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Author name code: goldman
ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14
=author:"Goldman, A."
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Title: The 2009 Astrobiology Graduate Student Conference (AbGradCon)
Authors: Som, S. M.; Anderson, R.; Antonio, M.; Cash, M. C.; Claire,
M.; Cowan, N.; Ewert, M.; Goldman, A.; Snowden, D.; Stüeken, E.
2010LPICo1538.5511S Altcode:
The 2009 AbGradCon was held at the University of Washington in July
2009. It brought together 67 participants from 8 different countries
and 34 different universities. AbGradCon also took place in the virtual
world of Second Life.
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Title: The Shortcomings of a Phenomenological Semantic System in
Origin of Life Research
Authors: Goldman, A.
2010LPICo1538.5273G Altcode:
I examine the features used to define origin of life terminology
and show that they are dominantly phenomenological. I propose an
ontology-dependent semantic system and apply it the debate over
'metabolism first' and 'replicator first' models.
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Title: The GEISA spectroscopic database: Current and future archive
for Earth and planetary atmosphere studies
Authors: Jacquinet-Husson, N.; Scott, N. A.; Chédin, A.; Crépeau,
L.; Armante, R.; Capelle, V.; Orphal, J.; Coustenis, A.; Boonne, C.;
Poulet-Crovisier, N.; Barbe, A.; Birk, M.; Brown, L. R.; Camy-Peyret,
C.; Claveau, C.; Chance, K.; Christidis, N.; Clerbaux, C.; Coheur,
P. F.; Dana, V.; Daumont, L.; De Backer-Barilly, M. R.; Di Lonardo,
G.; Flaud, J. M.; Goldman, A.; Hamdouni, A.; Hess, M.; Hurley, M. D.;
Jacquemart, D.; Kleiner, I.; Köpke, P.; Mandin, J. Y.; Massie, S.;
Mikhailenko, S.; Nemtchinov, V.; Nikitin, A.; Newnham, D.; Perrin,
A.; Perevalov, V. I.; Pinnock, S.; Régalia-Jarlot, L.; Rinsland,
C. P.; Rublev, A.; Schreier, F.; Schult, L.; Smith, K. M.; Tashkun,
S. A.; Teffo, J. L.; Toth, R. A.; Tyuterev, Vl. G.; Vander Auwera,
J.; Varanasi, P.; Wagner, G.
2008JQSRT.109.1043J Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: New cross sections, indices of refraction, and reflectance
spectra of atmospheric interest
Authors: Massie, S.; Goldman, A.
2006hitr.confE..22M Altcode:
A brief review is presented of the indices of refraction and cross
sections that are on the HITRAN 2004 compilation. New measurements of
therefractive indices of ternary (H2O/H2SO4/HNO3) droplets by Myhre
[2003,2005] and the indices of supercooled water by Wagner [2005] are
presented and compared toprevious data. New infrared cross sections
of species of atmospheric interest (e.g., the measurements of HFC-125
and HFC-143a of Lonardo and Masciarelli [2000]) are also discussed. We
finally propose to link to the "other listings" portion of the HITRAN
web site several established reflectance data bases, since many current
and futureremote sensing experiments are influenced by groundemission
and reflectance contributions.
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Title: Collaborative Study for Analysis of High Resolution Infrared
Atmospheric Spectra Between NASA Langley Research Center and the
University of Denver
Authors: Goldman, A.
2002STIN...0224010G Altcode:
The Langley-D.U. collaboration on the analysis of high resolultion
infrared atmospheric spectra covered a number of important studies of
trace gases identification and quantification from field spectra, and
spectral line parameters analysis. The collaborative work included:
1) Quantification and monitoring of trace gases from ground-based
spectra available from various locations and seasons and from balloon
flights; 2) Identification and preliminary quantification of several
isotopic species, including oxygen and Sulfur isotopes; 3) Search for
new species on the available spectra, including the use of selective
coadding of ground-based spectra for high signal to noise; 4) Update of
spectroscopic line parameters, by combining laboratory and atmospheric
spectra with theoretical spectroscopy methods; 5) Study of trends
and correlations of atmosphere trace constituents; and 6) Algorithms
developments, retrievals intercomparisons and automatization of the
analysis of NDSC spectra, for both column amounts and vertical profiles.
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Title: Observations of the Infrared Solar Spectrum from Space by
the ATMOS Experiment
Authors: Abrams, M. C.; Goldman, A.; Gunson, M. R.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Zander, R.
1999ApOpt..35.2747A Altcode:
The final flight of the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy
experiment as part of the Atmospheric na Laboratory for Applications
and Science (ATLAS-3) Space Shuttle mission in 1994 provided a new
opportunity to measure broadband 625-4800/ cm, 2.1 - 16 micron infrared
solar spectra at an unapodized resolution of 0.0l/ cm from space. The
majority of the observations were obtained as exoatmospheric, of near
Sun center, absorption spectra, which were later ratioed to grazing
atmospheric measurements to compute the atmospheric transmission of
the Earth's atmosphere and analyzed for vertical profiles of minor
and trace gases. Relative to the SPACELAB-3 mission that produced 4800
high Sun spectra (which were averaged into four grand average spectra),
the ATLAS-3 mission produced some 40,000 high Sun spectra (which have
been similarly averaged) with an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio
of a factor of 3-4 in the spectral region between 1000 and 4800/ cm. A
brief description of the spectral calibration and spectral quality is
given as well as the location of electronic archives of these spectra.
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Title: The 1997 spectroscopic GEISA databank.
Authors: Jacquinet-Husson, N.; Arie, E.; Ballard, J.; Barbe, A.;
Bjoraker, G.; Bonnet, B.; Brown, L. R.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Champion,
J. P.; Chedin, A.; Chursin, A.; Clerbaux, C.; Duxbury, G.; Flaud,
J. -M.; Fourrie, N.; Fayt, A.; Graner, G.; Gamache, R.; Goldman, A.;
Golovko, V.; Guelachvili, G.; Hartmann, J. M.; Hilico, J. C.; Hillman,
J.; Lefevre, G.; Lellouch, E.; Mikhailenko, S. N.; Naumenko, O. V.;
Nemtchinov, V.; Newnham, D. A.; Nikitin, A.; Orphal, J.; Perrin,
A.; Reuter, D. C.; Rinsland, C. P.; Rosenmann, L.; Rothman, L. S.;
Scott, N. A.; Selby, J.; Sinitsa, L. N.; Sirota, J. M.; Smith, A. M.;
Smith, K. M.; Tyuterev, V. G.; Tipping, R. H.; Urban, S.; Varanasi,
P.; Weber, M.
1999JQSRT..62..205J Altcode:
The current version GEISA-97 of the computer-accessible database
system GEISA (Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques
Atmospheriques: Management and Study of Atmospheric Spectroscopic
Information) is described. This catalogue contains 1,346,266
entries. These are the spectroscopic parameters required to describe
adequately the individual spectral lines belonging to 42 molecules (96
isotopic species) and located between 0 and 22656 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. The
featured molecules are of interest in studies of the terrestrial as
well as the other planetary atmospheres, especially those of the giant
planets. GEISA-97 contains also a catalog of absorption cross-sections
of molecules such as chlorofluorocarbons which exhibit unresolvable
spectra. The modifications and improvements made to the earlier edition
(GEISA-92) and the data management software are described.
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Title: Improved vibration-rotation (0-1) HBr line parameters for
validating high resolution infrared atmospheric spectra measurements.
Authors: Coffey, M. T.; Goldman, A.; Hannigan, J. W.; Mankin, W. G.;
Schoenfeld, W. G.; Rinsland, C. P.; Bernardo, C.; Griffith, D. W. T.
1998JQSRT..60..863C Altcode:
Improved line parameters are generated for the HBr (0-1) fundamental
band. These new parameters, which include hyperfine structure, allow
fitting of HBr absorption features from gas cells used for long-term
validation of infrared high-resolution spectrometers.
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Title: Nitric oxide line parameters: review of 1996 HITRAN update
and new results.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Brown, I. R.; Schoenfeld, W. G.; Spencer, M. N.;
Chackerian, C., Jr.; Giver, L. P.; Dothe, H.; Rinsland, C. P.; Coudert,
L. H.; Dana, V.; Mandin, J. -Y.
1998JQSRT..60..825G Altcode:
The 1996 HITRAN database incorporated an extensive update of NO line
parameters in the 5.3 μm region. Hyperfine lines associated with the
0-1 band up to J = 46.5 were included and accuracies were greatly
improved. Better air and self-broadened widths were also included
for a number of the infrared entries but erroneously omitted for
others. These changes, as well as the complete NO database, are
critically reviewed. Recent results not yet incorporated into the
HITRAN database are described along with ongoing studies and needs
for corrections and future improvements.
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Title: Spectroscopic parameters for ozone and its isotopes:
current status, prospects for improvement, and the
identification of <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>17</SUP>O
and <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>17</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O lines in infrared
ground-based and stratospheric solar absorption spectra.
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Flaud, J. -M.; Goldman, A.; Perrin, A.;
Camy-Peyret, C.; Smith, A. H.; Devi, V. M.; Benner, D. C.; Barbe,
A.; Stephen, T. M.; Murcray, F. J.
1998JQSRT..60..803R Altcode:
The authors describe the updates to the spectroscopic parameters
of ozone and its isotopes in the 1996 HITRAN compilation. Recent
published studies not included in HITRAN are also summarized. Finally,
the authors report the identification of infrared lines of the
ν<SUB>3</SUB> bands of <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>17</SUP>O
and <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>17</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O in high-resolution
solar spectra recorded by stratospheric balloon-borne and ground-based
Fourier transform spectrometers.
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Title: ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>: spectroscopic line parameters and
cross-sections in 1996 HITRAN.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Rinsland, C. P.; Flaud, J. -M.; Orphal, J.
1998JQSRT..60..875G Altcode:
The 1996 HITRAN update of CIONO<SUB>2</SUB> line parameters and
cross-sections are reviewed. Recent results not yet incorporated into
the HITRAN database are described along with ongoing studies and needs
for improvements.
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Title: NO<SUB>2</SUB> and SO<SUB>2</SUB> line parameters: 1996 HITRAN
update and new results.
Authors: Perrin, A.; Flaud, J. -M.; Goldman, A.; Camy-Peyret, C.;
Lafferty, W. J.; Arcas, P.; Rinsland, C. P.
1998JQSRT..60..839P Altcode:
The purpose of the present paper is to describe recent progress in the
study of two molecules of atmospheric interest, namely nitrogen dioxide
(NO<SUB>2</SUB>) and sulfur dioxide (SO<SUB>2</SUB>). This progress
has led to updates in the 1996 version of the HITRAN database. Also
some recommendations for the future are given.
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Title: Improved line parameters for the X<SUP>1</SUP>Σ+ (0-0) and
(0-1) bands of HI.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Chance, K. V.; Coffey, M. T.; Hannigan, J. W.;
Mankin, W. G.; Rinsland, C. P.
1998JQSRT..60..869G Altcode:
Hyperfine lines associated with the X<SUP>1</SUP>Σ<SUP>+</SUP>
(0-0) and (0-1) bands of H<SUP>127</SUP>I are generated. Discussion
of the HI line parameters in the HITRAN and SAO databases is
presented. The new (0-0) line parameters are based on previously
published far-infrared constants. High-resolution laboratory spectra
in the infrared fundamental band region are presented and analyzed
for new fine structure spectroscopic constants, which are combined
with available hyperfine structure constants for calculating the new
(0-1) line parameters.
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Title: HNO<SUB>3</SUB> line parameters: 1996 HITRAN update and
new results.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Rinsland, C. P.; Perrin, A.; Flaud, J. -M.
1998JQSRT..60..851G Altcode:
The 1996 HITRAN update of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> absorption parameters is
reviewed, for both discrete lines and cross-sections. Recent results
not incorporated into the HITRAN database are described, as well as
ongoing studies and needs for further improvements.
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Title: The HITRAN Molecular Spectroscopic Database and HAWKS (HITRAN
Atmospheric Workstation): 1996 Edition
Authors: Rothman, L. S.; Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Massie, S. T.;
Edwards, D. P.; Flaud, J. -M.; Perrin, A.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Dana, V.;
Mandin, J. -Y.; Schroeder, J.; McCann, A.; Gamache, R. R.; Wattson,
R. B.; Yoshino, K.; Chance, K.; Jucks, K.; Brown, L. R.; Nemtchinov,
V.; Varanasi, P.
1998JQSRT..60..665R Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Isotopic ozone in the 5 μ region from high resolution
balloon-borne and ground-based FTIR solar spectra.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Schoenfeld, W. G.; Stephen, T. M.; Murcray,
F. J.; Rinsland, C. P.; Barbe, A.; Hamdouni, A.; Flaud, J. -M.;
Camy-Peyret, C.
1998JQSRT..59..231G Altcode:
High resolution (0.002-0.004 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) i.r. solar absorption
spectra of the stratosphere obtained during University of Denver
balloon flights, and from the ground-based Network for the Detection
of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) observatory at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, show
numerous spectral features of several isotopic species of O<SUB>3</SUB>,
in both the 10 μ and 5 μ regions. Many of the 5 μ lines reported
here have not been previously observed in atmospheric spectra. The
identification and quantification of the lines proceed by combined
analyses of the atmospheric spectra, laboratory spectra of enriched
samples, and updated line parameter calculations.
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Title: Updated line parameters for OH X<SUP>2</SUP>II-X<SUP>2</SUP>II
(υ″υ') transitions.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Schoenfeld, W. G.; Goorvitch, D.; Chackerian,
C., Jr.; Dothe, H.; Mélen, F.; Abrams, M. C.; Selby, J. E. A.
1998JQSRT..59..453G Altcode:
New spectral line parameters have been generated for the OH
X<SUP>2</SUP>II-X<SUP>2</SUP>II transitions for Δυ = 0..., 6,
with υ' = 0.., 10 and J<SUB>max</SUB> = 49.5. HITRAN type line
parameter sets with low intensity cutoffs are provided at 296 and
6000 K. Recent improvements in line intensities and line positions
have been incorporated into the calculations.
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Title: Improved spectral parameters for the three most abundant
isotopomers of the oxygen molecule.
Authors: Gamache, R. R.; Goldman, A.; Rothman, L. S.
1998JQSRT..59..495G Altcode:
Line positions, intensities, transition-moment squared, and
lower state energies are calculated for the three most abundant
isotopomers of the oxygen molecule in the terrestrial atmosphere,
<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB>, <SUP>18</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O and
<SUP>17</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O. All lines passing a wavenumber dependent
cutoff procedure (3.7×10<SUP>-30</SUP> cm<SUP>-1</SUP>/(molecule
cm<SUP>-2</SUP>) at 2000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) are retained for the
1996 HITRAN database. Halfwidths as a function of the transition
quantum numbers are determined from the available experimental
measurements. Explicit expressions are obtained relating line
intensities to the transition-moment squared, the vibrational band
intensity, and the electronic-vibrational Einstein-A coefficient. The
statistical degeneracy factors are presented and misuse of these factors
in previous works is explained. Finally, band-by-band comparisons
between the new calculations and the data from the previous HITRAN
database are made.
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Title: O<SUB>2</SUB> continuum: A possible explanation for the
discrepancies between measured and modeled shortwave surface
irradiances
Authors: Murcray, F. J.; Goldman, A.; Landry, J. C.; Stephen, T. M.
1997GeoRL..24.2315M Altcode:
Ground based solar spectra between 1 and 5µm (10,000 and 2000
cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) have been obtained with a new, absolutely calibrated
spectrometer. These spectra have sufficient spectral resolution
(2 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) to allow atmospheric absorption lines to be
distinguished from underlying continuum absorption. Continuum
absorption due to O<SUB>2</SUB> has been identified around 1.06µm
(9366 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>), 1.27µm (7882 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>), and 1.6µm
(6326 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>). These continuum absorptions are not included in
the HITRAN database. Similar continuum absorption should be present
around the 0.762µm (13121 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) and 0.688µm (14525
cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) bands of O<SUB>2</SUB>.
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Title: Seasonal variations of water vapor in the lower stratosphere
inferred from ATMOS/ATLAS-3 measurements of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and
CH<SUB>4</SUB>
Authors: Abbas, M. M.; Michelsen, H. A.; Gunson, M. R.; Abrams, M. C.;
Newchurch, M. J.; Salawitch, R. J.; Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.; Irion,
F. W.; Manney, G. L.; Moyer, E. J.; Nagaraju, R.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Stiller, G. P.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2401A Altcode:
Stratospheric measurements of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CH<SUB>4</SUB>
by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier
transform spectrometer on the ATLAS-3 shuttle flight in November
1994 have been examined to investigate the altitude and geographic
variability of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and the quantity H = (H<SUB>2</SUB>O +
2CH<SUB>4</SUB>) in the tropics and at mid-latitudes (8 to 49°N)
in the northern hemisphere. The measurements indicate an average
value of 7.24±0.44 ppmv for H between altitudes of about 18 to 35
km, corresponding to an annual average water vapor mixing ratio of
3.85±0.29 ppmv entering the stratosphere. The H<SUB>2</SUB>O vertical
distribution in the tropics exhibits a wave-like structure in the 16-
to 25-km altitude range, suggestive of seasonal variations in the
water vapor transported from the troposphere to the stratosphere. The
hygropause appears to be nearly coincident with the tropopause at
the time of observations. This is consistent with the phase of the
seasonal cycle of H<SUB>2</SUB>O in the lower stratosphere, since
the ATMOS observations were made in November when the H<SUB>2</SUB>O
content of air injected into the stratosphere from the troposphere is
decreasing from its seasonal peak in July-August.
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Title: A comparison of measurements from ATMOS and instruments aboard
the ER-2 aircraft: Halogenated gases
Authors: Chang, A. Y.; Salawitch, R. J.; Michelsen, H. A.; Gunson,
M. R.; Abrams, M. C.; Zander, R.; Rinsland, C. P.; Elkins, J. W.;
Dutton, G. S.; Volk, C. M.; Webster, C. R.; May, R. D.; Fahey, D. W.;
Gao, R. -S.; Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, J. R.; Stimpfle, R. M.; Kohn,
D. W.; Proffitt, M. H.; Margitan, J. J.; Chan, K. R.; Abbas, M. M.;
Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Manney, G. L.; Newchurch, M. J.; Stiller,
G. P.
1996GeoRL..23.2393C Altcode:
We compare volume mixing ratio profiles of N<SUB>2</SUB>O, CFC-11,
CFC-12, CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, SF<SUB>6</SUB>, and HCl in the mid-latitude
lower stratosphere measured by the ATMOS Fourier transform spectrometer
on the ATLAS-3 Space Shuttle Mission with in situ measurements
acquired from the NASA ER-2 aircraft during Nov 1994. Good agreement
is found between ATMOS and in situ correlations of [CFC-11], [CFC-12],
and [SF<SUB>6</SUB>] with [N<SUB>2</SUB>O]. ATMOS measurements of
[CCl<SUB>4</SUB>] are 15% high compared to ER-2 data, but agree
within the systematic uncertainties. ATMOS observations of [HCl]
vs [N<SUB>2</SUB>O] are within ∼10% of ER-2 data for [HCl] >
1 ppbv, but exceed in situ measurements by larger fractional amounts
for smaller [HCl]. ATMOS measurements of [ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>] agree
well with values inferred from in situ observations of [ClO], [NO],
and [O<SUB>3</SUB>]. The sum of [HCl] and [ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>] observed
by ATMOS, supplemented by a minor contribution from [ClO] estimated
with a photochemical model, is consistent with the levels of inorganic
chlorine inferred from in situ measurements of chlorine source gases.
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Title: ATMOS/ATLAS-3 measurements of stratospheric chlorine and
reactive nitrogen partitioning inside and outside the November 1994
Antarctic Vortex
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Gunson, M. R.; Salawitch, R. J.; Michelsen,
H. A.; Zander, R.; Newchurch, M. J.; Abbas, M. M.; Abrams, M. C.;
Manney, G. L.; Chang, A. Y.; Irion, F. W.; Goldman, A.; Mahieu, E.
1996GeoRL..23.2365R Altcode:
Partitioning between HCl and ClONO<SUB>2</SUB> and among the main
components of the reactive nitrogen family (NO, NO<SUB>2</SUB>,
HNO<SUB>3</SUB>, ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>,
and HO<SUB>2</SUB>NO<SUB>2</SUB>) has been studied inside and
outside the Antarctic stratospheric vortex based on ATMOS profiles
measured at sunrise during the 3-12 November 1994 ATLAS-3 Shuttle
mission. Elevated mixing ratios of HCl in the lower stratosphere
with a peak of ∼2.9 ppbv (10<SUP>-9</SUP> parts per volume) were
measured inside the vortex near 500 K potential temperature (∼19
km). Maximum ClONO<SUB>2</SUB> mixing ratios of ∼1.2, ∼1.4, and
∼0.9 ppbv near 700 K (∼25 km) were measured inside, at the edge,
and outside the vortex, respectively. Model calculations reproduce the
higher levels of HCl and NO<SUB>x</SUB> (NO + NO<SUB>2</SUB>) inside
the lower stratospheric vortex both driven by photochemical processes
initiated by low 0<SUB>3</SUB>. The high HCl at low O<SUB>3</SUB>
results from chemical production of HCl via the reaction of enhanced
Cl with CH<SUB>4</SUB>, Limited production of ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>,
and the descent of inorganic chlorine from higher altitudes.
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Title: ATMOS measurements of H<SUB>2</SUB>O+2CH<SUB>4</SUB> and
total reactive nitrogen in the November 1994 Antarctic stratosphere:
Dehydration and denitrification in the vortex
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Gunson, M. R.; Salawitch, R. J.; Newchurch,
M. J.; Zander, R.; Abbas, M. M.; Abrams, M. C.; Manney, G. L.;
Michelsen, H. A.; Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.
1996GeoRL..23.2397R Altcode:
Simultaneous stratospheric volume mixing ratios (VMRs) measured
inside and outside the Antarctic vortex by the Atmospheric
Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument in November
1994 reveal previously unobserved features in the distributions
of total reactive nitrogen (NO<SUB>y</SUB>) and total hydrogen
(H<SUB>2</SUB>O+2CH<SUB>4</SUB>). Maximum removal of NO<SUB>y</SUB>due
to sedimentation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) inside the vortex
occurred at a potential temperature (Θ) of 500-525 K (∼20 km), where
values were 5 times smaller than measurements outside. Maximum loss
of H<SUB>2</SUB>O+2CH<SUB>4</SUB>due to PSCs occurred in the vortex
at 425-450 K, ∼3 km lower than the peak NO<SUB>y</SUB>loss. At
that level, H<SUB>2</SUB>O+2CH<SUB>4</SUB> VMRs inside the vortex
were ∼70% of corresponding values outside. The Antarctic and April
1993 Arctic measurements by ATMOS show no significant differences
in H<SUB>2</SUB>O+2CH<SUB>4</SUB> VMRs outside the vortices in the
two hemispheres. Elevated NO<SUB>y</SUB> VMRs were measured inside
the vortex near 700 K. Recent model calculations indicate that this
feature results from downward transport of elevated NO<SUB>y</SUB>
produced in the thermosphere and mesosphere.
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Title: The hydrogen budget of the stratosphere inferred from ATMOS
measurements of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and CH<SUB>4</SUB>
Authors: Abbas, M. M.; Gunson, M. R.; Newchurch, M. J.; Michelsen,
H. A.; Salawitch, R. J.; Allen, M.; Abrams, M. C.; Chang, A. Y.;
Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Moyer, E. J.; Nagaraju, R.; Rinsland,
C. P.; Stiller, G. P.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2405A Altcode:
The total hydrogen budget of the stratosphere and lower mesosphere has
been examined using vertical mixing ratio profiles of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and
CH<SUB>4</SUB> measured by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy
(ATMOS) experiment from four space shuttle missions. The oxidation
of CH<SUB>4</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> is investigated by evaluating
the quantity H (=H<SUB>2</SUB>O + 2 CH<SUB>4</SUB>) entering the
stratosphere, and examining its conservation with altitude in the
upper atmosphere. Data from all four ATMOS missions indicate H to
be nearly conserved in the lower stratosphere and to exhibit a broad
maximum in the 35- to 65-km range. The observations provide evidence
of a secondary source of H<SUB>2</SUB>O from H<SUB>2</SUB> oxidation
at altitudes from 35 to 55 km, and net production of H<SUB>2</SUB>
at altitudes above ∼55 km. ATMOS measurements of H<SUB>2</SUB>O and
CH<SUB>4</SUB> permit the first evaluation of a sickle-shaped vertical
profile of H<SUB>2</SUB> that is qualitatively consistent with profiles
calculated using two-dimensional models.
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Title: ATMOS/ATLAS-3 observations of long-lived tracers and descent
in the Antarctic Vortex in November 1994
Authors: Abrams, M. C.; Manney, G. L.; Gunson, M. R.; Abbas, M. M.;
Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Michelsen, H. A.; Newchurch,
M. J.; Rinsland, C. P.; Salawitch, R. J.; Stiller, G. P.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2341A Altcode:
Observations of the long-lived tracers N<SUB>2</SUB>O, CH<SUB>4</SUB>
and HF obtained by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy
(ATMOS) instrument in early November 1994 are used to estimate average
descent rates during winter in the Antarctic polar vortex of 0.5 to
1.5 km/month in the lower stratosphere, and 2.5 to 3.5 km/month in
the middle and upper stratosphere. Descent rates inferred from ATMOS
tracer observations agree well with theoretical estimates obtained
using radiative heating calculations. Air of mesospheric origin
(N<SUB>2</SUB>O < 5 ppbV) was observed at altitudes above about
25 km within the vortex. Strong horizontal gradients of tracer mixing
ratios, the presence of mesospheric air in the vortex in early spring,
and the variation with altitude of inferred descent rates indicate that
the Antarctic vortex is highly isolated from midlatitudes throughout
the winter from approximately 20 km to the stratopause. The 1994
Antarctic vortex remained well isolated between 20 and 30 km through
at least mid-November.
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Title: The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Experiment:
Deployment on the ATLAS space shuttle missions
Authors: Gunson, M. R.; Abbas, M. M.; Abrams, M. C.; Allen, M.; Brown,
L. R.; Brown, T. L.; Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Lowes,
L. L.; Mahieu, E.; Manney, G. L.; Michelsen, H. A.; Newchurch, M. J.;
Rinsland, C. P.; Salawitch, R. J.; Stiller, G. P.; Toon, G. C.; Yung,
Y. L.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2333G Altcode:
The ATMOS Fourier transform spectrometer was flown for a fourth time
on the Space Shuttle as part of the ATLAS-3 instrument payload in
November 1994. More than 190 sunrise and sunset occultation events
provided measurements of more than 30 atmospheric trace gases at
latitudes 3-49°N and 65-72°S, including observations both inside
and outside the Antarctic polar vortex. The instrument configuration,
data retrieval methodology, and mission background are described to
place in context analyses of ATMOS data presented in this issue.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Trace gas transport in the Arctic Vortex inferred from ATMOS
ATLAS-2 observations during April 1993
Authors: Abrams, M. C.; Manney, G. L.; Gunson, M. R.; Abbas, M. M.;
Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Michelsen, H. A.; Newchurch,
M. J.; Rinsland, C. P.; Salawitch, R. J.; Stiller, G. P.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2345A Altcode:
Measurements of the long-lived tracers CH<SUB>4</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O,
and HF from the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS)
instrument during the Atmospheric Laboratory for Science and
Applications-2 (ATLAS-2) Space Shuttle mission in April 1993 are used
to infer average winter descent rates ranging from 0.8 km/month at
20 km to 3.2 km/month at 40 km in the Arctic polar vortex during the
1992-93 winter. Descent rates in the mid-stratosphere are similar to
those deduced for the Antarctic vortex using ATMOS/ATLAS-3 measurements
in November 1994, but the shorter time period of descent in the Arctic
leads to smaller total distances of descent. Strong horizontal gradients
observed along the vortex edge indicate that the Arctic vortex remains
a significant barrier to transport at least until mid-April in the
lower to middle stratosphere.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Heavy ozone enrichments from ATMOS infrared solar spectra
Authors: Irion, F. W.; Gunson, M. R.; Rinsland, C. P.; Yung, Y. L.;
Abrams, M. C.; Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.
1996GeoRL..23.2377I Altcode:
Vertical enrichment profiles of stratospheric
<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>l8</SUP>O and
<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUP>18</SUP>O<SUP>16</SUP>O (hereafter referred
to as <SUP>668</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB> and <SUP>686</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB>
respectively) have been derived from space-based solar occultation
spectra recorded at 0.01 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution by the ATMOS
(Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy) Fourier-transform
infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The observations, made during
the Spacelab 3 and ATLAS-1, -2, and -3 shuttle missions,
cover polar, mid-latitude and tropical regions between 26
to 2.6 mb inclusive (≈ 25 to 41 km). Average enrichments,
weighted by molecular <SUP>48</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB> density,
of (15±6)% were found for <SUP>668</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB> and
(10±7)% for <SUP>686</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Defining the mixing
ratio of <SUP>50</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB> as the sum of those for
<SUP>668</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB> and <SUP>686</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB>, an
enrichment of (13±5)% was found for <SUP>50</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB>
(1σ standard deviation). No latitudinal or vertical gradients were
found outside this standard deviation. From a series of ground-based
measurements by the ATMOS instrument at Table Mountain, California
(34.4°N), an average total column <SUP>668</SUP>O<SUB>3</SUB>
enrichment of (17±4)% (1σ standard deviation) was determined, with
no significant seasonal variation discernable. Possible biases in
the spectral intensities that affect the determination of absolute
enrichments are discussed.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Trends of OCS, HCN, SF<SUB>6</SUB>, CHClF<SUB>2</SUB> (HCFC-22)
in the lower stratosphere from 1985 and 1994 Atmospheric Trace
Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment measurements near 30°N latitude
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Mahieu, E.; Zander, R.; Gunson, M. R.;
Salawitch, R. J.; Chang, A. Y.; Goldman, A.; Abrams, M. C.; Abbas,
M. M.; Newchurch, M. J.; Irion, F. W.
1996GeoRL..23.2349R Altcode:
Volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of OCS, HCN, SF<SUB>6</SUB>, and
CHClF<SUB>2</SUB> (HCFC-22) have been measured near 30°N latitude
by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Fourier transform
spectrometer during shuttle flights on 29 April-6 May 1985 and 3-2
November 1994. The change in the concentration of each molecule in
the lower stratosphere has been derived for this 9 1/2-year period
by comparing measurements between potential temperatures of 395 to
800 K (∼17 to 30 km altitude) relative to simultaneously measured
values of the long-lived tracer N<SUB>2</SUB>O. Exponential rates of
increase inferred for 1985-to-1994 from these comparisons are (0.1 ±
0.4)% yr<SUP>-1</SUP> for OCS, (1.0±1.0)% yr<SUP>-1</SUP> for HCN,
(8.0±0.7)% yr<SUP>-1</SUP> for SF<SUB>6</SUB>, and (8.0±1.0)%
yr<SUP>-1</SUP> for CHClF<SUB>2</SUB> (HCFC-22), 1 sigma. The lack
of an appreciable trend for OCS suggests the background (i.e.,
nonvolcanic) source of stratospheric aerosol was the same during the
two periods. These results are compared with trends reported in the
literature.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Increase of stratospheric carbon tetrafluoride (CF<SUB>4</SUB>)
based on ATMOS observations from space
Authors: Zander, R.; Solomon, S.; Mahieu, E.; Goldman, A.; Rinsland,
C. P.; Gunson, M. R.; Abrams, M. C.; Chang, A. Y.; Salawitch, R. J.;
Michelsen, H. A.; Newchurch, M. J.; Stiller, G. P.
1996GeoRL..23.2353Z Altcode:
Stratospheric volume mixing ratio profiles of carbon tetrafluoride,
CF<SUB>4</SUB>, obtained with the Atmospheric Trace Molecule
Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument during the ATLAS (Atmospheric Laboratory
for Applications and Science) -3 mission of 1994 are reported. Overall
the profiles are nearly constant over the altitude range 20 to
50 km, indicative of the very long lifetime of CF<SUB>4</SUB>
in the atmosphere. In comparison to the stratospheric values of
CF<SUB>4</SUB> inferred from the ATMOS/Spacelab 3 mission of 1985,
the 1994 concentrations are consistent with an exponential increase of
(1.6±0.6) %/yr. This increase is discussed with regard to previous
results and likely sources of CF<SUB>4</SUB> at the ground. Further,
it is shown that simultaneous measurements of N<SUB>2</SUB>O and
CF<SUB>4</SUB> provide a means of constraining the lower limit of the
atmospheric lifetime of CF<SUB>4</SUB> at least 2,300 years, two sigma.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: On the assessment and uncertainty of atmospheric trace gas
burden measurements with high resolution infrared solar occultation
spectra from space by the ATMOS Experiment
Authors: Abrams, M. C.; Chang, A. Y.; Gunson, M. R.; Abbas, M. M.;
Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Michelson, H. A.; Newchurch, M. J.;
Rinsland, C. P.; Stiller, G. P.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2337A Altcode:
The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument is a high
resolution Fourier transform spectrometer that measures atmospheric
composition from low Earth orbit with infrared solar occultation
sounding in the limb geometry. Following an initial flight in 1985,
ATMOS participated in the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and
Science (ATLAS) 1, 2, and 3 Space Shuttle missions in 1992, 1993, and
1994 yielding a total of 440 occultation measurements over a nine year
period. The suite of more than thirty atmospheric trace gases profiled
includes CO<SUB>2</SUB>, O<SUB>3</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O, CH<SUB>4</SUB>,
H<SUB>2</SUB>O, NO, NO<SUB>2</SUB>, HNO<SUB>3</SUB>, HCl, HF,
ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>, CCl<SUB>3</SUB>F, CCl<SUB>2</SUB>F<SUB>2</SUB>,
CHF<SUB>2</SUB>Cl, and N<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB>. The analysis method
has been revised throughout the mission years culminating in the
‘version 2’ data set. The spectroscopic error analysis is described
in the context of supporting the precision estimates reported with
the profiles; in addition, systematic uncertainties assessed from the
quality of the spectroscopic database are described and tabulated for
comparisons with other experiments.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The 1994 northern midlatitude budget of stratospheric chlorine
derived from ATMOS/ATLAS-3 observations
Authors: Zander, R.; Mahieu, E.; Gunson, M. R.; Abrams, M. C.; Chang,
A. Y.; Abbas, M.; Aellig, C.; Engel, A.; Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.;
Kämpfer, N.; Michelson, H. A.; Newchurch, M. J.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Salawitch, R. J.; Stiller, G. P.; Toon, G. C.
1996GeoRL..23.2357Z Altcode:
Volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of the chlorine-bearing gases HCl,
ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>, CCl<SUB>3</SUB>F, CCl<SUB>2</SUB>F<SUB>2</SUB>,
CHClF<SUB>2</SUB>, CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, and CH<SUB>3</SUB>Cl have been
measured between 3 and 49° northern- and 65 to 72° southern
latitudes with the Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy
(ATMOS) instrument during the ATmospheric Laboratory for
Applications and Science (ATLAS)-3 shuttle mission of 3 to 12
November 1994. A subset of these profiles obtained between 20
and 49°N at sunset, combined with ClO profiles measured by the
Millimeter-wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS) also from aboard ATLAS-3,
measurements by balloon for HOCl, CH<SUB>3</SUB>CCl<SUB>3</SUB> and
C<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>3</SUB>F<SUB>3</SUB>, and model calculations for
COClF indicates that the mean burden of chlorine, Cl<SUB>TOT</SUB>,
was equal to (3.53±0.10) ppbv (parts per billion by volume), 1-sigma,
throughout the stratosphere at the time of the ATLAS 3 mission. This is
some 37% larger than the mean 2.58 ppbv value measured by ATMOS within
the same latitude zone during the Spacelab 3 flight of 29 April to 6
May 1985, consitent with an exponential growth rate of the chlorine
loading in the stratosphere equal to 3.3%/yr or a linear increase
of 0.10 ppbv/yr over the Spring-1985 to Fall-1994 time period. These
findings are in agreement with both the burden and increase of the main
anthropogenic Cl-bearing source gases at the surface during the 1980s,
confirming that the stratospheric chlorine loading is primarily of
anthropogenic origin.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric chlorine partitioning: Constraints from
shuttle-borne measurements of [HCl], [ClNO<SUB>3</SUB>], and [ClO]
Authors: Michelsen, H. A.; Salawitch, R. J.; Gunson, M. R.; Aellig,
C.; Kämpfer, N.; Abbas, M. M.; Abrams, M. C.; Brown, T. L.; Chang,
A. Y.; Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Newchurch, M. J.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Stiller, G. P.; Zander, R.
1996GeoRL..23.2361M Altcode:
Measured stratospheric mixing ratios of HCl, ClNO<SUB>3</SUB>, and ClO
from ATMOS and MAS are poorly reproduced by models using recommended
kinetic parameters. This discrepancy is not resolved by new rates for
the reactions Cl+CH<SUB>4</SUB> and OH+HCl derived from weighted fits to
laboratory measurements. A deficit in modeled [HCl] and corresponding
overprediction of [ClNO<SUB>3</SUB>] and [ClO], which increases with
altitude, suggests that production of HCl between 20 and 50 km is much
faster than predicted from recommended rates.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A comparison of measurements from ATMOS and instruments aboard
the ER-2 aircraft: Tracers of atmospheric transport
Authors: Chang, A. Y.; Salawitch, R. J.; Michelsen, H. A.; Gunson,
M. R.; Abrams, M. C.; Zander, R.; Rinsland, C. P.; Loewenstein, M.;
Podolske, J. R.; Proffitt, M. H.; Margitan, J. J.; Fahey, D. W.;
Gao, R. -S.; Kelly, K. K.; Elkins, J. W.; Webster, C. R.; May, R. D.;
Chan, K. R.; Abbas, M. M.; Goldman, A.; Irion, F. W.; Manney, G. L.;
Newchurch, M. J.; Stiller, G. P.
1996GeoRL..23.2389C Altcode:
We compare volume mixing ratio profiles of N<SUB>2</SUB>O,
O<SUB>3</SUB>, NO<SUB>y</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, and CO
in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere measured by the ATMOS Fourier
transform spectrometer on the ATLAS-3 Space Shuttle Mission with in situ
measurements acquired from the NASA ER-2 aircraft during Nov 1994. ATMOS
and ER-2 observations of [N<SUB>2</SUB>O] show good agreement,
as do measured correlations of [O<SUB>3</SUB>], [NO<SUB>y</SUB>],
[H<SUB>2</SUB>O], and [CH<SUB>4</SUB>] with [N<SUB>2</SUB>O]. Thus a
consistent measure of the hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CH<SUB>4</SUB>)
content of the lower stratosphere is provided by the two platforms. The
similarity of [NO<SUB>y</SUB>] determined by detection of individual
species by ATMOS and the total [NO<SUB>y</SUB>] measurement on the ER-2
provides strong corroboration for the accuracy of both techniques. A
25% discrepancy in lower stratospheric [CO] observed by ATMOS and the
ER-2 remains unexplained. Otherwise, the agreement for measurements
of long-lived tracers demonstrates the ability to combine ATMOS data
with in situ observations for quantifying atmospheric transport.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Observations of the infrared solar spectrum from space by
the ATMOS experiment
Authors: Abrams, M. C.; Goldman, A.; Gunson, M. R.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Zander, R.
1996ApOpt..35.2747A Altcode:
The final flight of the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy
experiment as part of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications
and Science (ATLAS-3) Space Shuttle mission in 1994 provided a new
opportunity to measure broadband (625-4800 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, 2.1-16
mu m) infrared solar spectra at an unapodized resolution of 0.01
cm<SUP>-1</SUP> from space. The majority of the observations were
obtained as exoatmospheric, near Sun center, absorption spectra,
which were later ratioed to grazing atmospheric measurements to
compute the atmospheric transmission of the Earth's atmosphere and
analyzed for vertical profiles of minor and trace gases. Relative to
the SPACELAB-3 mission that produced 4800 high Sun spectra (which were
averaged into four grand average spectra), the ATLAS-3 mission produced
some 40,000 high Sun spectra (which have been similarly averaged)
with an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of a factor of 3-4 in
the spectral region between 1000 and 4800 cm<SUP>-1 </SUP>. A brief
description of the spectral calibration and spectral quality is given
as well as the location of electronic archives of these spectra.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Improved spectral parameters for the
<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB> infrared forbidden lines in the
X<SUP>3</SUP>Σ<SUB>g</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> (0-1) band.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Rinsland, C. P.; Canova, B.; Zander, R.;
Dang-Nhu, M.
1995JQSRT..54..757G Altcode:
New spectral parameters have been generated for the electric quadrupole
(eq) and magnetic dipole (md) infrared transitions in the fundamental
vibration-rotation <SUP>3</SUP>Σ<SUB>g</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> (0-1) band of
<SUP>16</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB>. Significant improvements in line positions
(for both eq and md) and in the long standing problem of the md line
intensities, have been achieved by combining recent theoretical work
with the analysis of high resolution (0.002 and 0.01 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>)
solar absorption spectra.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> photolysis: A source of sulfur
dioxide in the upper stratosphere
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Gunson, M. R.; Ko, M. K. W.; Weisenstein,
D. W.; Zander, R.; Abrams, M. C.; Goldman, A.; Sze, N. D.; Yue, G. K.
1995GeoRL..22.1109R Altcode:
Numerous absorption lines of stratospheric sulfur dioxide
(SO<SUB>2</SUB>) have been identified in solar occultation spectra
recorded by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS)
Fourier transform spectrometer during the Atmospheric Laboratory
for Applications and Science (ATLAS)-1 shuttle mission (March
24-April 2, 1992). Based on their analysis, a volume mixing ratio
profile of SO<SUB>2</SUB> increasing from (13 ± 4) p.p.t.v. (parts
per 10<SUP>-12</SUP> by volume) at 16 mbar (∼ 28 km) to 455 ± 90
p.p.t.v. at 0.63 mbar (∼ 52 km) has been measured with no significant
profile differences between 20°N and 60°S latitude. The increase in
the SO<SUB>2</SUB> mixing ratios with altitude indicates the presence
of a source of SO<SUB>2</SUB> in the upper stratosphere. Profiles
retrieved from ATMOS spectra recorded during shuttle flights in
April-May 1985 and April 1993 show similar vertical distributions
but lower concentrations. Two-dimensional model calculations with
SO<SUB>2</SUB> assumed as the end product of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>
photolysis produce SO<SUB>2</SUB> profiles consistent with the ATMOS
measurements to within about a factor of 2.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric Spectral Atlases in the Infrared
Authors: Goldman, A.
1995ASPC...81...53G Altcode: 1995lahr.conf...53G
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric N2O5, CH4, and N2O Profiles from IR Solar
Occultation Spectra
Authors: Peyeret, C. Camy; Flaud, J. -M.; Perrin, A.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.
1993JAtC...16...31P Altcode:
Stratospheric volume mixing ratio profiles of N2O5, CH4, and N2O
have been retrieved from a set of 0.052/ cm resolution (FWHM) solar
occultation spectra recorded at sunrise during a balloon flight from
Aire sur I'Adour, France (44 deg N latitude) on 12 October 1990. The
N2O5 results have been derived from measurements of the integrated
absorption by the 1246/ cm band. Assuming a total intensity of 4.32 x
10<SUP>17</SUP>cm<SUP>-1</SUP> molecule sq cm<SUP>-2</SUP> independent
of temperature, the retrieved N2O5 volume mixing ratios in ppbv (parts
per billion by volume, 10<SUP>-9)</SUP>, interpolated to 2 km height
spacings, are 1.64 +/- 0.49 at 37.5 km, 1.92 +/- 0.56 at 35.5 km, 2.06
+/- 0.47 at 33.5 km, 1.95 +/- 0.42 at 31.5 km, 1.60 +/- 0.33 at 29.5
km, 1.26 +/- 0.28 at 27.5 km, and 0.85 +/- 0.20 at 25.5 km. Error bars
indicate the estimated I-sigma uncertainty including the error in the
total band intensity (+/- 20% has been assumed). The retrieved profiles
are compared with previous measurements and photochemical model results.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Hydroxyl X<SUP>2</SUP>Π pure rotational transitions
Authors: Goorvitch, D.; Goldman, A.; Dothe, Hoang; Tipping, R. H.;
Chackerian, C., Jr.
1992JGR....9720771G Altcode:
We present a list of frequencies, term values, Einstein A values, and
assignments for the pure rotational transitions of the X<SUP>2</SUP>Π
state of the OH molecule. This list includes transitions from 3 to 2015
cm<SUP>-</SUP><SUP>1</SUP> for Δv=0, v`=0 -4, and J`=0.5-49.5. The A
values were computed using recent advances in calculating wave functions
for a coupled system and an experimentally derived electric dipole
moment function (Nelson et al. 1990 which exhibits curvature. ©American
Geophyiscal Union 1992
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Mt. Pinatubo SO<SUB>2</SUB> column measurements from Mauna Loa
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Rinsland, C. P.; Blatherwick,
R. D.; David, S. J.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, D. G.
1992GeoRL..19..183G Altcode:
Absorption features of the v<SUB>1</SUB> band of SO<SUB>2</SUB> have
been identified in high resolution infrared solar absorption spectra
recorded from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, on July 9 and 12, 1991, shortly after
the arrival of the first eruption plume from the Mt. Pinatubo volcano
in the Phillipines. A total SO<SUB>2</SUB> vertical column amount of
(5.1 ± 0.5) × 10<SUP>16</SUP> molecules cm<SUP>-2</SUP> on July 9
has been retrieved based on nonlinear least-squares spectral fittings
of 9 selected SO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption features with an updated set
of SO<SUB>2</SUB> spectral parameters. A SO<SUB>2</SUB> total column
upper limit of 0.9 × 10<SUP>16</SUP> molecules cm<SUP>-2</SUP> deduced
from measurements on September 20-24, 1991, is consistent with the
dispersion of the SO<SUB>2</SUB> cloud and the rapid conversion of
the SO<SUB>2</SUB> vapor into volcanic aerosol particles.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Infrared measurements of HF and HCl total column abundances
above Kitt Peak, 1977-1990 - Seasonal cycles, long-term increases,
and comparisons with model calculations
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Levine, J. S.; Goldman, A.; Sze, N. D.;
Ko, M. K. W.; Johnson, D. W.
1991JGR....9615523R Altcode:
The paper deals with hydrogen-chloride and hydrogen-fluoride total
column measurements, their estimated long-term rates of increase,
seasonal cycles, and variability, deduced from the analysis of a set of
high-resolution infrared solar spectra recorded at Kitt Peak. The Kitt
Peak observations and methods of analysis are described, the results
are presented and compared with previously reported measurements
and trends. The data is analyzed by using a multilayer nonlinear
least-squares spectral fitting procedure and a consistent set of
spectroscopic line parameters. Model-calculated hydrogen-chloride and
hydrogen-fluoride total columns obtained with a two-dimensional model
are discussed, and the model results are compared with the measured
hydrogen-chloride and hydrogen-fluoride total columns, seasonal cycles,
and trends. It is pointed out that the observed trends of both molecules
are in satisfactory agreement with the model results calculated from
emission histories and photooxidation rates for the source molecules.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The fundamental quadrupole band of (N-14)2 - Line positions
from high-resolution stratospheric solar absorption spectra
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Zander, R.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.;
Murcray, D. G.; Gunson, M. R.; Farmer, C. B.
1991JMoSp.148..274R Altcode:
Accurate measurements of the positions of O- and S-branch lines of
the (1-0) vibration-rotation quadrupole band of molecular nitrogen
(N-14)2 are reported. Improved Dunham coefficients were derived from a
simultaneous least squares analysis of these measurements and selected
infrared and far infrared data. The new measurements were performed
using stratospheric solar occultation spectra recorded with Fourier
transform spectrometer instruments, operated at unapodized spectral
resolutions of 0.002 and 0.01/cm.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Long-term trends in the concentrations of SF6, CHClF2, and
COF2 in the lower stratosphere from analysis of high-resolution
infrared solar occultation spectra
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Blatherwick,
R. D.; Kosters, J. J.
1990JGR....9516477R Altcode:
Long-term trends in the concentrations of SF6, CHClF2 in the lower
stratosphere are derived using results from analyses of the 1980 and of
several more recently obtained IR solar occultation spectra. Results
show that the increase rates of SF6 and CHClF2 were about 7.4/yr and
9.4/yr, respectively, which correspond to cumulative increases by
factors of about 1.7 and 2.0 in the concentrations of these gases
over the 7.2 yr measurement period. The average increase rate for
COF2 was 10.3/yr over the same time period. The present results are
compared with previously reported observations and trends and with
one-dimensional model calculations.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: New spectral features of stratospheric trace gases identified
from high-resolution infrared balloon-borne and laboratory spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Kosters,
J. J.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, D. G.; Rinsland, C. P.
1989JGR....9414945G Altcode:
A new Michelson-type interferometer system operating in the infrared
at very high resolution (0.002-0.003 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> full width
at half maximum) has been used to record numerous balloon-borne
solar absorption spectra of the stratosphere, ground-based solar
absorption spectra, and laboratory spectra of molecules of atmospheric
interest. In the present work we report results obtained for several
important stratospheric trace gases, HNO<SUB>3</SUB>, CONO<SUB>2</SUB>,
HO<SUB>2</SUB>NO<SUB>2</SUB>, NO<SUB>2</SUB>, and COF<SUB>2</SUB>
in the 8- to 12-μm spectral region. Many new features of these gases
have been identified in the stratospheric spectra. Comparison of the new
spectra with line-by-line simulations shows that previous spectral line
parameters are often inadequate and that new analysis of high-resolution
laboratory and atmopheric spectra and improved theoretical calculations
will be required for many bands. Preliminary versions of several sets
of improved line parameters under development are discussed.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Isotopic abundances of stratospheric ozone from balloon-borne
high-resolution infrared solar spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, D. G.; Kosters, J. J.;
Rinsland, C. P.
1989JGR....94.8467G Altcode:
IR solar absorption spectra at 0.002-0.0003/cm resolution in
the 10-micron region obtained during two balloon flights near
32 deg N latitude are examined to determine the isotopic ratios
of (O-16)(O-16)(O-18) and (O-16)(O-18)(O-16) relative to normal
ozone in the stratosphere. For November 18, 1987, the results show
column-averaged isotopic enhancement ratios of 1.20 + or - 0.14
and 1.40 + or - 0.18 for (O-16)(O-18)(O-16)/(O-16)(O-16)(O-16) and
(O-16)(O-16)(O-18)/(O-16)(O-16)(O-16), respectively. The corresponding
values for June 6, 1988, show ratios of 1.16 + or - 0.08 and 1.25 +
or - 0.12. The results are compared with heavy-to-normal O3 ratios
obtained using other techniques.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Isotopic Abundances of Stratospheric Ozone from Balloon-Borne
Observations of High Resolution Infrared Solar Spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, D. G.; Kosters, J. J.;
Rinsland, C. P.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Flaud, J. -M.; Barbe, A.
1989ozat.conf..717G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Ethane 3 μm spectral clusters of atmospheric interest.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Dang-Nhu, M.; Bouanich, J. P.
1989JQSRT..41...17G Altcode:
Q-sub-branches of the perpendicular ν<SUB>7</SUB> band of ethane are
strongly active in i.r. absorption but their spectra appear as narrow,
unresolved clusters. However, individual lines can be derived accurately
by spectroscopic calculations. The general temperature dependence of
the line intensities is also discussed.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Infrared measurements of atmospheric gases above Mauna Loa,
Hawaii, in February 1987
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, F. H.;
Blatherwick, R. D.
1988JGR....9312607R Altcode:
The IR absorptions spectra of 13 minor and trace atmospheric gases,
recorded by the NOAA's Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (GMCC)
program station at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, for four days in February 1987,
were analyzed to determine simultaneous total vertical column amounts
for these gases. Comparisons with other data indicate that the NOAA
GMCC surface volume mixing ratios are good measures of the mean volume
mixing ratios of these gases in the troposphere and that Mauna Loa
is a favorable site for IR monitoring of atmospheric gases. The ozone
total columns deduced from the IR spectra agreed with the correlative
Umkehr observations.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Quantification of HCl from high resolution infrared solar
spectra obtained at the South Pole in December 1986
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, D. G.
1987GeoRL..14..622G Altcode:
Ground-based infrared solar spectra at 0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution
obtained at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station in December 1986
have been analysed for the atmospheric content of HCl. Nonlinear
least-squares spectral fitting applied to the spectra yields a total
HCl column amount of (6.4 ± 0.8) × 10<SUP>15</SUP> molec/cm², most
being stratospheric. This amount is larger than that extrapolated from
earlier results on the latitudinal distribution of atmospheric HCl.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Quantification of HCl from high-resolution, ground-based,
infrared solar spectra in the 3000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Murcray,
D. G.
1986JQSRT..36..385G Altcode:
Recent ground-based infrared solar spectra at 0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
resolution in the 3000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region have been analysed for
the atmospheric content of HCl. Nonlinear spectral least-squares
fitting applied to spectra obtained at several zenith angles show
little sensitivity of the results to tropospheric HCl but provide an
accurate measurement of the total column amount.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric NO<SUB>2</SUB> retrieval from solar absorption
spectra in the nu <SUB>3</SUB> and nu <SUB>1</SUB>+nu <SUB>3</SUB>
infrared bands
Authors: Coffey, M. T.; Mankin, W. G.; Goldman, A.
1986ApOpt..25.2460C Altcode:
Simultaneous measurements from aircraft of stratospheric NO2 columns
using both the 1605/cm and 2915/cm regions are presented, and improved
nu1 + nu3 NO2 line parameters from an updated version of those contained
in the AFGL 1982 trace gas compilation are used to derive stratospheric
column amounts above 12 km for a number of latitudes in April 1985. Good
agreement is found between the amounts derived from both NO2 bands,
and though the variability of the 2915/cm measurements at 70 deg N
is much larger than at other altitudes, the standard deviation of
the 1605/cm measurements is much smaller. The accuracy of the line
parameters for these bands are demonstrated.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The GEISA spectroscopic line parameters data bank in 1984.
Authors: Husson, N.; Chedin, A.; Scott, N. A.; Bailly, D.; Graner,
G.; Lacome, N.; Levy, A.; Rossetti, C.; Tarrago, G.; Camy-Peyret,
C.; Flaud, J. M.; Bauer, A.; Colmont, J. M.; Monnanteuil, N.; Hilico,
J. C.; Pierre, G.; Loete, M.; Champion, J. P.; Rothman, L. S.; Brown,
L. R.; Orton, G.; Varanasi, P.; Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.;
Goldman, A.
1986AnGeo...4..185H Altcode:
The 1984 update of the GEISA data bank, containing spectroscopic
information on 323,521 lines corresponding to 36 molecules and
79 isotopic species in the spectal range 3 x 10 to the -6th/cm to
17,879/cm, is discussed. The bank compiles parameters describing the
radiation absorption or emission properties of gases involved in the
atmospheres of the earth and planets. Values of a new exponent which
summarized the variation of the collision halfwidth with temperature
are given for 10 molecules. Six new molecules, HOCl, N2, CH3Cl, H2O2,
H2S, and HCOOH, are included in this edition.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The GEISA spectroscopic line parameters data bank in 1984
Authors: Husson, N.; Chedin, A.; Scott, N. A.; Bailly, D.; Graner, G.;
Lacome, N.; Levy, A.; Rosetti, C.; Tarrago, G.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Flaud,
J. M.; Bauer, A.; Colmont, J. M.; Monnanteuil, N.; Hilico, J. C.;
Pierre, G.; Loete, M.; Champion, J. P.; Rothman, L. S.; Brown, L. R.;
Orton, G.; Varanasi, P.; Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.; Goldman, A.
1986AnG....86..185H Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Upper limits for stratospheric H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and
HOCℓ from high resolution balloon-borne infrared solar absorption
spectra
Authors: Larsen, J. C.; Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.;
Murcray, F. J.
1985GeoRL..12..663L Altcode:
Solar absorption spectra from two stratospheric balloon flights have
been analyzed for the presence of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and HOCℓ
absorption in the 1230.0 to 1255.0 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region. The data
were recorded at 0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>resolution during sunset with
the University of Denver interferometer system on October 27, 1978
and March 23, 1981. Selected spectral regions were analyzed with the
technique of nonlinear least squares spectral curve fitting. Upper
limits of 0.33 ppbv for H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and 0.36 ppbv for
HOCℓ near 28 km are derived from the 1978 flight data while upper
limits of 0.44 ppbv for H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and 0.43 ppbv for
HOCℓ at 29.5 km are obtained from the 1981 flight data.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Tentative identification of the 780/cm nu-4 band Q branch
of chlorine nitrate in high-resolution solar absorption spectra of
the stratosphere
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. J.;
Malathy Devi, V.
1985JGR....90.7931R Altcode:
According to models of the photochemistry of the stratosphere,
chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is an important temporary reservoir of
stratospheric chlorine. At night, ClO is believed to combine in a
three-body reaction with NO2 to form chlorine nitrate. During daylight,
chlorine nitrate is destroyed by photolysis to form free chlorine and
NO3. Infrared spectroscopy has the potential to provide a technique for
conducting important quantitative measurements of stratospheric chlorine
nitrate. The present paper reports a detailed study of spectra in the
780/cm region. This study has led to the tentative identification of
the nu-4 band Q branch of ClONO2 as a significant contributor to the
observed stratospheric absorption near 780.21 per cm.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of atmospheric C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>2</SUB>
lines in the 3230-3340 cm<SUP> - 1</SUP> region of high resolution
solar absorption spectra recorded at the National Solar Observatory
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Stokes, G. M.
1985ApOpt..24.2044R Altcode:
A search has been conducted for the presence of absorption lines of
atmospheric acetylene (C2H2), taking into account the 3230-3340/cm
interval of 0.01/cm resolution solar absorption spectra recorded with
the interferometer of the Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. A total of
12 lines belonging to the strong nu-3 and nu-2 + nu-4 + nu-5 bands
has been identified in this interval. This letter provides a report
regarding the identification analysis of selected atmospheric C2H2
lines in a representative set of Kitt Peak solar spectra.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Infrared measurements of atmospheric ethane
(C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB>) from aircraft and ground-based solar
absorption spectra in the 3000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region
Authors: Coffey, M. T.; Mankin, W. G.; Goldman, A.; Rinsland, C. P.;
Harvey, G. A.; Devi, V. M.; Stokes, G. M.
1985GeoRL..12..199C Altcode:
A number of prominent Q-branches of the ν<SUB>7</SUB> band
of C<SUB>2</SUB>H<SUB>6</SUB> have been identified near 3000
cm<SUP>-1</SUP> in aircraft and ground-based infrared solar absorption
spectra. The aircraft spectra provide the column amount above 12 km
at various altitudes. The column amount is strongly correlated with
tropopause height and can be described by a constant mixing ratio of
0.46 ppbv in the upper troposphere and a mixing ratio scale height
of 3.9 km above the tropopause. The ground-based spectra yield a
column of 9.0 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> molecules cm<SUP>-2</SUP> above 2.1
km; combining these results implies a tropospheric mixing ratio of
approximately 0.63 ppbv.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Variation of the Infrared Solar Spectrum Between 700
Centimeter^-1 and 2240 Centimeter^-1 With Altitude
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.; Kyle, T. G.;
Goldman, A.
1985SPIE..513..185M Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric NO and NO2 profiles at sunset from analysis of
high-resolution balloon-borne infrared solar absorption spectra
obtained at 33 deg N and calculations with a time-dependent
photochemical model
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Boughner, R. E.; Larsen, J. C.; Goldman,
A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, D. G.
1984snnp.rept.....R Altcode:
Simultaneous stratospheric vertical profiles of NO and NO2 at sunset
were derived from an analysis of infrared solar absorption spectra
recorded from a float altitude of 33 km with an interferometer
system during a balloon flight. A nonlinear least squares procedure
was used to analyze the spectral data in regions of absorption by NO
and NO2 lines. Normalized factors, determined from calculations of
time dependent altitude profiles with a detailed photochemical model,
were included in the onion peeling analysis to correct for the rapid
diurnal changes in NO and NO2 concentrations with time near sunset. The
CO2 profile was also derived from the analysis and is reported.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A search for formic acid in the upper troposphere: A tentative
identification of the 1105-cm<SUP>-1</SUP> ν<SUB>6</SUB> band Q
branch in high-resolution balloon-borne solar absorption spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, D. G.; Rinsland, C. P.
1984GeoRL..11..307G Altcode:
Infrared solar absorption spectra recorded at 0.02-cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
resolution during a balloon flight from Alamogordo, N.M. (33°N),
on March 23, 1981, have been analyzed for the possible presence of
absorption by formic acid (HCOOH). An absorption feature at 1105
cm<SUP>-1</SUP> has been tentatively identified in upper tropospheric
spectra as due to the ν<SUB>6</SUB> band Q branch. A preliminary
analysis indicates a concentration of ≈ 0.6 ppbv and ≈ 0.4 ppbv
near 8 and 10 km, respectively.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Book-Review - CRC Handbook of High Resolution Infrared
Laboratory Spectra of Atmospheric Interest
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.; Traub, W. A.
1984ApL....24..117M Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: CRC handbook of high resolution infrared laboratory spectra
of atmospheric interest.
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.
1984chhr.book.....M Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric temperature profile from balloon-borne
measurements of the 10.4-μm band of CO<SUB>2</SUB>.
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, D. G.;
Smith, M. A. H.; Seals, R. K., Jr.; Larsen, J. C.; Rinsland, P. L.
1983JQSRT..30..327R Altcode:
The technique of nonlinear least squares spectral curve fitting has
been used to derive the stratospheric vertical temperature profile from
balloon-borne measurements of the 10.4-μm band of CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The
spectral data were obtained at sunset with the ≅ 0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
resolution University of Denver interferometer system from a float
altitude of 33.5 km near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on 23 March 1981. The
r.m.s. deviation between the retrieved temperature profile and
correlative radiosonde measurements is 2.2K.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameters compilation:
1982 edition
Authors: Rothman, L. S.; Gamache, R. R.; Barbe, A.; Goldman, A.;
Gillis, J. R.; Brown, L. R.; Toth, R. A.; Flaud, J. -M.; Camy-Peyret,
C.
1983ApOpt..22.2247R Altcode:
The latest edition of the AFGL atmospheric absorption line parameters
compilation for the seven most active infrared terrestrial absorbers
is described. Major modifications to the atlas for this edition include
updating of water-vapor parameters from 0 to 4300 per cm, improvements
to line positions for carbon dioxide, substantial modifications to the
ozone bands in the middle to far infrared, and improvements to the 7-
and 2.3-micron bands of methane. The atlas now contains about 181,000
rotation and vibration-rotation transitions between 0 and 17,900 per
cm. The sources of the absorption parameters are summarized.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The pure rotation spectrum of the hydroxyl radical and the
solar oxygen abundance
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Lambert, D. L.; Dominy, J. F.
1983MNRAS.203..767G Altcode:
Observations of pure rotation 2pi (0-0) lines of the hydroxyl radical
in the solar photospheric spectrum provide a new and independent
determination of the solar oxygen abundance. These OH lines with
the Holweger-Mueller (1974) model atmosphere give log epsilon (O)
= 8.84, which is within 0.08 dex of the abundance provided by the
O I forbidden lines and the same model. It is pointed out that a
detection of the CH pure rotation lines would permit a determination
of the O/C abundance ratio with a much reduced sensitivity to the
model atmosphere uncertainties. Selected combinations of atomic and
molecular (not including the OH pure rotation lines) lines give log
epsilon (O)/epsilon (C) = 0.23 + or - 0.03 dex.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectral line parameters for the pure rotation bands of
solar OH.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Gillis, J. R.; Coxon, J. A.
1983JQSRT..29..469G Altcode:
Spectral line parameters for the Δυ = 0 rotation transitions of OH
observable in the solar photosphere are generated. The line parameters,
which include line positions, ground state energies and intensities,
are calculated at 6000K for the X<SUP>2</SUP>Π (0-0), (1-1), (2-2),
and (3-3) bands.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectral least squares quantification of several atmospheric
gases from high resolution infrared solar spectra obtained at the
South Pole.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Fernald, F. G.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, F. H.;
Murcray, D. G.
1983JQSRT..29..189G Altcode:
Spectral least squares fitting has been used to analyze high resolution
(0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) i.r. solar spectra obtained at the South
Pole in 1980. The spectral regions analyzed allow the simultaneous
quantification of CO<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>O, N<SUB>2</SUB>O,
CH<SUB>4</SUB>, and O<SUB>3</SUB>. Information is obtained on the
column amount and on the vertical distribution.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Ground-based Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements of Atmospheric
Hydrogen Cyanide
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.; Rinsland, P. L.; Goldman,
A.; Brault, J. W.; Stokes, G. M.
1982JGR....8711119R Altcode:
A number of lines of the ν<SUB>3</SUB> band of hydrogen cyanide have
been detected in solar absorption spectra recorded near sunrise and
sunset at Kitt Peak National Observatory (elevation 2095 m) with a 0.01
cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. Analysis
of two of the strongest and best isolated lines has led to a value
of 2.73×10<SUP>15</SUP> molecules cm<SUP>-2</SUP> for the vertical
column abundance of HCN above Kitt Peak. The accuracy of this value
is estimated as ±25%. This result, combined with the stratospheric
concentration of HCN derived by Coffey, Mankin, and Cicerone (1981),
yields 166 parts per trillion by volume for the average mixing ratio
of HCN between 2 and 12 km. This is the first determination of the
HCN concentration in the nonurban troposphere.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectroscopic line parameters of NH<SUB>3</SUB> and
PH<SUB>3</SUB> in the far infrared.
Authors: Husson, N.; Goldman, A.; Orton, G.
1982JQSRT..27..505H Altcode:
NH3 and PH3 rotation and rotation-inversion line parameters in the far
to medium IR are calculated for remote sounding purposes of planetary
atmospheres; 1607 lines of (N-14)H3, 362 lines of (N-15)H3 and 325
lines of PH3 are compiled. The absolute intensity formulation has
been reviewed in the case of rotation and rotation-inversion lines
of molecules with C(3v) symmetry. The justification for the general
agreement between the authors, and comparisons with other published
expressions are given.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric measurements of collision-induced absorption
by molecular oxygen
Authors: Rinsland, C. P.; Smith, M. A. H.; Seals, R. K., Jr.; Goldman,
A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, D. G.; Larsen, J. C.; Rarig, P. L.
1982JGR....87.3119R Altcode:
Collision-induced absorption by the fundamental vibration-rotation
band of O<SUB>2</SUB> has been studied in high-resolution (0.02
cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) stratospheric solar absorption spectra. The data were
recorded during sunset with the Univeristy of Denver balloon-borne
interferometer from a float altitude of 33 km. The O<SUB>2</SUB>
continuum has been identified in the 1400-1700 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region
in spectra obtained at tangent altitudes below 22 km. Measurements
of transmittance in narrow intervals nearly free of atmospheric
line absorption are in good agreement with values calculated with
O<SUB>2</SUB> absorption coefficients as compiled by Timofeyev and
Tonkov (1978). Absorption by other atmospheric species (primarily
from wings of strong H<SUB>2</SUB>O lines) contributes only a small
fraction of the total absorption at the measured frequencies. The
measurements indicate an upper limit of 20% for the uncertainty of the
available O<SUB>2</SUB> absorption coefficients at lower stratospheric
temperatures (~220 K).
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Current studies of PH<SUB>3</SUB>.
Authors: Goldman, A.
1982vrsp....2..635G Altcode:
Recent quantitative spectroscopic studies of the PH3 fundamentals in the
10 and 4.5 micrometer regions resulted in line parameters applicable
to spectral radiative models of planetary atmospheres. These include
theoretical line parameters for the (nu<SUB>2</SUB> (A<SUB>1),</SUB>
nu<SUB>4</SUB> (E)) and (nu<SUB>1</SUB> (A<SUB>1),</SUB> nu<SUB>3</SUB>
(E)) regions, and empirical line parameters for the 2 nu<SUB>2,</SUB>
2 nu<SUB>4</SUB> and nu<SUB>2</SUB> + nu<SUB>4</SUB> bands overlapping
the (nu<SUB>1,</SUB> nu<SUB>3)</SUB> region. The theoretical line
parameters were normalized to previously published values derived from
low resolution spectra and are presented.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectroscopic identification of CHCℓF<SUB>2</SUB> (F-22)
in the lower stratosphere
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Bonomo,
F. S.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, D. G.
1981GeoRL...8.1012G Altcode:
Infrared atmospheric spectra were obtained at ∼0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
resolution during a balloon flight made on 3/23/81. These spectra show
an absorption feature near 829 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> which we identify as
due to CHCℓF<SUB>2</SUB> (Fluorocarbon 22). A preliminary estimate
from the sunset spectra shows approximately 100 pptv F-22 near 15 km.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of new solar OH lines in the 10-12 micron region
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Gillis, J. R.; Murcray, D. G.
1981ApJ...248L.133G Altcode:
High-resolution (0.02/cm) infrared solar spectra obtained with
a balloon-borne interferometer reveal new solar absorption features,
which appear as regularly spaced quartets, in the 825-960/cm region. The
lines are interpreted as high N-double-prime (25-33) pure rotation
lines of solar OH. An effective amount of approximately 8 x 10 to the
15th molecules/sq cm of OH is estimated from the spectra.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectral line parameters for the X<SUP>2</SUP>PI
-X<SUP>2</SUP>PI (1,0) bands of OH and ClO for atmospheric
applications.
Authors: Gillis, J. R.; Goldman, A.
1981JQSRT..26...23G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Observation of new emission lines in the infrared solar
spectrum near 12.33, 12.22, and 7.38 microns
Authors: Murcray, F. J.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. H.; Bradford, C. M.;
Murcray, D. G.; Coffey, M. T.; Mankin, W. G.
1981ApJ...247L..97M Altcode:
The reported observations of emission features at 12.33 and 12.22
micrometers in the solar spectrum are discussed. It is concluded that
these features are really part of the solar spectrum. The source
could be atmospheric or solar. The lines are not observed when the
instrument looks several degrees away from the sun. It is probable that
these features are of solar origin, but the possibility of atmospheric
features is not excluded. If solar, these emission lines are expected
to originate from the chromosphere or corona. Balloon-borne solar
spectra have been recently obtained with the same interferometer used
to record the South Pole data. Examination of the obtained data show
a similar emission feature near 1356 per cm.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar extinction radiometry
Authors: Goldman, A.
1981colo.reptQ....G Altcode:
Work on the spectral line parameters of hydroxyl radical band was
completed. The UV-visible data obtained during 1977 balloon flights were
used for zone quantification. The region between from 3100 A to 3500
A appears to be the best region to use for determining ozone columns
with the three wavelength method. Ozone volume mixing ratios determined
for the 1977 data were compared with standard middle latitude ozone
profiles. Numerous high and low Sun scans were obtained during ascent
and from float altitude (1981 balloon flight) at 0.003 A resolution
in the 3068 A to 3089 A region. The spectra are being studied for OH
identification and quantification.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectral line parameters for the A<SUP>2</SUP>SIGMA
-X<SUP>2</SUP>PI (0,0) band of OH for atmospheric and high
temperatures.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Gillis, J. R.
1981JQSRT..25..111G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of electric quadrupole O<SUB>2</SUB> and
N<SUB>2</SUB> lines in the infrared atmospheric absorption spectrum
due to the vibration-rotation fundamentals
Authors: Goldman, A.; Reid, J.; Rothman, L. S.
1981GeoRL...8...77G Altcode:
Analysis of long path atmospheric absorption spectra and of laboratory
absorption spectra in the 1600 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region has resulted in
the identification of atmospheric quadrupole lines of O<SUB>2</SUB> in
its fundmental vibrational band within the electronic ground state. This
led to the identification of similar atmospheric quadrupole lines of
N<SUB>2</SUB> in the 2400 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Errata: "Spectral line parameters for the A<SUP>2</SUP>SIGMA
-Z<SUP>2</SUP> PI (0,0) band of OH for atmospheric and high
temperatures [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, Vol. 25, P. 111 -
135 (1981)].
Authors: Goldman, A.; Gillis, J. R.
1981JQSRT..26Q.547G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Errata: "Spectral line parameters for the X<SUP>2</SUP>PI
-X<SUP>2</SUP>PI (1,0) bands of OH and ClO for atmospheric
applications [J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, Vol. 26, p. 23 -
31 (1981)].
Authors: Gillis, J. R.; Goldman, A.
1981JQSRT..26R.547G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Correction [to “Identification of isolated NO lines in
balloon-borne infrared solar spectra”]
Authors: Murcray, F. J.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. J.; Cook, G. R.;
Van Allen, J. W.; Blatherwick, R. D.
1980GeoRL...7.1112M Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: High resolution IR balloon-borne solar spectra and laboratory
spectra in the HNO<SUB>3</SUB> 1720-cm<SUP> - 1</SUP> region :
an analysis
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. J.; Niple, E.
1980ApOpt..19.3721G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of isolated NO lines in balloon-borne infrared
solar spectra
Authors: Murcray, F. J.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Cook, G. R.;
van Allen, J. W.; Blatherwick, R. D.
1980GeoRL...7..673M Altcode:
Balloon-borne infrared solar spectra at ∼0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
resolution show a number of atmospheric NO lines isolated from
other atmospheric and solar lines in the 1830-1930 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
region. Typical spectra are presented and NO total column values
are derived.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Quantitative laboratory spectra and spectral line parameters
for the ν<SUB>2</SUB> and ν<SUB>4</SUB> bands of PH<SUB>3</SUB>
applicable to spectral radiative models of the atmosphere of Jupiter.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Cook, G. R.; Bonomo, F. S.
1980JQSRT..24..211G Altcode:
Quantitative laboratory PH3 absorption spectra were obtained in the
800-1350/cm region, at approximately 0.05/cm resolution, with gas
amounts corresponding to observed PH3 absorptions in the atmosphere
of Jupiter. A compilation of spectral line positions, intensities
and ground state energies has been generated for the nu2 and nu4
bands of PH3. Line-by-line calculations have been compared with the
experimental spectra.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric NO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O mixing ratio
profiles from high resolution infrared solar spectra using nonlinear
least squares
Authors: Niple, E.; Mankin, W. G.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.;
Murcray, F. J.
1980GeoRL...7..489N Altcode:
Nonlinear least squares spectral curve fitting has been used to derive
vertical mixing ratio profiles for NO<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O
above 16 km from high resolution (∼.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) solar spectra
collected during sunset with a balloon borne interferometer. The
NO<SUB>2</SUB> profile shows a sharp peak of ∼8 ppbv at 32 km falling
rapidly to <0.5 ppbv at 17 km. The H<SUB>2</SUB>O profile shows a
broad peak of ∼6.5 ppmv at 30 km falling to <4 ppmv at 17 km.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: New atlas of IR solar spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Murcray, F. H.; van Allen,
J. W.; Bradford, C. M.; Cook, G. R.; Murcray, D. G.
1980STIN...8031298G Altcode:
Over 4500 absorption lines have been marked on the spectra and the
corresponding line positions tabulated. The associated absorbing
telluric or solar species for more than 90% of these lines have been
identified and only a fraction of the unidentified lines have peak
absorptions greater than a few percent. The high resolution and the low
Sun spectra greatly enhance the sensitivity limits for identification
of trace constituents.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Simultaneous mixing ratio profiles of stratospheric NO and
NO<SUB>2</SUB> as derived from balloon-borne infrared solar spectra
Authors: Blatherwick, R. D.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray,
F. J.; Cook, G. R.; van Allen, J. W.
1980GeoRL...7..471B Altcode:
Balloon-borne infrared solar spectra at ∼0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
resolution obtained during sunset are used for the derivation of
simultaneous vertical mixing ratio profiles of NO and NO<SUB>2</SUB>. A
simplified photochemical model for the diurnal variation of NO is
included in the analysis.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Stratospheric distribution of ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, F. J.;
Williams, W. J.
1979GeoRL...6..857M Altcode:
Balloon-borne infrared solar spectra in the 1292 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
region, at 0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution, obtained during sunset,
are used to derive a mixing ratio altitude profile of ClONO<SUB>2</SUB>.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: An absorption feature in the spectrum of the pulsed hard
X-ray flux from 4U0115 + 63
Authors: Wheaton, W. A.; Doty, J. P.; Primini, F. A.; Cooke, B. A.;
Dobson, C. A.; Goldman, A.; Hecht, M.; Howe, S. K.; Hoffman, J. A.;
Scheepmaker, A.; Tsiang, E. Y.; Lewin, W. H. G.; Matteson, J. L.;
Gruber, D. E.; Baity, W. A.; Rotschild, R.; Knight, F. K.; Nolang,
P.; Peterson, L. E.
1979Natur.282..240W Altcode:
A spectral feature, apparently an absorption line, has been observed
at an energy of 20.1 +/- 0.5 ke V in the pulsed flux of 3.61 s X-ray
pulsar 4U0115 + 63 using the UCSD/MIT instrument on HEAO 1. The line
strength, expressed as equivalent width, is 3.1 +/- 0.5 ke V. Although
essentially unresolved, the feature has a depth more than 60% of the
continuum flux. If the feature arises by cyclotron resonance absorption
near the magnetic poles of the neutron star, it implies a magnetic
field of between ~1.8 and ~2.5 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> G depending on the
gravitational redshift (<~5-40%).
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Infrared methane spectra between 1120 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and
1800 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>: a new atlas.
Authors: Blatherwick, R. D.; Goldman, A.; Lutz, B. L.; Silvaggio,
P. M.; Boese, R. W.
1979ApOpt..18.3798B Altcode:
A new atlas of CH4 lines in the 1120-1800-per cm region has
been generated, based on laboratory spectra taken with a Nicolet
interferometer at 0.06-per cm resolution with 635-cm path length at
pressures of 0.98 torr, 4.86 torr, and 19.97 torr. A compilation of
line positions and line intensities includes 1339 CH4 lines, several
hundred of which have not been previously observed.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of the v<SUB>3</SUB> vibration-rotation band
of CF<SUB>4</SUB> in balloon-borne infrared solar spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. J.; Cook, G. R.;
van Allen, J. W.; Bonomo, F. S.; Blatherwick, R. D.
1979GeoRL...6..609G Altcode:
Infrared solar spectra in the 850 to 1350 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region,
at 0.02 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution, were obtained during a balloon
flight made on 27 October 1978 from Alamogordo, New Mexico. Analysis
of the 1275-1290 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region indicates that the atmospheric
absorption lines of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, N<SUB>2</SUB>O, H<SUB>2</SUB>O,
HNO<SUB>3</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB> near 1283 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> are
superimposed on a broader absorption feature which we interpret as
due to the v<SUB>3</SUB> band of CF<SUB>4</SUB>. Fine structure of
CF<SUB>4</SUB> is also identified. Preliminary estimates from the
sunset spectra show approximately 75 pptv CF<SUB>4</SUB> near 25 km.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Theoretical simulation of solar spectra in the middle
ultraviolet and visible for atmospheric trace constituent measurements
Authors: Goldman, A.
1979colo.reptQ....G Altcode:
The data compiled during the study allowed a detailed examination of
the attenuation of the solar radiance by the combined effect of the
atmospheric trace gases and the SAGE filters. The case of the 0.44
microns channel is presented. The amounts of NO2, NO2, O3 and the
airmass were chosen to closely simulate a low sun spectral scan from a
9 February 1977 balloon flight. The solar radiance outside the earth's
atmosphere was determined from the AFGL Sacramento Peak Observatory
spectral data tape degraded to 2.0A resolution and normalized to
Thekaekara's absolute intensities. The spectral absorption coefficients
used for NO2 and O3 were tabulated previously.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: New atlas of ir solar spectra
Authors: Goldman, A.; Blatherwick, R. D.; Murcray, F. H.; van Allen,
J. W.; Bradford, C. M.; Cook, G. R.; Murcray, D. G.
1979ApOpt..18..604G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Analysis of atmospheric infrared spectra for altitude
distribution of atmospheric trace constituents - I. Method of
analysis.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Saunders, R. S.
1979JQSRT..21..155G Altcode:
A line-by-line, layer-by-layer method is described for the analysis
of infrared atmospheric spectra in terms of atmospheric trace
constituents. The method covers spectra obtained at both small and
large zenith angles. For the latter, a detailed consideration of the
air mass along the ray is discussed.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Balloon-borne atmospheric spectral measurements
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Cook, G.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. H.;
Murcray, F. J.
1979SPIE..195....7M Altcode:
Infrared solar spectra, with .02 per cm resolution, were collected
during sunset from a balloon at 40 km on October 27, 1978. Portions of
the data obtained during the flight have been compared with theoretical
calculations made using the data on the AFGL tape. The results of these
comparisons reveal a number of areas of disagreement between theory and
experimental results. The areas of disagreement are discussed in detail.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A new atlas of infrared methane spectra between 1120 per cm
and 1800 per cm
Authors: Blatherwick, R. D.; Goldman, A.; Lutz, B. L.; Silvaggio,
P. M.; Boese, R. W.
1979nsf..rept.....B Altcode:
An atlas of 1339 methane absorption lines in the range 1120 to
1800 reciprocal centimeters, including the nu(4) and nu(2) bands,
is presented. Laboratory spectra were obtained by a Nicolet Fourier
transform Michelson interferometer with a resolution of approximately
0.06 reciprocal cm and a path length of 6.35 m of 0.98, 4.86 and 19.97
torr. Observed spectra are also compared with spectral intensities
calculated line-by-line on the basis of tabulated intensities of the
observed spectral lines.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of the ν<SUB>2</SUB> vibration-rotation band
of ammonia in ground level solar spectra
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.; Bradford, C. M.; Cook, G. R.;
van Allen, J. W.; Bonomo, F. S.; Murcray, F. H.
1978GeoRL...5..527M Altcode:
Ground-based infrared solar spectra in the 750 to 950 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
region at 0.06 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> resolution were obtained from the
University of Denver. Comparisons of spectra obtained during sunrise
and sunset show that a number of features due to ν<SUB>2</SUB>
NH<SUB>3</SUB> band are present on the sunset spectra but show only
a trace on the sunrise spectra. The sunset path shows approximately
0.007 atm-cm NH<SUB>3</SUB>.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Pulse Profiles and Spectra of Fast X-Ray Pulsars.
Authors: Wheaton, W. A.; Howe, S. K.; Goldman, A.; Cooke, B. A.;
Lewin, W. H. G.; Gruber, D. E.; Matteson, J. L.
1978BAAS...10..506W Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Vertical distribution of NO<SUB>2</SUB> in the stratosphere
as determined from balloon measurements of solar spectra in the
4500Å region
Authors: Goldman, A.; Fernald, F. G.; Williams, W. J.; Murcray, D. G.
1978GeoRL...5..257G Altcode:
The stratospheric NO<SUB>2</SUB> mixing ratio profile in the 20-40 km
altitude range is derived from balloon-borne observations of the solar
spectrum in the visible region. By comparisons of high sun and low
sun spectra at float altitude (∼40 km), a number of NO<SUB>2</SUB>
features are identified. The resulting NO<SUB>2</SUB> profile shows a
gradual increase above 20 km to a peak value of 13 ppb(v) near 35 km,
followed by a gradual decrease to 10.5 ppb(v) at 40 km.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Upper limit for stratospheric CLONO<SUB>2</SUB> from
balloon-borne infrared measurements
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.; Williams, W. J.; Murcray, F. H.;
Bonomo, F. S.; Bradford, C. M.; Cook, G. R.; Hanst, P. L.; Molina,
M. J.
1977GeoRL...4..227M Altcode:
Balloon-borne infrared sunset solar spectra in the 780 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>
region have been used to derive upper limits for the amount of
ClONO<SUB>2</SUB> in the stratosphere. These upper limits for the
volume mixing ratio are 4 × 10<SUP>-11</SUP> to 2 × 100<SUP>-9</SUP>
between 15 and 30 km with an error factor of 2. These values only show
that the postulate that ClONO<SUB>2</SUB> is a temporary reservoir
for ClO and NO<SUB>2</SUB> cannot be ruled out.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Ground level detection and feasibility for monitoring of
several trace atmospheric constituents by high resolution infrared
spectroscopy
Authors: Bradford, C. M.; Murcray, F. H.; VanAllen, J. W.; Brooks,
J. N.; Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.
1976GeoRL...3..387B Altcode:
Ground-based infrared solar spectra at an unapodized resolution of 0.06
cm<SUP>-1</SUP> are presented showing the detection of HNO<SUB>3</SUB>,
CF<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> and CFCl<SUB>3</SUB> in the atmosphere
and demonstrating the feasibility of ground monitoring of these
species. Similar data indicate that higher resolution and/or a high
altitude site are required for detection and monitoring of NO and HCl
from the ground. Calculations show that it may be possible to monitor
NO<SUB>2</SUB> from a high mountain station using this method.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Statistical-band-model analysis and integrated intensity for
the 10.8µm band of CF<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB>
Authors: Goldman, A.; Bonomo, F. S.; Murcray, D. G.
1976GeoRL...3..309G Altcode:
Quantitative laboratory absorption measurements of the 10.8µm band of
pure CF<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> were carried out at 25°C. Absorption
cells of various lengths were used in order to obtain curves of
growth. Statistical-band-model analysis resulted in spectral band model
parameters and yielded an integrated intensity of 1.48 × 10³ ± 10%
(cm<SUP>-2</SUP>atm<SUP>-1</SUP>) at 25°C.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Measurement of the stratospheric mixing ratio of HCl using
infrared absorption technique
Authors: Williams, W. J.; Kosters, J. J.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.
1976GeoRL...3..383W Altcode:
Approximate mixing ratios of HCl in the stratosphere have been derived
from solar spectra obtained during sunset with a balloon-borne
grating spectrometer. The HCl mixing ratio increases from 0.15 ×
10<SUP>-9</SUP> to 1.2 × 10<SUP>-9</SUP> vol HCl/vol Air in the
13.4-27 km altitude range with a possible decrease above 27 km.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Spectral radiometric measurement of atmospheric constituents.
Authors: Williams, W. J.; Barker, D. B.; Brooks, J. N.; Goldman, A.;
Kosters, J. J.; Murcray, F. H.; Murcray, D. G.; Snider, D. E.
1976SPIE...91...15W Altcode: 1976mar..conf...15W
Balloon-borne and aircraft-borne scanning grating monochromator
radiometers operated at liquid nitrogen and liquid helium temperatures
have been used to measure vertical profiles of atmospheric trace
constituents (CO, N2O, HNO3, fluorocarbons, etc.). Samples of measured
emission spectra and derived vertical profiles are presented, and the
optical properties of the radiometers are examined.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Seasonal and latitudinal variation of the stratospheric
concentration of HNO<SUB>3</SUB>
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Barker, D. B.; Brooks, J. N.; Goldman, A.;
Williams, W. J.
1975GeoRL...2..223M Altcode:
A sensitive spectral radiometer system capable of measuring the
atmospheric emission in the 6.5µm to 13.0µm region has been
constructed for use on the WB57F aircraft used on the Department of
Transportation Climatic Impact Assessment Program. The data obtained
with this instrument on a number of flights have been analyzed to
determine the total HNO<SUB>3</SUB> column density above the aircraft
at various latitudes and seasons. Examination of these data indicate
a definite variation of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> column density with latitude
and possible seasonal variations.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Detection of fluorocarbons in the stratosphere
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Bonomo, F. S.; Brooks, J. N.; Goldman, A.;
Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.
1975GeoRL...2..109M Altcode:
Infrared laboratory absorption spectral measurements of
CF<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> and CFCl<SUB>3</SUB> are applied to
balloon flight data of August 12, 1968. A volume mixing ratio of 5
× 10<SUP>-11</SUP> is derived for CF<SUB>2</SUB>Cl<SUB>2</SUB> and a
probable volume mixing ratio of 2 × 10<SUP>-11</SUP> is estimated for
CFCl<SUB>3</SUB>. These values are compared with calculations by Crutzen
and by Cicerone et al. for 21 km. In addition, an upper limit for HF
in the lower stratosphere up to 30 km is set at 3 × 10<SUP>-10</SUP>
v/v for September 30, 1965.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Absolute integrated intensity and individual line parameters
for the 6.2 µ band of NO<SUB>2</SUB>.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Bonomo, F. S.; Williams, W. J.; Murcray, D. G.;
Snider, D. E.
1975JQSRT..15..107G Altcode:
The absolute integrated intensity of the 6.2-micron band of NO2 at 40 C
was determined from quantitative spectra at about 10 per cm resolution
by the spectral band model technique. A value of 1430 plus or minus 300
per sq cm per atm was obtained. Individual line parameters, positions,
intensities, and ground-state energies were derived, and line-by-line
calculations were compared with the band model results and with the
quantitative spectra obtained at about 0.5 per cm resolution.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Statistical-band-model analysis and integrated intensity for
the 21.8 µm bands of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> vapor.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Bonomo, F. S.; Williams, W. J.; Murcray, D. G.
1975JOSA...65...10G Altcode: 1975OSAJ...65...10G
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solar Absorption in the CO Fundamental Region
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.
1973ApJ...182..581G Altcode:
Infrared solar spectra have been obtained with spectral resolution
of 0.3 cm1, in the 4.7-it region, from a balloon-borne grating
spectrometer. The spectra obtained from altitudes above 20 km are
interpreted in terms of solar CO Av = 1 vibration-rotation lines at
4500 K. Subject headings: line identifications - molecules - spectra,
infrared - spectra, solar
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Vertical distribution of CO in the atmosphere
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.;
Brooks, J. N.; Bradford, C. M.
1973JGR....78.5273G Altcode:
A grating spectrometer with a Ge/Cu detector was flown on several
balloon flights during which the variation of the infrared solar
spectrum in the 3- to 5-μ region was recorded. Atmospheric absorption
spectra were obtained at various altitudes from ground through 30 km
with a resolution of ∼0.3 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. Intense CO lines from both
P and R branches are observed in the 2150-cm<SUP>-1</SUP> region. In
particular, the R (2) and R (3) lines in the (1-0) fundamental
ban are clearly isolated from the neighboring H<SUB>2</SUB>O and
N<SUB>2</SUB>O lines, so that the vertical distribution of CO in
the atmosphere can be determined from these lines. A line-by-line,
layer-by-layer computer program has been developed that derives the
CO amounts in a layered atmosphere where the layers are defined by the
actual altitudes of observations. The resulting altitude profile shows
that the CO concentration between 4 and 15 km is gradually decreasing
from ∼8 × 10<SUP>-2</SUP> ppm to ∼4 × 10<SUP>-2</SUP> ppm.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: On resolution enhancement of line spectra by deconvolution.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Alon, P.
1973ApSpe..27...50G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Balloon Borne Infrared Measurements
Authors: Brooks, J. N.; Goldman, A.; Kosters, J. J.; Murcray, D. G.;
Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.
1973ASSL...35..278B Altcode: 1973pcua.conf..278B
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Balloon-borne infrared measurements of the vertical
distribution of N<SUB>2</SUB>O in the atmosphere.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.
1973JOSA...63..843G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Ultraviolet Absorption by Nitric Acid Vapour
Authors: Schmidt, S. C.; Amme, R. C.; Murcray, D. G.; Goldman, A.;
Bonomo, F. S.
1972NPhS..238..109S Altcode: 1972Natur.238..109S
THE discovery of nitric acid in the lower stratosphere by Murcray et
al.<SUP>1</SUP> indicates that this molecule may play an important role
in the photochemistry of the upper atmosphere<SUP>2</SUP>. Analysis
of recent emission data (A. G., unpublished data) obtained
in the 11.3 µm region shows that the HNO<SUB>3</SUB> mixing
ratio in the stratosphere is of the order of 10<SUP>-8</SUP> (g
HNO<SUB>3</SUB>/g air). HNO<SUB>3</SUB> is of interest also owing to
its significant role in the photochemical reactions of polluted urban
atmospheres<SUP>3</SUP>.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Long path atmospheric ozone absorption in the 9 - 10-µ region
observed from a balloon-borne spectrometer.
Authors: Goldman, A.; Kyle, T. G.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.;
Williams, W. J.
1970ApOpt...9..565G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Statistical band model parameters for long path atmospheric
ozone in the 9 - 10 µ region.
Authors: Goldman, A.
1970ApOpt...9.2600G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Identification of the ν<SUB>3</SUB> NO<SUB>2</SUB> Band in
the Solar Spectrum observed from a Balloon Borne Spectrometer
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.
1970Natur.225..443G Altcode:
SINCE the detection of HNO<SUB>3</SUB> in the atmosphere<SUP>1</SUP>,
it has been expected that oxides of nitrogen, such as NO<SUB>2</SUB>,
should also be present. In fact, in a previous paper by some of
us<SUP>1</SUP> a tentative identification of NO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption
was made. The most intense vibration-rotation band of NO<SUB>2</SUB>
is the ν<SUB>3</SUB> fundamental, centred at 1,618 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>,
near the centre of the ν<SUB>2</SUB> H<SUB>2</SUB>O band.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Variation of the infrared solar spectrum between 700/Cml and
2240/Cml with altitude.
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.; Kyle, T. G.;
Goldman, A.
1969viss.book.....M Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Variation of the infrared solar spectrum between 700
cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and 2240 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> with altitude.
Authors: Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.; Kyle, T. G.;
Goldman, A.
1969ApOpt...8.2519M Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Atomic Solar Lines in the Region 1-2μ Observed from a
Balloon-Borne Spectrometer
Authors: Goldman, A.; Murcray, D. G.; Murcray, F. H.; Williams, W. J.
1968ApJ...153.1007G Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
