjects of stellar research. This remarkable evolution has resulted now in the reversed situation with the painful question, at least for some of us: do single stars really exist? It is recognized by everybody, that many essential properties of stars can only be obtained from observations of close and wide binaries. It is the aim of this contribution to see how binaries can help us to better understand binaries and single stars, even if the existence of the latter is not yet definitely confirmed. Title: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel. Un astronome destiné au commerce (1784 - 1846). Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1985LAstr..99...83V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 41. (Material received by September 15, 1984). Authors: Herczeg, T. J.; Abhyankar, K. D.; Cester, B.; Hall, D. S.; Kitamura, M.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sisteró, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetešnik, M. Bibcode: 1985bpnc...41.....H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 42. (Material received by March 15, 1985). Authors: Herczeg, T. J.; Abhyankar, K. D.; Cester, B.; Hall, D. S.; Kitamura, M.; Mauder, H.; Papousek, J.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sisteró, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetesnik, M. Bibcode: 1985bpnc...42.....H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Young stars in the old galactic cluster NGC 188 ? Authors: vant Veer, F. Bibcode: 1984A&A...139..477V Altcode: The author first briefly discusses the age of the oldest known galactic cluster, according to recently published determinations. The now definitely established membership of four W UMa type contact binaries in this cluster is difficult to understand if the age of these stars is that of the cluster. It appears therefore that these binaries are much younger and that several episodes of star formation took place in NGC 188. This conclusion is reached after a new study of the mean density of the four contact binaries and a critical discussion of the chemical composition and the mixing length parameter. Title: The Magnetic Activity of Rapidly Rotating Solar Type Dwarfs Authors: vant-Veer, F. Bibcode: 1984apoa.conf..146V Altcode: For slowly rotating stars of solar type the magnetic activity rapidly increases with the rotational velocity of the star. The author deduces from a study of binary frequencies that the activity level of fast rotating solar-type stars is nearly independent of rotation. Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 40, (Material received by March 15, 1984). Authors: Herczeg, T. J.; Abhyankar, K. D.; Cester, B.; Hall, D. S.; Kitamura, M.; Mauder, H.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sisteró, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetešnik, M. Bibcode: 1984bpnc...40.....H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Bibliography and program notes on close binaries, No. 38. (Material received by March 15, 1983). Authors: Herczeg, T. J.; Abhyankar, K. D.; Cester, B.; Hall, D. S.; Kitamura, M.; Mauder, H.; Scarfe, C. D.; Schulberg, A.; Sisteró, R. F.; van't Veer, F.; Vetešnik, M. Bibcode: 1983bpnc...38.....H Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Why do the Simple Stars Exist Authors: vant-Veer, F. Bibcode: 1983bist.conf..145V Altcode: The author explains single stars as the evolutionary product of double stars and not as the consequence of direct formation in an interstellar cloud. Tidal coupling combined with intense magnetic fields and strong stellar winds is the necessary and sufficient condition for binaries to become single stars. Title: A 2.2 Micrometer Light Curve of the Eclipsing Binary VW Cephei Authors: Lunel, M.; Garnier, R.; Bergeat, J.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1982IBVS.2176....1L Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Evolutionary possibilities and impossibilities for solar type contact binaries in NGC 188 Authors: van t Veer, F. Bibcode: 1982ASSL...98..279V Altcode: 1982IAUCo..69..279V; 1982bmst.proc..279V Evidence for the occurrence of several epochs of star formation in the old galactic cluster NGC 188 is discussed, along with possible relationships between the 4 contact binaries in that cluster. The contact binaries are all W UMa systems, which comprise 25-30% of all known late contact type binaries. It is noted that the age of NGC 188 has been calculated to be greater than the normal lifespan of W UMa binaries. Light curve amplitudes are constructed to place the 4 contact binaries in group I. It is argued that the stars must have formed after the cluster, approximately several hundred million years ago. The common orientations of all 4 binaries between 90-75 deg is cited as evidence for preferred orbital orientations of binary stars in certain groups. Title: The initial mass ratio of solar type contact binaries Authors: van t Veer, F. Bibcode: 1981A&A....98..213V Altcode: The initial mass ratio distribution function, which gives the normalized number of binary objects formed at a given mass ratio, is computed for solar-type contact binaries (W UMa stars). The initial function is derived from the present mass ratio distribution function by integrating backwards in time based on a mass ratio evolution function describing the variation of the mass ratio with time since the coming into contact of the components, which is determined by the rate of angular momentum loss which is in turn determined by the total mass and mass ratio of the system. All contact binaries produced are found to exhibit initial mass ratios greater than 0.8, indicating that the components had nearly equal masses. Implications of the results for RS CVn stars are noted. Title: Infrared Light Curves of the Contact Binary 44-IOTA-BOOTIS Authors: Bergeat, J.; vant-Veer, F.; Lunel, M.; Garnier, R.; Sibille, F.; Roux, S. Bibcode: 1981A&AS...43..257B Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Infrared light curves of the contact binary 44 i Boo. Authors: Bergeat, J.; vant-Veer, F.; Lunel, M.; Garnier, R.; Sibille, F.; Roux, S. Bibcode: 1981A&A....94..350B Altcode: Accurate infrared light curves (λ=2.25μm) are given for the W UMa type system 44 ι Bootis, three of which were secured within a single night. The coverage of a period of the variable is made as complete as possible with typically more than one hundred individual observations. This program was initiated in an attempt to determine the source for perturbations of the visible light curves of ι Bootis published by many authors. It fell short of its aim since the binary proved to be in a low activity phase of its history at the time of the observations (1978 March).' Maxima are very nearly equal and asymmetries of minima are shown to be at a very low level where they merge in with noise and uncertainties on the atmospheric correction. On the other hand, Fourier cosine terms which are predicted by the standard model for close or contact binary, are detected up to the eighth overtone. The photometric solution of the system is studied through new multicolour photometric observations (visual binary ADS 9494 whose component A cannot be separated for the moment). We adopt the spectral energy distribution of a F8V star for ι Boo A together with that of a G2III star for ι Boo (B+ C) and ΔV= 0.4 mag for the yellow magnitude difference between A and B + C, which gives the better fit to the observations. Luminosities and radii of the eclipsing system components are however class V data and they are strong arguments against the adoption of a K2V spectral energy distribution. Expansion of a common low pressure atmosphere through the inner lagrangian surface is tentatively suggested as a possible explanation of the luminosity class discrepancy. A forthcoming paper will be devoted to the determinations of the elements of 44 ι Bootis (W UMa system) by the method of light curve synthesis. Title: Nauwe dubbelsterren en planetenstelsels. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1981Zenit...8..403V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the origin and decay of contact binaries. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1981fsa..symp...89V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Solar type contact binaries - The initial mass ratio distribution function Authors: van t Veer, F. Bibcode: 1980IAUS...88..517V Altcode: The distribution function of contact binaries at the beginning of their existence, designated the initial mass ratio function (IMRF), is investigated using data for the actual mass ratio function (AMRF) and the dynamical evolution of solar type contact binaries. In addition, a function which defines the relation between the mass ratio and time for an arbitrary contact binary, called the mass ratio evolution function (MREF), is introduced and employed in the IMRF analysis. It is shown that the majority of newly formed binaries have high mass ratios with at least 50% of them having a mass ratio value higher than 0.8, and that most possess nearly equal components at the moment of formation. Title: Reply to the note of Rucinski on the existence of W UMa-type systems in the cluster Cr 359. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1980AcA....30..381V Altcode: Rucinski's note is a logical reaction on my somewhat speculative and controversial paper (van't Veer 1975) concerning the age of the W Ursae Majoris stars. I already agreed therein that my arguments were not strong enough to convince everybody, and I am glad to see that a new point of view is given on the evolutionary status of contact binaries. However I must immediately say that Rucinski's arguments do not make me abandon my conclusions and a rediscussion of the problem now, 5 years later, makes me still believe my original conception. There are 4 important questions and I should like to comment upon in order: (1) - Is Cr 359 really a young physical association? (2) - If so, are the observed W UMa binaries members of this association? (3) - If not can we explain them from the generally adopted estimates of their space density? (4) - What are the implications of the answer on the preceding questions, on our understanding of the evolutionary history of W UMa stars? Title: The angular momentum controlled evolution of solar type contact binaries. Authors: vant Veer, F. Bibcode: 1979A&A....80..287V Altcode: The paper deals with the dynamical evolution of contact binaries of solar spectral type. An attempt is made to give an evolutionary model which takes into account the recent observational results especially concerning period changes, mass ratios, and contact parameters on one hand, and precise computations of the geometrical model and the different contributions to the angular momentum on the other hand. The proposed model is based on the dynamical evolution caused by stellar winds with emphasis placed on the coupling of axial rotation and orbital motion of components. The lifetime of the contact binaries related to the amount of angular momentum loss is analyzed. Title: The mass ratio function of W UMa type binaries. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1978A&A....70...91V Altcode: Summary. Mass ratios for W UMa type binaries may be determined from radial velocity curves or photometric light curves. The frequency distribution of these mass ratios (mass ratio function) is one of the crucial tests for evolutionary studies of contact binaries. Observational selection effects play an important role in the determination of the mass ratio function. In the present paper an attempt is made to list these selection effects and to correct them. The resulting mass ratio function is given in Figure 2. Key ords: contact binaries - W UMa type stars - mass ratio Title: Perte de masse des étoiles binaires serrées. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1977pdm..book.....V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Young W UMa Binaries and the Interaction with Their Environment Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1977ivsw.conf..388V Altcode: 1977IAUCo..42..388V No abstract at ADS Title: The Evolution of Contact Binaries Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1976IAUS...73..343V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: The age of the W Ursae Majoris stars. Authors: vant Veer, F. Bibcode: 1975A&A....44..437V Altcode: Consequences are discussed for the hypothesis that more than 50% of contact binaries are formed by a fission process of the Jeans-Roxburgh type. Some arguments are presented which support the hypothesis of the fission process from W UMa stars which are members of galactic clusters. The problem of alignment of the axes of rotation in young galactic clusters is examined, and the detectability of W UMa stars is discussed. It is concluded that stars of young clusters generally have a preferential orientation of their rotation axes, which need not coincide with the general orientation of the galactic disk. Title: The Frequency of Contact Binaries and Its Consequence on Their Evolution Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1975A&A....40..167V Altcode: Summary. I. We try to estimate the number of contact binaries (CB) limited to a certain apparent magnitude. The number of CB's must be deduced from the number of observed W UMa type eclipsing binaries (EW). In this deduction two selection effects are involved. It is difficult to detect EW's with: I) a low inclination angle and hence a weak amplitude Arn= mmax - mmin, or 2) a weak apparent magnitude mmax. We corrected the first effect, by calculating the distribution N(A m) we would observe if the effect was absent and by comparing it to the really observed distribution (Table 1). The second effect was corrected by comparing the increase with mmax of the number of observed EW's with the theoretically expected increase corrected for interstellar absorption (Table 2). We conclude that 1/500th of the counted stars is a CB. II. In order to find the percentage of CB's among the dwarf stars of different spectral type, we used the EW's which are classified spectroscopically, and extrapolated this distribution for the whole sample of CB's (Table 3). For the spectral and luminosity distribution of the totality of counted stars use was made of the numerous publications on stellar statistics. Tables 4 and 5 summarize the deduced spectral and dwarf star distribution for stars until I 3 , taking into account the spatial distribution of the CB's. III. The third paragraph contains a discussion on the precision which can be obtained by using the above mentioned procedure. We further deduce that I to 2 % of the G dwarfs is suspected to be CB. For the F dwarfs the percentages are a little lower 0.5 to 1.5. We finally explain the reason why these percentages are significantly higher than those found by others, and emphasize the fact that the percentage would be even higher if we limited our statistics to the F 8 to G 2 dwarfs, because of their outstanding preponderance among EW's. IV. The main sequence lifetime of a F 8-G 2 star is about 5 10 years. The lifetime of a CB is more difficult to estimate, but from observational and theoretical considerations one can conclude that it must probably be relatively short, of the order of years. If this conclusion is correct, we find that (almost) all solar type dwarfs must be CB's during about 1/100th of their lifetime. After a short review of the current theories concerning the formation of CB's we adopt the fission theory as having the best chance. The end of binary life is more difficult to imagine physically and clear ideas on this ultimate process are fully lacking in the literature. V We found it tempting to postulate that the secundary component is transformed in a protoplanetary cloud having the primary star as central condensation. The next step could be the formation of the planets and satellites out of this orbiting material. We are not yet fully convinced that this evolutionary way is the right one, but we propose it as a hypothesis which can, at the same time, suggest the existence of the solar planetary system. VI. In this last section we briefly discuss the following points: 1) A distinction must be made between early and late type CB's. It is probable that these two classes do not follow the same evolution and do not have the same life time. 2) If our conclusions are true the CB's must be young stars and so the study of their presence in galactic clusters is important. 3) Our knowledge on the angular momentum of the splitting protostars, the CB's and the solar system does not contradict the suggested evolution. Key words: contact binaries stellar statistics stellar evolution planetary systems Title: The eclipsing contact binary VW Cephei. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1973A&A....26..357V Altcode: Summary. This study of the eclipsing contact binary VW Cep is mainly based on the observational material collected by Kwee (1966a, b), during the years 1957-1959. New minimum times are calculated according to different polynomial solutions for primary and secondary minima. The so-called Kwee-effect is interpreted as the consequence of gas flows from regions in the neighbourhood of the first lagrangian point to the outer envelope of the system. The long term period variation is briefly discussed. Key words: eclipsing binaries - contact binaries - period changes of double stars - gasstreams Title: A statistical method for the determination of the rate of changes of period for eclipsing binaries. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1972A&A....20..131V Altcode: Summary. A statistical treatment for the quantitative analysis of period changes AP for eclipsing binaries is given. The method can be applied to a series of measurements of minima times. It allows one to determine the rate of period change AP/At and also gives a test of the reality of sudden period changes of contact binaries. The method can only be applied to the best observed stars. Examples are given for SW Lac and 44i Boo. Key words: eclipsing binaries - contact binaries - period changes of double stars Title: Mass flow and period changes of contact binaries. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1972A&A....19..337V Altcode: Period changes of eclipsing contact binaries are interpreted as the consequence of mass flows from the flrst and second lagrangian points L1 and L2. The measured values of the rate of period change dP/dt are related to the rate of mass outflow dm/dt. A distinction is made between binaries with a well developed common envelope and binaries for which such an envelope is supposed to be absent or is at least still capable of absorbing large quantities of stellar matter. The following possibilities of material flow are studied separately: 1.From L1 to the envelope, 2.fro n L1 or L2 to outer space, 3.from one component to the other. Formulae are given for the rate of increase or decrease of the orbital radius and the period as a function of the rate of mass transport and the mass ratio of the components in a certain number of idealized cases. The stellar orbits are supposed to be circular and the angnlar momentum due to the (synchronized) stellar rotation is taken into account. A short discussion of some evolutionary aspects is also given. Key words: contact binaries - change of period of double stars - mass ejection Title: Sudden changes in the period of the eclipsing contact binary 44i Bootis. Authors: Bergeat, J.; Lunel, M.; Sibille, F.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1972A&A....17..215B Altcode: From photeelectric observations of 44 i Boo obtained during the years 1969-1971, we made 23 determinations of the times of conjunction from the observed minima. A critical analysis of the data combined with those published by other observers permitted us to conclude that this eclipsing system suffers periodic changes of the Period. The general aspect of the light curve confirms the existence of active and quiet periods. The interval between sudden period changes is of the order of 10 years. Key words: photometry - eclipsing binaries - contact binaries - period changes - mass ejection Title: The spectral type of the brightest component of the triple system 44 i Bootis. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1971A&A....11..197V Altcode: The spectral type of the slowly revolving brightest component of the triple system 44 i Boo was studied using spectra taken at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory Victoria in 1922. At that time the separation between the brightest component and the two others (which form an eclipsing contact binary) was sufficiently large, so that separate spectra could be taken. This study confirms the hypothesis suggested by a photometric study in eight colours of the eclipsing system in a previous paper (Kurpinska and van `t Veer, 1970) according to which the spectral type of the third and brightest component is earlier (F5V) than previously supposed (G1V). One can conclude that the conspicuous reddening of 44 i Boo during the maxima is not an intrinsic phenomenon of the eclipsing system but merely due to the presence of the third component. Key words: eclipsing binaries - spectral classffication - triple systems Title: Eight-colour photometric study of the eclipsing binary 44i Bootis. Authors: Kurpinska, M.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1970A&A.....4..253K Altcode: Eight-colour photometric observations of the eclipsing system 44 i Bootis have been analysed. This well known triple system is composed of an eclipsing contact binary p and a brighter third companion o'. In the integrated light of the system cc + p the observations reveal a remarkable behaviour of the colour-differences between the maxima and the minima. Th the range 4000-3500 both minima are redder than the maximum; in the visual wavelength region ( 6000-4000) however we find a reddened maximum (Fig. 4 and 5). For the other known eclipsing contact binaries showing colour-differences between the maxima and minima one always finds on the contrary the nnnimum to be redder (up till A m =0,05) than the maximum in the visible colour- range. Th order to explain this phenomenon as due to the presence of the third companion we computed the colour- variation theoretically for a certain number of combinations of the initial data. Concerning these initial data we have to estimate the individual spectral types Sp and Sp and the intrinsic colour-variation of the binary i. e. the colour-variation we should observe if the third companion were not present. The mean spectral type Sp of the system is generally given as G 2, so that we can use the combinations G 1- G 3, G 0- G 4 and so on. The intrinsic colour-variation between maximum and minimum light of the binary, deduced from other systems of the same type (Table 4), should be about 0m.02. The basic photometric equations in our computations are given by the formulae 1-5. When we also take into account the difference of the Balmer discontinuity of the two spectra Sp and Sp,t it is possible indeed to adjust the different parameters in such a way that the observed colour-variation is fully explained in the limit of observational errors, the most probable solution being Sp = F 9, Sp = G 4 and an intrinsic reddening less than 0 .01. We can also admit a more pronounced reddening of 0 .02, but in that case the corresponding spectral types would be Sp = F 7 and Sp = G 5 which seems a little excessive. Th every case the strange colour behaviour of 44 i Boo during the minima can be explained by the presence of a third companion when the Balmer jump is taken into account and it does not seem necessary to invoke a special physical constitution of the system. From the exact determination of the times of minima we could confirm that the period of the binary has remained unchanged during the last 6 years. The secondary maximum shows a displacement in phase of A = 0.014 + 0.003 in comparison with the primary minimum. Key words: eclipsing binary - light-curve - period - colour-variation - colour-gradient Title: Modèles empiriques d'atmosphères stellaires. I. Introduction et première application Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1966AnAp...29....7V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Modèles empiriques d'atmosphères stellaires. III. Comparaison des différents modèles pour les taches solaires Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1966AnAp...29..223V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'automatisation de la classification spectrale tri-dimensionnelle de Paris Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1966AnAp...29..293V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Modèles empiriques d'atmosphères stellaires. II. Étude statistique, modèle d'une tache solaire Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1966AnAp...29..119V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Les taches solaires Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1965LAstr..79..265V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: La pression gazeuse dans les taches solaires Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1965AnAp...28.1026V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Spectroscopic observations of sunspots Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1964susp.conf..150V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Un nouveau modèle des taches solaires Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1963AnAp...26..185V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Die Bestimmung des Gasdrucks in Sonnenflecken aus Flügelstärken von Fraunhoferlinien II. Mit 5 Textabbildungen Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1962ZA.....55..208V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Remarques et critiques sur l'interpretation des courbes de lumiere des etoiles a eclipse du type W UMa. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1962JO.....45....7V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Remarques et critiques sur l'interprétation des courbes de lumière des étoiles variables à éclipses du type W Ursae Majoris Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1962JO.....45....6V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Die Bestimmung des Gasdrucks in Sonnenflecken aus Flügelstärken von Fraunhoferlinien Authors: van't Veer, Frans Bibcode: 1961VeGoe...7..345V Altcode: The wings of five selected strong and medium strong Fraunhofer lines are studied in the umbra of sunspots and in the undisturbed photosphere at the same distance from the limb. It appears to be possible to interpret the ratio c/c* of the strengths of the wings in photosphere an sunspot as a measure for the ratio of the gas pressure if the temperature model is known. For the two spots studied in this paper we obtained coherent results from the five Magnesium- and Iron lines. On the basis of a constand difference ΔΘ = 0,26α pressure model is derived from a sunspot with a standard area of 80.10&sup-6; hemispheres. The model is given in table 6. For equal optical depths the gas pressure in the sunspot is somewhat lower than in the photosphere while the transparency is greater and decreasing less rapidly with increasing depth. A discussion of the influence of the magnetic field in the spots is given. The effect of scattered light of the photosphere on the strength of the wings has been estimated. Title: Die Bestimmung des Gasdrucks in Sonnenflecken aus Flügelstärken von Fraunhoferlinien. Mit 3 Textabbildungen Authors: van't Veer, Frans Bibcode: 1961ZA.....52..165V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: L'assombrissement centre-bord des etoiles. Authors: van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1960acbe.book.....V Altcode: 1960QB4.U8l14p3.... No abstract at ADS Title: Book Reviews: Discussion of Short-lived Solar Radio Transients Authors: de Jager, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1959IrAJ....5..158D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: A discussion of short-lived solar radio transients at 200 Mc/s Authors: de Jager, Cornelis; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1958dsls.book.....D Altcode: 1958QB4.U8l14p1.... No abstract at ADS Title: A discussion of short-lived solar radio transients at 200 Mc/s Authors: de Jager, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1958VKAWA..21....1D Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Some properties of solar radio-transients on fast 200 Mc./s. records Authors: de Jager, C.; van't Veer, F. Bibcode: 1957IAUS....4..366D Altcode: No abstract at ADS