Author name code: verma ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14 author:"Verma, Virendar Kumar" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Title: Lithological Mapping of Nidar Ophiolite Complex, Ladakh Using High-Resolution Data Authors: Chauhan, M.; Sur, K.; Chauhan, P.; Joshi, H.; Sharma, R. U.; Chattoraj, S. L.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2022LPICo2678.1901C Altcode: We have utilized data from various sensors for lithological mapping and spectral characterization of ultramafic/mafic outcrops of Nidar ophiolite complex. Title: New Rover CONOPS with High-performance Onboard Computing: Give Up Raw Data to Reduce Ops Cost and Do More Science Authors: Ono, M.; Balaram, B. J.; Verma, V.; Atha, D. J.; Swan, R. M.; Didier, A. K. Bibcode: 2022LPICo2655.5053O Altcode: Imagine every scientist/engineer can uplink and run analysis scripts on a rover like Jupyter Notebook. No need to downlink all the raw data anymore. This will remove the comm volume constraint, simplifying and saving the cost of tactical ops. Title: Operations for Autonomous Spacecraft: Workflows and Tools for a Neptune Tour Case Study Authors: Castano, R.; Vaquero, T.; Rossi, F.; Verma, V.; Choukroun, M.; Allard, D.; Amini, R.; Barrett, A.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Dhamani, N.; Francis, R.; Hofstadter, M.; Ingham, M.; Jasour, A.; Jorritsma, M.; Van Wyk, E.; Chien, S. Bibcode: 2022LPICo2678.2510C Altcode: We study the problem of operations of autonomous spacecraft, identifing workflows and tools that are well-suited for this problem. Title: Science Goals and Mission Architecture of the Europa Lander Mission Concept Authors: Hand, K. P.; Phillips, C. B.; Murray, A.; Garvin, J. B.; Maize, E. H.; Gibbs, R. G.; Reeves, G.; Martin, A. M. San; Tan-Wang, G. H.; Krajewski, J.; Hurst, K.; Crum, R.; Kennedy, B. A.; McElrath, T. P.; Gallon, J. C.; Sabahi, D.; Thurman, S. W.; Goldstein, B.; Estabrook, P.; Lee, S. W.; Dooley, J. A.; Brinckerhoff, W. B.; Edgett, K. S.; German, C. R.; Hoehler, T. M.; Hörst, S. M.; Lunine, J. I.; Paranicas, C.; Nealson, K.; Smith, D. E.; Templeton, A. S.; Russell, M. J.; Schmidt, B.; Christner, B.; Ehlmann, B.; Hayes, A.; Rhoden, A.; Willis, P.; Yingst, R. A.; Craft, K.; Cameron, M. E.; Nordheim, T.; Pitesky, J.; Scully, J.; Hofgartner, J.; Sell, S. W.; Barltrop, K. J.; Izraelevitz, J.; Brandon, E. J.; Seong, J.; Jones, J. -P.; Pasalic, J.; Billings, K. J.; Ruiz, J. P.; Bugga, R. V.; Graham, D.; Arenas, L. A.; Takeyama, D.; Drummond, M.; Aghazarian, H.; Andersen, A. J.; Andersen, K. B.; Anderson, E. W.; Babuscia, A.; Backes, P. G.; Bailey, E. S.; Balentine, D.; Ballard, C. G.; Berisford, D. F.; Bhandari, P.; Blackwood, K.; Bolotin, G. S.; Bovre, E. A.; Bowkett, J.; Boykins, K. T.; Bramble, M. S.; Brice, T. M.; Briggs, P.; Brinkman, A. P.; Brooks, S. M.; Buffington, B. B.; Burns, B.; Cable, M. L.; Campagnola, S.; Cangahuala, L. A.; Carr, G. A.; Casani, J. R.; Chahat, N. E.; Chamberlain-Simon, B. K.; Cheng, Y.; Chien, S. A.; Cook, B. T.; Cooper, M.; DiNicola, M.; Clement, B.; Dean, Z.; Cullimore, E. A.; Curtis, A. G.; Croix, J. -P. de la; Pasquale, P. Di; Dodd, E. M.; Dubord, L. A.; Edlund, J. A.; Ellyin, R.; Emanuel, B.; Foster, J. T.; Ganino, A. J.; Garner, G. J.; Gibson, M. T.; Gildner, M.; Glazebrook, K. J.; Greco, M. E.; Green, W. M.; Hatch, S. J.; Hetzel, M. M.; Hoey, W. A.; Hofmann, A. E.; Ionasescu, R.; Jain, A.; Jasper, J. D.; Johannesen, J. R.; Johnson, G. K.; Jun, I.; Katake, A. B.; Kim-Castet, S. Y.; Kim, D. I.; Kim, W.; Klonicki, E. F.; Kobeissi, B.; Kobie, B. D.; Kochocki, J.; Kokorowski, M.; Kosberg, J. A.; Kriechbaum, K.; Kulkarni, T. P.; Lam, R. L.; Landau, D. F.; Lattimore, M. A.; Laubach, S. L.; Lawler, C. R.; Lim, G.; Lin, J. Y.; Litwin, T. E.; Lo, M. W.; Logan, C. A.; Maghasoudi, E.; Mandrake, L.; Marchetti, Y.; Marteau, E.; Maxwell, K. A.; Namee, J. B. Mc; Mcintyre, O.; Meacham, M.; Melko, J. P.; Mueller, J.; Muliere, D. A.; Mysore, A.; Nash, J.; Ono, H.; Parker, J. M.; Perkins, R. C.; Petropoulos, A. E.; Gaut, A.; Gomez, M. Y. Piette; Casillas, R. P.; Preudhomme, M.; Pyrzak, G.; Rapinchuk, J.; Ratliff, J. M.; Ray, T. L.; Roberts, E. T.; Roffo, K.; Roth, D. C.; Russino, J. A.; Schmidt, T. M.; Schoppers, M. J.; Senent, J. S.; Serricchio, F.; Sheldon, D. J.; Shiraishi, L. R.; Shirvanian, J.; Siegel, K. J.; Singh, G.; Sirota, A. R.; Skulsky, E. D.; Stehly, J. S.; Strange, N. J.; Stevens, S. U.; Sunada, E. T.; Tepsuporn, S. P.; Tosi, L. P. C.; Trawny, N.; Uchenik, I.; Verma, V.; Volpe, R. A.; Wagner, C. T.; Wang, D.; Willson, R. G.; Wolff, J. L.; Wong, A. T.; Zimmer, A. K.; Sukhatme, K. G.; Bago, K. A.; Chen, Y.; Deardorff, A. M.; Kuch, R. S.; Lim, C.; Syvertson, M. L.; Arakaki, G. A.; Avila, A.; DeBruin, K. J.; Frick, A.; Harris, J. R.; Heverly, M. C.; Kawata, J. M.; Kim, S. -K.; Kipp, D. M.; Murphy, J.; Smith, M. W.; Spaulding, M. D.; Thakker, R.; Warner, N. Z.; Yahnker, C. R.; Young, M. E.; Magner, T.; Adams, D.; Bedini, P.; Mehr, L.; Sheldon, C.; Vernon, S.; Bailey, V.; Briere, M.; Butler, M.; Davis, A.; Ensor, S.; Gannon, M.; Haapala-Chalk, A.; Hartka, T.; Holdridge, M.; Hong, A.; Hunt, J.; Iskow, J.; Kahler, F.; Murray, K.; Napolillo, D.; Norkus, M.; Pfisterer, R.; Porter, J.; Roth, D.; Schwartz, P.; Wolfarth, L.; Cardiff, E. H.; Davis, A.; Grob, E. W.; Adam, J. R.; Betts, E.; Norwood, J.; Heller, M. M.; Voskuilen, T.; Sakievich, P.; Gray, L.; Hansen, D. J.; Irick, K. W.; Hewson, J. C.; Lamb, J.; Stacy, S. C.; Brotherton, C. M.; Tappan, A. S.; Benally, D.; Thigpen, H.; Ortiz, E.; Sandoval, D.; Ison, A. M.; Warren, M.; Stromberg, P. G.; Thelen, P. M.; Blasy, B.; Nandy, P.; Haddad, A. W.; Trujillo, L. B.; Wiseley, T. H.; Bell, S. A.; Teske, N. P.; Post, C.; Torres-Castro, L.; Grosso, C.; Wasiolek, M. Bibcode: 2022PSJ.....3...22H Altcode: Europa is a premier target for advancing both planetary science and astrobiology, as well as for opening a new window into the burgeoning field of comparative oceanography. The potentially habitable subsurface ocean of Europa may harbor life, and the globally young and comparatively thin ice shell of Europa may contain biosignatures that are readily accessible to a surface lander. Europa's icy shell also offers the opportunity to study tectonics and geologic cycles across a range of mechanisms and compositions. Here we detail the goals and mission architecture of the Europa Lander mission concept, as developed from 2015 through 2020. The science was developed by the 2016 Europa Lander Science Definition Team (SDT), and the mission architecture was developed by the preproject engineering team, in close collaboration with the SDT. In 2017 and 2018, the mission concept passed its mission concept review and delta-mission concept review, respectively. Since that time, the preproject has been advancing the technologies, and developing the hardware and software, needed to retire risks associated with technology, science, cost, and schedule. Title: Study of some characteristics of solar energetic particles and associated solar activities during 1996-2016 Authors: Mittal, Nishant; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2019NewA...69...74M Altcode: Solar energetic particles (SEP) are believed to originate from two different sources, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares. In this paper, we have also investigated some statistical properties such as speed, apparent angular width, acceleration, latitude distribution of SEP effective CMEs observed during the period 1996-2016 covering the solar cycle 23 and solar cycle 24. We find that 76% SEP event associated with solar flares originates in the western hemisphere. We also found that SEP associated CMEs are faster and nearly halo in nature. The study shows that mean starting frequency of SEP events associated DH-type II radio burst is 10.9 MHz. We have also investigated the time delay between the flare start/peak time and related SEP, CME and type II burst start time and it is to be found that almost all SEP events occur later than the start time of the flare, CME, m-type II bursts and DH type II radio events. Title: On the Origin of Solar Halo Coronal Mass Ejections Authors: Verma, V. K.; Mittal, Nishant Bibcode: 2019AstL...45..164V Altcode: We present an investigation of halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) to understand the origin of HCMEs which is very important because HCMEs are regarded as main causes of heliospheric and geomagnetic disturbances. In this study, we have investigated 313 HCMEs observed during 1996-2012 by LASCO, coronal holes (CHs) and solar flares phenomena. On investigation of 313 HCMEs and related solar flares and coronal holes data, we find that all 313 HCMEs were observed when there were CHs and solar flares within 10° to 60°. We also find that the 128 (40.8%) and 74 (23.6%) HCMEs events were observed when there were CHs and solar flares within 10° and 20°, respectively. The speed of HCMEs does not increase with the increase of the area of CHs while the solar winds speed increases with increase of CHs area. We are of the view that the HCMEs may have been produced by some mechanism, in which the mass ejected by solar flares or active prominences, gets connected with the open magnetic lines of CHs (source of high speed solar wind streams) and moves along them to appear as a HCMEs, earlier suggested by Verma and Pande (1989) and Verma (1998, 2002). The various results obtained in the present analysis are discussed in the light of existing scenario of heliospheric physics. Title: On some characteristics of large kinetic energy coronal mass ejections during 1996-2015 Authors: Mittal, Nishant; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2018NewA...63....6M Altcode: We have studied the characteristics of large kinetic energy coronal mass ejections (LE-CMEs) (kinetic energy ≥1E + 31 ergs) observed between the time period years 1996-2015. During the study period, total 1250 CMEs occurred, which have their kinetic energy ≥1E + 31 ergs. Out of these 1250 events; only 314 events have proper acceleration, mass, kinetic energy and velocity, so other events are left out due to uncertainty or non availability of data. Out of 314 LE-CMEs there are 207 LE-CMEs those are not associated with solar flare events. Only 107 LE-CME events are associated with flares on solar disc. Our study shows that the average and the median linear speed of 314 LE-CMEs events are 835 km/s and 817 km/s, respectively. There are 197 LE-CMEs those are halo but we left out them from our study because of uncertainty in mass and energy. The angular widths of LE-CMEs for selected data set are less than ≤120° with a mean value of angular width as 84°. The mean value of mass and kinetic energy of LE-CMEs is 8.96E + 15 g and 2.38E + 31 ergs, respectively. The mean value of acceleration of large kinetic energy CMEs is 0.84 m/s2. It is also found that most of the events are biased towards acceleration that shows that large kinetic energy CMEs accelerate in general. The study also shows that 107 large kinetic energy CMEs associated with flares occurred when there is coronal holes (CH) in the nearby area and the mean distance between CMEs/ flares and the boundary of a coronal hole (CH) is 24°. We also find that mass and kinetic energy of CMEs do not depend on the location of CME and associated flare on the solar disc. It is also found that it is not necessary that energetic flares should associate with LE-CMEs. Title: Multi-wavelength view of an M2.2 solar flare on 26 november 2000 Authors: Chandra, R.; Verma, V. K.; Rani, S.; Maurya, R. A. Bibcode: 2017NewA...51..105C Altcode: 2016arXiv160805796C In this paper, we present a study of an M2.2 class solar flare of 26 November 2000 from NOAA AR 9236. The flare was well observed by various ground based observatories (ARIES, Learmonths Solar Observatory) and space borne instruments (SOHO, HXRS, GOES) in time interval between 02:30 UT to 04:00 UT. The flare started with long arc-shape outer flare ribbon. Afterwards the main flare starts with two main ribbons. Initially the outer ribbons start to expand with an average speed (∼20 km s-1) and later it shows contraction. The flare was associated with partial halo coronal mass ejection (CMEs) which has average speed of 495 km s-1. The SOHO/MDI observations show that the active region was in quadrupolar magnetic configuration. The flux cancellation was observed before the flare onset close to flare site. Our analysis indicate the flare was initiated by the magnetic breakout mechanism. Title: Relationship of decametric-hectometric type II radio burst, coronal mass ejections and solar flare observed during 1997-2014 Authors: Mittal, Nishant; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2017NewA...50...60M Altcode: In the present study we have investigated 426 DH Type II radio burst and associated CMEs events observed during the time period of 1997-2014. The starting frequency of most of associated DH type-II bursts (85%) lies in the range of 1-14 MHz (364 out of 426) with mean value of starting frequency is ∼11 MHz. The study of starting frequency (1-16 MHz) of DH type II bursts and heliocentric distance in solar radii indicate that DH type II radio bursts originate from 2.2-4.5 (RS) heliocentric distance in solar radii. We also found that the ∼ 48% DH Type II radio bursts associated CMEs are located between ± 40° of solar central disc and we also found that duration of DH type II radio bursts located at solar disc center are more than the duration of DH type II radio bursts located at solar limb. It is found that mean value for linear and initial speed of DH Type II associated CMEs are 1157 km/s and 1200 km/s, respectively. The CMEs speed are not correlated with duration of DH Type II radio bursts indicate that the durations of DH Type II radio bursts does not depend on speed of CMEs. The study also show that 426 DH type II radio bursts associated CMEs/flares occurred when there is coronal holes(CH) in nearby area and the mean distance between DH type II burst associated CMEs/ flares and boundary of coronal hole (CH) is 26°. The study also shows that there is no relation between drift velocity of DH type II radio bursts and speed of CMEs. The study also indicate that about 45% flares those associated DH Type II radio bursts have duration about 60 minutes and long duration DH Type II radio bursts are associated with X-class flares. We have also discussed that the results obtained in the present investigation in view of latest heliophysics interpretations. Title: Relationship of EIT waves phenomena with Coronal Mass Ejections Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2017psio.confE..68V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the statistical characteristics of radio-loud and radio-quiet halo coronal mass ejections and their associated flares during solar cycles 23 and 24 Authors: Mittal, Nishant; Sharma, Joginder; Verma, Virendar Kumar; Garg, Vijay Bibcode: 2016NewA...47...64M Altcode: We have studied the characteristics of radio-loud (RL) and radio-quiet (RQ) front side halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) (angular width 360°) observed between the time period years 1996-2014. RL-HCMEs are associated with type II radio bursts, while RQ-HCMEs are not associated with type II radio bursts. CMEs near the Sun in the interplanetary medium associated with radio bursts also affect the magnetosphere. The type II radio burst data was observed by WIND/WAVES instrument and HCMEs were observed by LASCO/ SOHO instruments. In our study, we have examined the properties of RL-HCMEs and RQ-HCMEs and found that RL-HCMEs follow the solar cycle variation. Our study also shows that the 26% of slow speed HCMEs and 82% of fast speed HCMEs are RL. The average speed of RL-HCMEs and RQ-HCMEs are 1370 km/s and 727 km/s, respectively. Most of the RQ-HCMEs occur around the solar disc center while most of RL-HCMEs are uniformly distributed across the solar disc. The mean value of acceleration of RL-HCMEs is more than twice that of RQ-HCMEs and mean value of deceleration of RL- HCMEs is very small compare to RQ-HCMEs events. It is also found that RQ-HCMEs events are associated with C- and M-class of SXR flares, while RL-HCMEs events are associated with M and X-class of SXR flares, which indicates that the RQ-HCMEs are less energetic than the RL-HCMEs. We have also discussed the various results obtained in present investigation in view of recent scenario of solar physics. Title: AEGIS Intelligent Targeting Deployed for the Curiosity Rover's ChemCam Instrument Authors: Francis, R.; Estlin, T.; Gaines, D.; Doran, G.; Gasnault, O.; Johnstone, S.; Montaño, S.; Mousset, V.; Verma, V.; Bornstein, B.; Burl, M.; Schaffer, S.; Wiens, R. C. Bibcode: 2016LPI....47.2487F Altcode: Rover picks, zaps rocks / Without Earth-in-the-loop wait / More mission science. Title: On Halo CMEs relation with Solar Flares and Coronal Holes observed during 1996-2008 Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2012cosp...39.2083V Altcode: 2012cosp.meet.2083V In the present paper we have studied the reconnection of chromospheric active regions events and uni-polar regions (Coronal Holes/CH) leading to the production of solar halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs). To carry out this study we have used HCMEs data for the period April 1996 and December 2008 observed by LASCO/ SOHO and the daily solar CH maps observed and CH synoptic chart prepared at KPNO for the same period. We also used solar activity events data recorded by EIT instruments aboard SOHO, X-ray images of Sun recorded by Yohkoh mission, solar activity events recorded in Hα emission from various ground based-based observatories. To understand the role of CH maps in 10830 A and Chromospheric solar active region events we first matched time of onset of HCMEs with time of solar events in Hα or EIT data. Secondly we looked for the spatial location of solar activity phenomena and CH maps on the solar disk. From this study we find that 29.5% HCMEs were observed when there were CHs within 1-10 degree of flares locations, 26.5% H-CMEs were observed when there were CHs within 11-20 degree of flares locations, 17.9% HCMEs were observed when there were CHs within 21-30 degree of flares locations, 14.5% H-CMEs were observed when there were CHs within 31-40 degree of flares locations, and 11.6% H-CMEs were observed when there were CHs within > 40 and ∼60 degree of flares locations. We are of the view that the HCMEs have been produced by some mechanism, in which the mass ejected by some solar flares or active prominences, gets connected with the open magnetic lines of CHs (source of high speed solar wind streams) and moves along them to appear as suggested earlier by Verma and Pande (1989) and Verma (1998). References: Verma, V. K. & Pande, M. C. (1989) Proc. IAU Colloq. 104 Solar and Stellar Flares (Poster Papers), Stanford University, Stanford, USA, p.239. Verma, V. K.(1998) Journal of Geophysical Indian Union, 2, 65. Title: On the arrival times of halo coronal mass ejections in the vicinity of the Earth Authors: Mittal, Nishant; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2012cosp...39.1255M Altcode: 2012cosp.meet.1255M It is well known that the arrival times of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) in the vicinity of the Earth play an important role for solar terrestrial environment. For the forecasting of Space Weather, It is necessary to predict the CMEs arrival time at 1 AU. Here, using LASCO halo CMEs data of 246 events observed during time period 1996-2008, we have tried to predict the arrival times as accurately as possible of full halo CMEs only. We have also studied arrival time of halo CMEs associated with type II radio bursts and X-class soft x-ray bursts, separately. The results obtained in the present investigation are discussed in the light recent scenario of CMEs understanding. Title: On Multi-wavelength Study of a M2.2 Solar Flare Observed on 26 November, 2000 from NOAA AR 9236 Authors: Verma, V. K.; Chandra, Ramesh Bibcode: 2012cosp...39.2084V Altcode: 2012cosp.meet.2084V No abstract at ADS Title: Relationship of great soft X-ray flares with other solar activity phenomena Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2011Ap&SS.334...83V Altcode: 2011Ap&SS.tmp..173V We present study of relationship of GSXR flares with H α flares, hard X-ray (HXR) bursts, microwave (MW) bursts at 15.4 GHz, type II/IV radio bursts, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), protons flares (>10 MeV) and ground level enhancement (GLE) events we find that about 85.7%, 93%, 97%, 69%, 60%, 11.1%, 79%, 46%, and 23%% GSXR flares are related/associated with observed H α flares, HXR bursts, MW bursts at 15.4 GHz, type II radio bursts, type IV radio bursts, GLE events, CMEs, halo CMEs, and proton flares (>10 MeV), respectively. In the paper we have studied the onset time delay of GSXR flares with H α flares, HXR, and MW bursts which shows the during majority GSXR flares SXR emissions start before the H α, HXR and MW emissions, respectively while during 15-20% of GSXR flares the SXR emissions start after the onset of H α, HXT and MW emissions, respectively indicating two types of solar flares. The, onset time interval between SXR emissions and type II radio bursts, type IV radio bursts, GLE events CMEs, halo CMEs, and protons flares are 1-15 min, 1-20 min, 21-30 min, 21-40 min, 21-40 min, and 1-4 hrs, respectively. Following the majority results we are of the view that the present investigations support solar flares models which suggest flare triggering first in the corona and then move to chromospheres/ photosphere to starts emissions in other wavelengths. The result of the present work is largely consistent with "big flare syndrome" proposed by Kahler (1982). Title: Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity Terramechanics Across Ripple Covered Bedrock in Meridiani Planum Authors: Arvidson, R. E.; van Dyke, L.; Bennett, K.; Zhou, F.; Iagnemma, K.; Senatore, C.; Lindemann, R.; Trease, B.; Maxwell, S.; Bellutta, P.; Stroupe, A.; Hartman, F.; Verma, V.; Ali, K. Bibcode: 2011LPI....42.1503A Altcode: This abstract summarizes Opportunity's drives since leaving Victoria crater, issues associated with high slippage and sinkage during traverses, and soil and terrain properties retrieved from modeling the drives and the wheel-soil interactions. Title: On the Long-Term Cyclic Period of North-South Asymmetry of Solar Active Region Phenomena Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2009ASPC..416..483V Altcode: In this paper we have studied North-South (N-S) asymmetry of various solar phenomena for the period of solar cycles 6-23. The data includes sunspot data, flares (x-ray, white light, etc.) data and active prominences. The present study shows that the N-S asymmetry has a long-term period of 11 solar cycles.The study also shows that the N-S asymmetry during solar cycles 22 and 23 are southern dominated as predicted by Verma (1992). On the basis of this study we are of the view that N-S asymmetry for various solar phenomena may be southern dominated during solar cycle 24 and that the asymmetry may shift to the northern hemisphere during solar cycle 25 as suggested by Verma (1992). The result of this study may be helpful to understand long-term helioseismic phenomena and dynamo models of the Sun which are based on the magnetic fields related to solar active regions. Title: Plan Execution Interchange Language (PLEXIL) for Executable Plan and Command Sequence Authors: Verma, V.; Estlin, T.; Jonsson, A.; Pasareanu, C.; Simmons, R.; Tso, K. Bibcode: 2005ESASP.603E..11V Altcode: 2005aira.confE..11V No abstract at ADS Title: Classification of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections Based on LASCO Observations Authors: Verma, V. K.; Sawant, H. S. Bibcode: 2004cosp...35..629V Altcode: 2004cosp.meet..629V In this paper we present a new classification of solar coronal mass ejections (CME) based on initail speed of CMEs events observed by LASCO/ SOHO. As we know that for mass ejections from Sun's surface the required escape velocity is about 618 km/sec and as the height increases in the solar atmosphere the escape velocity of mass ejection decreases with height of solar atmosphere. Keeping this fact in mind, we have studied and classified the CMEs observed in years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003. In classifying CMEs we assume that if the initial observed speed of CMEs material is less than the escape velocity at that solar atmospheric height then we call such CMEs as non-escape speed-CMEs(NES-CMEs) and if the initial speed of CMEs material is more than the escape velocity at that solar atmospheric height then we call such CMEs as escape speed-CMEs(ES-CMEs). Further, if the initial speed of CMEs material is more 1000 km/sec at that solar atmospheric height then we call such CMEs as high speed-CMEs(HS-CMEs). From the study of LASCO CMEs observed in years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 we found that about 42% CMEs were NES-CMEs, 48% CMEs were ES-CMEs and ∼ 10% CMEs were HS-CMEs. We further studied the few properties of NES-CMES, ES-CMEs and HV-CMEs that includes latitudinal distribution, speed distribution, accelaration distribution and duration distribution etc. of all classes of CMEs. Title: Relatioship of Coronal Mass Ejections observed by LASCO/ SOHO with Solar flares and Coronal Holes Authors: Verma, V. K.; Sawant, H. S. Bibcode: 2004cosp...35..628V Altcode: 2004cosp.meet..628V The CMEs observed by LASCO coronagraph and associated solar activity phenomena whose locations were identified by EIT instruments and solar H-alpha flares observations during years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 indicate that about 40%, 26% and 30% CMEs were observed when there were coronal holes (CHs) within 1-10, 11-20 and 21-40 degrees, respectively from the location of solar H-alpha flares. The CHs data used in the study were taken from KPNO, USA website. From the study carried out in the present paper we are of the view that CMEs might have been produced by some mechanism by which the mass ejected by some solar flares or active prominences, gets connected with open magnetic lines of CHs (source of high speed solar wind streams) and moves along them to appear as CMEs. Title: Solar Flares Activity in Active Region NOAA 9033 on 12th June 2000 Authors: Verma, V. K.; Sawant, H. S. Bibcode: 2004cosp...35..630V Altcode: 2004cosp.meet..630V In the paper, we present a study of three homologous H-alpha flares observed on 12th June 2000 in active region (AR) NOAA 9033. During the observation of AR NOAA 9033 on 12th June 2000, we observed 1st solar flare between 0135-0155 UT, 2nd flare between 0236-0253 UT and 3rd flare between 0259-0323 UT. We have also analysed 17 GHz radio data observed from Nobeyama Observatory, Japan of same location and same duration to understand the origin of flare like activity in H-alpha and 17 GHz radio data. The present study support the quadrapolar reconnection scenario and also shows the presence of 6.7 min periodcity in intensity data estimated from the site of the homologous flares. Title: Study of Three Homologous Solar Flares Observed from Active Region NOAA 9033 on 12th June 2000 Authors: Verma, V. K.; Vats, Hari Om Bibcode: 2003BASI...31..289V Altcode: In the paper, we present a study of three homologous H flares observed on 12th June 2000 in active region (AR) NOAA 9033. During the observation of AR NOAA 9033 on 12th June 2000, we observed 1st solar flare between 0135-0155 UT, 2nd flare between 0236-0253 UT and 3rd flare between 0259-0323 UT. The present study supports the quadrapolar reconnection scenario presented by Machado et al. (1983) and also shows the presence of 26.7 min periodicity in intensity data estimated from the site of the homologous flares. Title: Estimation of Fried's Parameter From Specklegrams of Solar Features Authors: Sridharan, R.; Venkatakrishnan, P.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2002SoPh..211..395S Altcode: A few methods of estimating Fried's parameter (r0) from specklegrams of solar features are described. Some of these methods were used to estimate r0 for the speckle data obtained from Kodaikanal Observatory (KO), Uttar Pradesh State Observatory (UPSO) and Udaipur Solar Observatory (USO). The average value of r0 was found to be ∼ 3 cm at USO and UPSO during our observations. At KO, values of r0 ranging from 6 to 10 cm were estimated. Title: On the occurrence rate of slow speed solar wind strams Authors: Verma, V. Bibcode: 2002cosp...34E1915V Altcode: 2002cosp.meetE1915V We have investigated the rate of occurrence of slow speed solar wind (SSSW) streams observed between 1977-1983 using power spectrum analysis technique. The data for this analysis have been taken from the paper by Lundstedt (1989). The power spectrum analysis of SSSW streams indicate that SSSW stream events have a periodicity of 6.0 and 3.0 days. The 3.0 days is a folding frequency of 6.0 days. Since according to Lundstedt (1989) the SSSW events originate from the regions above the coronal neutral line therefore 6.0 days periodicity may be the time for energy build up period in regions above the coronal neutral line to produce a SSSW events. References: Lundstedt, H. (1989) Solar Physics, 123, 177. Title: Coronal Mass Ejections: Relationship with Solar Flares and Coronal Holes Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2002mwoc.conf..319V Altcode: The results of an analysis of the relationship of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with solar flares and coronal holes are presented. In the present study CME's observed by LASCO coronagraph and whose locations were identified by EIT instruments are used in the present study. The coronal holes data used in study were observed by KPNO, USA. From the study we have found that about 40% CMEs were observed when there were coronal holes within 5 degrees from the location of solar flares and 22% CMEs were observed when there were coronal holes within 10 degrees from the location of solar flares. Further, 33% CMEs were observed when there were coronal holes present within 15-25 degrees from the location of solar flares. The present work supports the view that the origin of CME's has a relationship with coronal holes in close vicinity as suggested by Verma and Pande(1989) and Verma(1998). Title: Study of periodicities of high speed solar wind streams observed during solar cycles 20, 21 and 22. Authors: Verma, V. Bibcode: 2002cosp...34E1854V Altcode: 2002cosp.meetE1854V Here we have investigated the periodicity of high speed solar wind (HSSW) streams using the technique of power spectrum analysis. The data for HSSW streams has been taken from the papers by Lindblad and Lundstedt (1981), Mavromichalaki et.al.(1988),and Mavromichalaki and Vassilaki (1998). The power spectrum analysis of the daily HSSW streams events for the period 1965-76(solar cycle 20) shows peaks of 14, 7, 2.9 and 2.4 days, daily HSSW events for the period 1977-86 (solar cycle 21) shows peaks of 7.0,5.2, 3.4, and 2.9. and daily HSSW events for the period 1987-96(solar cycle 22) shows peaks of 7.4, and 2.8. The HSSW events for period 1965-96(solar cycles 20,21 and 22) shows peaks of 7, 2.9 and 2.6 days. The common period from above study is 7 and 2.9 days. The 2.9 days and others period are folding frequency. The 7 days periodicity is close to the 1/4th of solar rotation which may be the time for energy build for coronal holes to produce a HSSW streams. References: Lindblad, B. A., and Lundstedt, H.(1981)Solar Phys., 74,197. Mavromichalaki, H., et.al.(1988) Solar Phys.,115, 345. Mavromichalaki, H and Vassilaki, A (1998) Solar Phys.,183, 181. Title: Periodic behaviour of the North-South Asymmetry of Solar Phenomena Authors: Verma, V. Bibcode: 2002cosp...34E1852V Altcode: 2002cosp.meetE1852V We report here a study of various solar phenomena occurring in both north and south hemispheres of the Sun during solar cycles 8-23. In the study we have used sunspot data for the period 1832-1976 and 01/1996 to 04/2002 and flare index data for the period 1936-1993 (Atac and Ozguc, 1996), Hα flare data 1993-1998 and solar active prominences data for the period 1957-1998. Earlier Verma (1992,1993) reported long-term cyclic period in N S asymmetry and also reported that the N-S- asymmetry of solar activity phenomena during solar cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24 will be south dominated and the N-S asymmetry will shift to north hemisphere in solar cycle 25. The present study shows that the N-S asymmetry during solar cycles 22 and 23 are southern dominated as suggested by Verma (1992). References: Atac, T. and Ozguc, A., 1996,Solar Phys., 166, 201 Verma, V. K., 1992, ASP Conf. Series, 27, 429. Verma, V. K., 1993, Ap. J., 403, 797. Title: Relatioship of Coronal Mass Ejections with Solar flares and Coranal Holes Authors: Verma, V. Bibcode: 2002cosp...34E1853V Altcode: 2002cosp.meetE1853V The CMEs observed by LASCO coronagraph and associated solar activity phenomena whose locations were identified by EIT instruments and solar Hα flares observations during years 2000 and 2001 indicate that about 40%, 26% and 30% CMEs were observed when there were coronal holes (CHs) within 1-10, 11-20 and 21-40 degrees, respectively from the location of solar Hα flares. The CHs data used in the study were taken from KPNO, USA website. From the study carried out in the present paper we are of the view, as also earlier sugge sted by Verma and Pande (1989), that CMEs might have been produced by some mechanism by which the mass ejected by some solar flares or active prominences, gets connected with open magnetic lines of CHs (source of high speed solar wind streams) and moves along them to appear as CMEs. References: Verma, V. K. & Pande, M. C, Proc. IAU Colloq. 104 " Solar and Stellar Flares" Poster Paper (Eds. B. M. Haisch and M. Rodono), Stanford University, Stanford, USA, p. 239 (1989) Title: On the Periodicity of High Speed Solar Wind Streams Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2001SSRv...97..205V Altcode: In the paper we have investigated the periodicity of high speed solar wind (HSSW) streams using the technique of power spectrum analysis. The data for HSSW streams has been taken from the papers by Lindblad and Lundstedt (1981, 1983) and Lindblad et al. (1989) The power spectrum analysis of the daily HSSW streams events for the period 1964 1975 (solar cycle 20) shows peaks of 14, 7, 2.9 and 2.6 days, and daily HSSW events for the period 1976 1982 (solar cycle 21) shows peaks of 15.4, 7, 2.9 and 2.6 days. The HSSW events for period 1964 1982 (solar cycles 20-21) shows peaks of 15.4, 7, 3.7, 2.9 and 2.6 days. The common periods from above study are 7, 2.9 and 2.6 days. The 2.9, 2.6 days and other periods are folding frequency. The 7 days periodicity is close to the 1/4th of solar rotation which may be the time for energy build up for coronal holes to produce HSSW streams. Title: Periodic Variation of the North-South Asymmetry of Solar Activity Phenomena Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2000JApA...21..173V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the distribution and asymmetry of solar active prominences Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2000SoPh..194...87V Altcode: The paper presents the results of a study of the distribution and asymmetry of solar active prominences (SAP) for the period 1957-1998 (solar cycles 19-23). The east-west (E-W) distribution study shows that the frequency of SAP events in the 81-90° slice (in longitude) near the east and west limbs is up to 10 times greater than in the 1-10° slice near the central meridian of the Sun. The north-south (N-S) latitudinal distribution shows that the SAP events are most prolific in the 11-20° slice in the northern and southern hemispheres. Further, the E-W asymmetry of SAP events is not significant. The N-S asymmetry of SAP events is significant and it has no relation with the solar maximum year or solar minimum year during solar cycles. Further, the present study also shows that the N-S asymmetry for cycles 19-23 follows and confirms the trend of N-S asymmetry cycles as reported by Verma (1992). Title: Surge activities on November 26-28, 1990 Authors: Uddin, Wahab; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 2000BASI...28..125U Altcode: We report here a study of 8 solar surges observed in H? emission on the west solar limb (active region NOAA 6368) on 26, 27 and 28 November 1990. Three surges were observed on 26 November of durations 35, 86 and 40 min at the time intervals of 20 and 25 min respectively for successive events. Again in the same active region, we have observed two solar surges of durations 56 and 101 min on 27 November at an interval of 10 min. Three surges were also observed on 28 November of durations 25, 138 and 95 mins at the time intervals of 10 and 20 min respectively for successive events. Using photographic observations, we have studied the morphological behaviour and estimated the height, mass, radial velocity, mechanical energies and magnetic fields associated with the 8 surges. The x-ray and radio data observed during the surges are also included in the study. The various parameters estimated from the observed data are discussed in light of solar surge theories. Title: Development of an Instrument for the Observation of Solar Hα Flares With Time Resolution of 25 ms Authors: Verma, V. Bibcode: 1999ASPC..183..288V Altcode: 1999hrsp.conf..288V No abstract at ADS Title: Proposed 60-cm Solar Vacuum Telescope with Multi-Channel Facility of UPSO, Nainital, India Authors: Verma, V. Bibcode: 1999ASPC..183..213V Altcode: 1999hrsp.conf..213V No abstract at ADS Title: Eruption of Twisted Filament and Associated Phenomena Authors: Uddin, W.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1998ASPC..150..338U Altcode: 1998IAUCo.167..338U; 1998npsp.conf..338U No abstract at ADS Title: Eruption of twisted filament, associated flare and transient phenomena Authors: Uddin, Wahab; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1998BASI...26..200U Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Solar observational programs and facilities at UPSO, Naini Tal Authors: Gaur, V. P.; Verma, V. K.; Uddin, W. Bibcode: 1998BASI...26..289G Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Proposed 60-cm multichannel Solar Vacuum Telescope of UPSO, Naini Tal Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, W.; Gaur, V. P. Bibcode: 1998BASI...26..411V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Development of an Instrument Based on a Fibre-Bonded CCD Camera for Prominence Observations Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, W.; Gaur, V. P. Bibcode: 1998ASPC..150..506V Altcode: 1998IAUCo.167..506V; 1998npsp.conf..506V No abstract at ADS Title: Development of H alpha Prominence Monitoring System Based on the Fibre-Bonded CCD Camera Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, Wahab; Gaur, V. P. Bibcode: 1997IAUJD..19E..53V Altcode: Solar prominences are faint coronal features that are well observed through H alpha filters of passband 2 to 3 AA . The formation and disappearance of solar prominence are not well understood because of lack homogeneously observed data. In an attempt to improve the situation, we have developed and tested an instrument based on fibre-bonded CCD camera for the prominence observations. To record faint prominence features, we are using solid aluminized glass cone which reflect the bright photospheric light outside the telescope tube. The CCD camera system employ thermo-electrically cooled FTS cooled probe camera head (ambient temperature -42 C) with TK 1024 CCD class I chip (pixel size 24 times 24 micron). A fibre-bonded CCD instrument is installed at the focus of 15 cm f/15 coude's refractor telescope after H alpha filter. The Poster provides further details on the system. The instrument provides data for studies of the origin of coronal mass ejections. Solar prominences observed in H alpha with the new prominence monitor is used to study the relationship between solar prominences and coronal mass ejection events as observed with SOHO coronagraph. Title: Development of H alpha Flare Observing System Based on the CCD Camera Time Resolutions of 25 MS Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, Wahab; Gaur, V. P. Bibcode: 1997IAUJD..19E..54V Altcode: The H alpha emission line (6563 AA) provide spatial information very accurately to study electron time of flight information which is crucial for determining the energy release processes in solar flare. Kampher and Magun (1983) and other have shown that there is a component of the H alpha emission that shows impulsive variations that coincide with microwave spikes. The expected rapid onset of H alpha during flares will be compared with microwave and hard X-ray emission to understand the physical processes in solar flares during flare triggering. Keeping the above problem in mind we have developed and tested a CCD camera (100x100 pixels) system for observing H alpha images of the solar flares with time resolution > 25 ms. This CCD camera system employ CCD chip EEV37 (512x512 pixels), pixel sizes 15 micron The camera controller of the system has variable read out rate 0.5 - 4.0 Mega pixels/s with 12 bit (4096 grey levels) resolution. At present the CCD system has maximum read out rate of 2M pixels/s. The Poster gives further details about the system. A flare time profile and contours of solar H alpha flare kernel, will be presented and discussed and serve to demonstrate the performance of the new instrument. Title: CCD observations of the total solar eclipse of October 24, 1995. Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, W.; Gaur, V. P.; Joshi, G. C.; Bondal, K. R. Bibcode: 1997KodOB..13...29V Altcode: The observations of the solar corona during this solar eclipse were attempted in white light and in narrow band filters with peak wavelengths centered at 5303 Å (Fe XIV) and at 6474 Å [Fe X], the coronal emission lines. The equipment used for the observations is briefly discussed. Nine coronal images in the red line were successfully obtained. The preliminary results of the observations are also presented. Title: Total solar eclipse observations of 24 October 1995 from Meja Khas, Allahabad Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, Wahab; Gaur, V. P.; Joshi, G. C.; Bondal, K. R.; Pant, P. Bibcode: 1996BASI...24..653V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Development of a High Speed CCD Camera System for the Observation of Solar Hα Flares Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, Wahab; Gaur, V. P. Bibcode: 1996JKASS..29..391V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Eruptive prominence associated with limb flare of 25 January 1991 Authors: Uddin, Wahab; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1996Ap&SS.243..173U Altcode: 1996IAUCo.154..173V; 1996Ap&SS.243..173V We have observed an eruptive prominence at the east solar limb on 25 January 1991 which started earlier than 0623 UT and was associated with a limb flare (S16 E90) of class 1B/ X10.0. We have recorded a huge mass ejection in the corona by the limb flare associated eruptive prominence. The eruptive prominence ejected a part of the loop in the corona with maximum speed of about 1280 km/sec. The ejected material attain height upto 150,000 km in the corona and finally faded/disappeared in the corona. During the ascending phase of the prominence material in the corona there was a unscrewing of the loop system associated with the eruptive prominence. The type II, III, and IV radio bursts were also reported by a number of Radio Observatories during observation of the eruptive prominence. The high flux of sudden ionospheric disturbances and the solar radio emissions on fixed frequencies (245 80000 MHz) were also recorded. The eruptive prominence associated with limb flare also shows increased proton flux (>10 MeV) during its occurence. The flare was classified as X10.0 flare. In this paper we have analysed the observed data and compared it with the theoretical model of the solar flare. Title: Eruptive Prominence Associated with Limb Flare of 1991JAN25 Authors: Uddin, W.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1995JApAS..16..385U Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Study of Solar Flares Observed in Hard X-Ray and Soft X-Ray Emissions Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1995JApAS..16..385V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Recurrent Surge Activity from Active Region NOAA:6368 Authors: Uddin, W.; Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1995JApAS..16..387U Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Relationship of coronal mass ejections with solar flares, prominences and coronal holes Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, Wahab Bibcode: 1995sowi.confR..98V Altcode: We have investigated more than 450 coronal mass ejections (CME's) observed between 1979-1985 (by SOLWIND) having speed more than 500 km/s. To carry out the study we have used the method of time and spatial correlations. From the study we have found the following: (1) About 50% CMEs are related with coronal holes; (2) About 15% CMEs are related with solar flares; (3) About 25% CMEs are associated with eruptive prominence; and (4) About 10% CMEs are not related with any solar phenomena. The relationship of CMEs and solar radio bursts are also studied. In the light of above, we are of the view that there may be two types of CMEs. The origin of one of them may be related with coronal holes and that for other may be solar flares and prominences. Title: On periodicity of solar wind phenomena Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C. Bibcode: 1995sowi.confQ..98V Altcode: We have investigated the rate of occurrence of solar wind phenomena observed between 1972-1984 using power spectrum analysis. The data have been taken from the high speed solar wind (HSSW) streams catalogue published by Mavromichalaki et al. (1988). The power spectrum analysis of HSSW events indicate that HSSW stream events have a periodicity of 9 days. This periodicity of HSSW events is 1/3 of the 27 days period of coronal holes which are the major source of solar wind events. In our opinion the 9 days period may be the energy build up time to produce the HSSW stream events. Title: On the Periodicity of Solar Wind Phenomena Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C. Bibcode: 1995JApAS..16R.387V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Mass Transfer and Surge Activity of 1993MAY14 Authors: Verma, V. K.; Uddin, W. Bibcode: 1995JApAS..16Q.387V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the Occurrence Rate of High Speed Solar Wind Events Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C. Bibcode: 1994SoPh..155..401V Altcode: We have investigated the rate of occurrence of solar wind phenomena observed between 1972-1984 using power-spectrum analysis. The data have been taken from the high-speed solar wind (HSSW) stream catalogue published by Mavromichalaki, Vassilaki, and Marmatsouri (1988). The power-spectrum analysis of HSSW events indicates that HSSW stream events have a periodicity of 9 days. This periodicity of HSSW events is of the 27-day period of coronal holes, which are major sources of solar wind events. In our opinion, the 9-day period may be the energy build-up time for coronal hole regions to produce the HSSW stream events. Title: On the North-South Asymmetry of Solar Activity Cycles Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1993ApJ...403..797V Altcode: We report a study of various solar phenomena occurring in both northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun for solar cycles 8-22. We have calculated the N-S asymmetry indices for several solar phenomena and plotted them against the number of solar cycles. The study indicates that the N-S asymmetry has a trend of a long-term characteristic time scale of about 110 yr. An explanation of this N-S asymmetry period is not available; it may be due to the asymmetric internal magnetic structure of the Sun. Title: Study of solar type-II radio bursts and Hα flares. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1992IJRSP..21...97V Altcode: An analysis of the relationship of solar type-II radio bursts with Hα flares has been presented. The study shows that 75% of type-II bursts is associated with bright Hα flares of importance ≤1. The two-ribbon (TR) Hα flares are 15 times more strongly associated with type-II bursts than the compact flares. Type-II bursts start 1 - 15 min after the onset of Hα flares. The time interval between start of type-II bursts and peak of Hα flares is ±5 min. This differs from the results found by earlier investigators. The 66% of type-II bursts is associated with flares' bright points in Hα emissions. Title: Study of Periodicities of Solar Nuclear Gamma-Ray Flares and Sunspots Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C.; Paliwal, D. C. Bibcode: 1992SoPh..138..205V Altcode: Here we have carried out a power-spectrum analysis of solar nuclear gamma-ray (NGR) flares observed by SMM and HINOTORI satellites. The solar NGR flares show a periodicity of 152 days, confirming the existence of a 152-158 days periodicity in the occurrence of solar activity phenomena and also indicating that the NGR flares are a separate class of solar flares. The power-spectrum analysis of the daily sunspot areas on the Sun for the period 1980-1982 shows a peak around 159 days while sunspot number data do not show any periodicity (Verma and Joshi, 1987). Therefore, only sunspot area data should be treated as an indicator of solar activity and not the daily sunspot number data. Title: Coronal mass ejections and their associations with solar flares and coronal holes. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1992IJRSP..21...64V Altcode: The results of an analysis of the associations of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with solar flares and coronal holes are presented. Out of 79 CMEs whose locations and span are known, 10 CMEs circles contain solar flares. On the other hand, out of 71 CMEs (selected for the study of an association with coronal holes) 41 CMEs circles contain coronal holes. The above associations are examined by calculating the Yule's coefficients of association and found that the CMEs and solar flares are statistically not associated, while CMEs and coronal holes are statistically associated. This investigation indicates that CMEs come from coronal holes. Title: The Distribution of the North-South Asymmetry for the Various Activity Cycles Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1992ASPC...27..429V Altcode: 1992socy.work..429V No abstract at ADS Title: Search for a 152-158 days periodicity in the occurrence rate of solar flares inferred from spectral data of radio bursts Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C.; Uddin, Wahab; Paliwal, D. C. Bibcode: 1991A&AS...90...83V Altcode: A power spectrum analysis of the daily number of solar flares producing type I, II, III, IV, and V radio bursts has been carried out for the period 1980-1984. The analysis shows that type II and IV radio bursts confirm the existence of a 152-158 days periodicity in the rate of occurrence, while type I, III and V radio bursts do not show this 152-158 days periodicity. It is concluded that only type II and IV radio bursts should be used as a parameter which indicates the solar activity. Title: The Acceleration of Electrons and Ions in Solar Flares Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1991Ap&SS.183..317V Altcode: We find that gamma-ray line (GRL) emissions start later than the hard X-ray (HXR) emissions during impulsive and extended solar flares. Starting delay is more in the case of extended solar flares suggesting a slow acceleration of electrons and ions, in comparison to impulsive solar flares which indicate different acceleration mechanism for impulsive and extended solar flares. We further infer that during solar flares, electrons and ions are accelerated simultaneously and the delay between HXR and GRL emissions results mainly due to differences in acceleration times of electrons and ions to attain energies required for producing HXR emissions for electrons and GRL emissions for ions. Therefore, we are of view that a single step acceleration mechanism may work in solar flares. Title: The Distribution of Sunspots Over the Sun Authors: Uddin, Wahab; Pande, M. C.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1991Ap&SS.181..111U Altcode: The distribution of the sunspots for the period 1967 1987 (solar cycles 20 and 21) is presented here. We find that the ±11 20° latitude belt is most prolific for the occurrence of various spot types irrespective of magnetic-field ranges. Furthermore, longitudinally sunspots occur most prolifically at six or more places on the Sun. Spatially 7 9 zones are present in each hemisphere (north or south) of the Sun where about 50% sunspots occur and occupy only about 4% area of the Sun. During the above cycles at least 5 flare zones were regularly present in each hemisphere. The existing models cannot explain these active zones on the Sun. Thus, the present analysis emphasizes the need for a new magnetic models of the Sun. Title: On the Association of Solar Proton Events with Other Flare Manifestations Authors: Uddin, Wahab; Pande, M. C.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1990BAICz..41..374U Altcode: The present investigation studied the relation between solar proton flares and associated optical radio and hard X-ray events. It was found that proton flares are usually associated with large optical flares in H-alpha and long-duration type II and IV, microwave and hard X-ray bursts. The summation curve analysis shows that a sharp rise in the cumulative flares index seems to be prerequisite for the occurrence of proton flares. The correlation studies between proton flares and microwave and proton flares and hard X-ray have also ben carried out. The results obtained in the present analysis may be used to predict solar proton flares. Title: Relationship of Coronal Mass Ejection Events with Solar Flares and Coronal Holes Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1990IAUS..142..450V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the association between coronal mass ejections and coronal holes. Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1989sasf.confP.239V Altcode: 1989IAUCo.104P.239V; 1988sasf.conf..239V The coronal mass ejection (CME) data and the data for coronal holes for the period 1979 - 1982 are compared locationwise. Out of 79 CMEs whose locations and spans are known, 48 (61%) CMEs are associated with coronal holes. The authors make a tentative suggestion that probably the mass ejected during solar flares and active prominences may move along the open magnetic field of the coronal holes and appear as CMEs. Title: Microwave, hard X-ray bursts and gamma ray emission bursts from solarflares. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1988IJRSP..17...45V Altcode: A study has been carried out on the time delay between microwave (MW) emissions at 35 GHz, hard X-ray (HXR) emissions and gamma ray (GR) emissions observed during solar flares. The GR emissions are found to start about 1 min after the onset of HXR emissions during impulsive flares and 4 min after the onset of HXR emissions during extended solar flares, indicating that impulsive and extended solar flares are two different types of flares and may have different mechanisms of origin. The onset time delays in GR and HXR emissions are due to the differences in kinetic energy of electrons to produce GR and HXR photons. An investigation regarding onset time delays between GR and MW emissions has also been carried out. The GR emissions are found to start 1 min after the onset of MW emissions during impulsive flares. The MW and GR emissions originate from different mechanisms operating at different heights and are produced by electrons with differing energies, thus producing time delays. Further, it is observed that MW emissions may not be produced by relativistic electrons as suggested by some investigators. Title: On the increase of solar activity in the southern hemisphere during solar cycle 21 Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1988SoPh..114..185V Altcode: The present paper investigates the north-south asymmetry for major flares (solar cycles 19 and 20), type II radio bursts (solar cycles 19,20 and 21), white light flares (solar cycle 19,20 and 21), and gamma ray bursts, hard X-ray bursts and coronal mass ejections (solar cycle 21). The results are compared with the found asymmetry in favour of the northern hemisphere during solar cycles 19 and 20 in favour of the southern hemisphere during solar cycle 21. Title: Spatial locations of type II radio burst regions on the Sun. Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1988IJRSP..17....8V Altcode: The spatial locations of type II radio burst regions on the sun have been investigated. Latitudewise, 11-20 deg northern and southern belts are found to be type II prolific. Longitudinally, both the northern and the southern hemispheres show five to seven active longitudes. Since type II bursts are associated with most energetic flares, it can be said that spatially more than ten energetic event zones (EEZs) are present on the sun and they occupy about 3 percent area of the sun. Study of solar cycles 20 and 21 shows that at least five EEZs are present in each hemisphere of the sun. These zones cannot be explained by the existing models, and the present analysis emphasizes the need for a new magnetic model of the sun. Title: Possibility of occurrence of solar proton flares in relation to other phenomena. Authors: Uddin, W.; Pande, M. C.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1988KodOB...9..223U Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the periodicity of solar great hard X-ray bursts, energetic solar radio bursts and sunspot data. Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C. Bibcode: 1988KodOB...9..215V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Microwave and hard X-ray emission bursts during solar flares. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1987IJRSP..16..384V Altcode: Analysis of time intervals and peak fluxes between hard X-rays (HXRs) of energies 17-40 keV and solar microwave (MW) bursts observed at 3.75, 9.4, and 17 GHz during impulsive and extended solar flares shows both simultaneous emission between MW and HXR emissions and delay at onset and peak. The flares showing simultaneous emission between MW and HXR emissions may be simple loop flares. The time delay may be due to the differences in source location, mechanism, and kinetic energies of electrons required to produce MW and HXR emission bursts. The peak fluxes of the MW and the HXR emissions are well correlated during impulsive flares. Radio flux and photon counts/s increase linearly, suggesting that they may be produced by the same species of accelerated solar particles. Title: On the Periodicities of Sunspots and Solar Strong Hard X-Ray Bursts Authors: Verma, V. K.; Joshi, G. C. Bibcode: 1987SoPh..114..415V Altcode: In the present investigation, we have carried out power spectrum analysis of sunspot number and great hard x-ray (GHXR) burst (equal to or greater than 10,000 counts per second) for a period of about 6 years. The GHXR bursts show a periodicity of about 155 days. On the other hand, sunspot numbers do not show any periodicity. The GHXR burst periodicity confirms the existence of a 152-158 days periodicity in the occurrence of solar energetic events. Further, the GHXR bursts are showing periodicity independently indicating that the GHXR bursts are a separate class of X-ray flares. Title: Energetic Flare Zones on the Sun Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C.; Uddin, Wahab Bibcode: 1987SoPh..112..341V Altcode: In this investigation, we have studied the latitudinal, longitudinal (northern and southern hemispheric) distributions based on 1737 major flares observed during solar cycles 19 and 20 (see subsequent paragraphs) and have arrrived at some interesting results which go to show that as far major flares are concerned latitudewise 11-20° belts, and longitudewise 5-8 places are most prolific in producing major flares in each hemisphere. During the above cycles at least 5 flare zones are present in each hemisphere. In fact these zones seem to produce more than 50% of the total number of energetic flares investigated by us and occupy only <4% area of the Sun. Title: Relationship of solar gamma ray emissions with microwaves and other radio bursts. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1987IJRSP..16..281V Altcode: The relationships of solar gamma ray (GR) emissions with microwave (MW) and other radio bursts have been studied. The GR emissions are found to start about 1-2 min after the onset of MW emissions (on 17 GHz) or about 0.5 min before the peak of MW emissions. This time delay may be due to differences in acceleration times for accelerating the electrons for MW emissions and protons, ions and nuclei for gamma ray (also line) emissions. Further, the GR emission flares are found to be associated fairly well with type-II and type-IV radio bursts while the gamma ray line (GRL) emission flares show higher association with the type-II and type-IV radio bursts. The type-II bursts start about 6 min after the onset of GR emissions while the type-IV bursts start about 2 min before the onset of GR emissions, which show that the GR emissions and the type-II (also type-IV) may not be produced simultaneously by shock waves. Title: The Distribution of Sunspots Over the Sun Authors: Uddin, W.; Pande, M. C.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1987BASI...15...18U Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Relation Between Gamma-Ray and Hard X-Ray Emission Bursts during Solar Flares Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1987BASI...15Q..19V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: On the increase of solar activity in the Southern Hemisphere during solar cycle 21 Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1987SoPh..114..185V Altcode: The north-south asymmetry for major flares (solar cycle 19 and 20), type II radio bursts (solar cycles 19, 20, and 21), white light flares (solar cycles 19, 20, and 21), and gamma ray bursts, Hard X-ray bursts, and coronal mass ejections (solar cycle 21) is investigated. Results indicate that the asymmetry occurs in the Northern Hemisphere during cycles 19 and 20, and that it favors the Southern Hemisphere during cycle 21. It is suggested that the change in asymmetry from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere may be related to the sun's interior. Title: On Association of Radio Emission with Solar Surges Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1986SoPh..106...67V Altcode: About 45% non-flare surges are found to be associated with radio bursts inferred from spectral data. Associated surges are mostly accompanied by type I (24%) and type III (29%) bursts. Title: On the dependence of solar flare occurrence on sunspot polarity Authors: Verma, V. K.; Shelke, R. N. Bibcode: 1985BASI...13..243V Altcode: The possibility of predicting flare occurrence on the sun has been examined. It is noticed that the p-polarity dominant spot groups are more productive of flares than the f-polarity dominant spot groups. This high productivity of p-polarity dominant spot groups has been interpreted in terms of :(1) high rates of new magnetic flux eruption within the p-polarity dominant spot groups; and (2) newly erupted magnetic flux triggering flares (cf. Heyvaerts et al., 1977). Moreover, the productivities of all group types are dependent on the magnetic field strength of the spot groups. Title: Longitudinal Distribution of the Hard X-Ray Bursts on the Sun Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1985SoPh...99..285V Altcode: The analysis of 315 hard X-ray bursts (HXR) producing solar flares observed by Hinotori satellite shows that the HXR bursts occur most prominently at 110°, 140°, 290°, and 320° longitude, respectively. These longitudes are not only prolific in producing flares in number but also in producing flares with large photon counts. Title: On the Solar Surge Association with Microwave and Hard X-Ray Emission Bursts Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1985SoPh...97..381V Altcode: It is found that 20% solar surges are associated with microwave bursts (2800-15000 MHz) and also that solar surges are not associated with hard X-ray bursts (17-40 keV). Title: Time delay between H-alpha and soft X-ray emissions during solar flares Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1985BASI...13..148V Altcode: A statistical analysis of time delays between H-alpha and soft X-ray (SXR) emissions at onset and peak respectively during solar flares is presented. The authors find that at the onset of flares SXR emission starts simultaneously or up to two min earlier than H-alpha emissions. At peak flux the SXR emission is found to be peaked between 2 min before to 3 min after the H-alpha emissions. Title: Time Delay Between Hα and Hard X-Ray Emissions during Impulsive Solar Flares Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1985SoPh...97..107V Altcode: This investigation shows that statistically there are significant time delays between Hα and hard X-ray (HXR) emissions during solar flares; most impulsive flares produce HXR emissions up to ∼1 min before and up to 2 min after the onset of Hα emission. HXR emissions are also found to be peaked up to 2 min before the Hα emissions. Title: On the location of solar active longitudes Authors: Shelke, R. N.; Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1985BASI...13...53S Altcode: The longitudinal distributions of sudden ionospheric disturbances producing active regions with high flares activity and/or with at least one high energy flare particle event (PCA or GLE) have been examined. These active regions appear to cluster at four active longitudes, separated by a longitudinal distance of about 60 and 180 deg. It is also inferred that these active longitudes drift in position by about 21.55 deg per year, thus exhibiting almost rigid rotation. Quasi-periodicities of 2.3 to 5.3 yr are also seen in 12 Fourier spectra of time series of high flare activity regions in 30 deg wide longitude range. These periodicities have been interpreted as due to drifting of four active longitudes having 60 and 120 longitudinal separations. Title: Microwave and hard X-ray emission during solar flare of 19 Oct. 1981. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1984IJRSP..13..159V Altcode: Time correlation study of a double ribbon flare, observed on Oct. 19, 1981, in the light of H-alpha, microwave, and hard X-ray data is presented. The kinetic energy of electrons required to emit hard X-rays is nearly 10,000 times that of those electrons which produce microwave emission. The magnetic field and source size of the microwave emission region are found to be 375 gauss and 7 arcsec, respectively, and the kinetic energy involved in flare strand separation turns out to be 6.2 x 10 to the 27th erg/sec. Title: Longitudinal Distribution of the Cool Solar Surges Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1984SoPh...94..155V Altcode: This investigation shows that solar surges are poorly associated with sudden ionospheric disturbances (X-ray) implying that solar surge material is cool and does not heat the corona. The investigation also shows that solar surges are most prolific at longitudes 80°, 110°, 260°, and 290°. Title: On the activation of a quiescent prominence Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1983BASI...11..159V Altcode: During the observations of a quiescent prominence of 1981 November 27, the prominence got activated and mass transfer to another active centre took place with an average velocity of 32 km s-1 along a looped path. The total mass transferred to the nearby active centre is estimated to be 6.75×1015 g. Title: Twisted Surge of 1981DEC25 Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1983BASI...11...70V Altcode: Photographic observations and the morphological behaviour of the surge prominence of importance class 1 recorded with a 0.7 Å passband H-alpha filter on 1981 December 25 are described. From these observations height, mass, velocity, mechanical energy and magnetic field of the ejected surge material are estimated. Title: Double Ribbon Flare of 1981OCT19 Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1983BASI...11...38V Altcode: Photographic observations with a 0.7 Å passband H-alpha filter of the double ribbon flare which occurred near Halle plage region 17926 on 1981 October 19 are described. From the observed data, the authors have estimated the separation and the velocity of separation of the two strands. An estimate of the magnetic field associated with the flare is also given. Title: Quiescent prominence of 1981 November 27. Authors: Verma, V. K. Bibcode: 1983BASI...11...91V Altcode: No abstract at ADS Title: Surge Prominence of 1981NOV19 Authors: Verma, V. K.; Pande, M. C. Bibcode: 1982BASI...10..211V Altcode: Time-lapse photographic observations with 0.7 Å passband H-alpha filter and the morphological behaviour of the surge prominence recorded on 1981 November 19 have been described. The surge was recorded both in the ascending and descending phases. From these observations, the height, mass, velocity, magnetic field and mechanical energy involved in ejecting the mass material of the surge prominence were estimated.