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Author name code: vandehulst
ADS astronomy entries on 2022-09-14
author:"Van de Hulst, Hendrik C."
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Title: Radio Astronomy
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
2016raas.book.....V Altcode:
Part I. Spectral Line Investigations; Part II. Point Sources; Part
III. Galactic Structure and Statistical Studies of Point Sources; Part
IV. The Quiet Sun; Part V. The Active Sun; Part VI. Meteors and Planets.
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Title: Reciprocity relations in radiative transfer by spherical
clouds.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
2000JQSRT..64..151V Altcode:
Time reversal i.e., the replacement of sources by detectors and
conversely, leads in any configuration of light scattering particles
to mutually reciprocal problems, which have essentially the same
solution. This principle is applied to a set of problems with
spherically symmetric radiation fields in a homogeneous spherical
cloud. Internal or external sources and detectors are permitted. The
individual scatterers may have arbitrary albedo α and an arbitrary
phase function. The optical depth R along the radius of the cloud is
also arbitrary. Each function belonging to a particular source-detector
combination is defined as a quantity measurable in a fictitious
experiment. The principle of detailed balancing then is used to
establish their reciprocity relations. Additional inter-relations are
based on the conservation of energy and on volume integration. The
relations permit surprising checks on analytical, numerical, or
graphical results cited from papers treating very diverse problems. A
set of examples for isotropic scattering is examined in detail and
shows excellent agreement throughout. Among the possible extensions
is a theorem on a homogeneous cloud of arbitrary shape with arbitrary
phase function; this theorem relates the radiation field arising from
uniform external illumination to the radiation field arising from
uniformly embedded sources.
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Title: Roaming Through Astrophysics
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1998ARA&A..36....1V Altcode:
When looking over my past career, it strikes me that so little of
it was planned. Surely, the plans for the next weeks and months
usually went smoothly ahead. But on a five-year perspective, I see a
radically different pattern. Invariably some major turn has taken place,
which seemed utterly unpredictable. The reasons are many. Accidental
circumstances, new formal tasks or challenges, and often the well-timed
advice of a good friend have been instrumental in bringing these changes
about. Both sudden and gradual shifts occurred. In the following
lines, I try to relate some of these events, which helped shape my
professional life.
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Title: COSPAR's First Years: A Personal View
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1998fyc..conf....5V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Molecules in astrophysics half a century ago.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1997IAUS..178...13V Altcode: 1996IAUS..178...13V
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Scaling Laws in Multiple Light Scattering under very Small
Angles. (Karl Schwarzschild Lecture 1995)
Authors: van de Hulst, H.
1996RvMA....9....1V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Herinneringen aan Chandrasekhar.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1995Zenit..22..518V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Multiple scattering metamorphosis of a non-Gaussian
single-scatter phase function
Authors: Joelson, Brad D.; Kattawar, George W.; van de Hulst,
Hendrik C.
1994SPIE.2258..234J Altcode:
Pulse broadening due to multiple scattering has long been of
fundamental importance in the study of laser pulse transmission
through the ocean as well as other diverse areas of science such as
astrophysics, meteorology, and medical physics. We have used a Monte
Carlo simulation to investigate the spatial and temporal spreading of
a pulse (`pulse stretching') as it propagates through a medium due
to small angle multiple scattering as described by van de Hulst and
Kattawar. We show the transformation of single scatter distributions
into those predicted by the central limit theorem. We also derive the
scattering property of the medium finding a simple relation between the
phase function and the scattering parameter which connects the single
scatter mean square scattering angle, <(Theta) <SUP>2</SUP>>, and
the multiple scatter expectation value, <(Theta) <SUP>2</SUP>>,
along with well defined limits of validity of the present theory in
terms of the basic scattering parameters of the medium.
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Title: Jan Hendrik Oort (1900 - 1992).
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1994QJRAS..35..237V Altcode: 1994QJRAS..35..237.
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Cosmical Aerodynamics - Why was it so Difficult?
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1994Ap&SS.216....1V Altcode:
An historical perspective of research in the area of cosmic gas dynamics
is presented. Topics covered include the following: magnetohydrodynamic
waves; shocks and other fronts; numerical solutions; and turbulence.
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Title: Space Science Beyond the Solar System
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1993SSRv...65..201V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Two great astrophysicists: some personal reflections.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1992atc..book....1V Altcode:
The author presents some personal reflections on Pikel'ner and
Shklovsky.
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Title: Accurate eigenvalues and exact extrapolation lengths in
radiative transfer.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Stark, R.
1990A&A...235..511V Altcode:
This paper points out a close connection between two separate problems
of radiative transfer with isotropic scattering. First, the eigenvalues
η<SUB>m</SUB>(b) of the Milne operator in a plane-parallel slab or a
spherical cloud with optical thickness b are transformed in a manner
permitting extremely accurate graphical interpolation. Secondly, the
extrapolation length z(a) in a semi-infinite atmosphere is discussed
for generative media (a > 1) and for absorbing media (a < 1)
with the conservative case (a = 1) as their common limit. It is shown
that the limiting curve for m → ∞ in the first problem follows
from the rigorous solution of the second problem. The properties of
z(a) are established in several ways: analytically by classical theory
dating back to Davison (1946), numerically, and by expansion in powers
of (1-a). Definite integrals representing the values for fixed a and
the first three expansion coefficients are derived and computed. The
values found for a > 1 from the slab eigenvalues, and for a <
1 via the H-functions, join together in a smooth curve. Suggestions
for a generalization of the presented theory to anisotropic scattering
are made.
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Title: The DIM Past of Dusty Space
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1989eidr.proc....1V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Diffuse Reflection from a Spherical Interstellar Dust Cloud
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1989eidr.proc..275V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Radiative transfer in a spherical dust cloud. II - Asymptotic
form of the reflection function for isotropic scattering
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1988A&A...207..182V Altcode:
The preparatory part of this paper deals with radiative transfer in a
homogeneous spherical cloud with isotropic scattering and an arbitrary
optical depth r along the radius. The main part derives the terms
proportional to r<SUP>-1</SUP> which form the asymptotic corrections to
the reflection against and diffusion into a semi-infinite medium. The
asymptotic form of the input-output function is expressed by means
of a linear differential operator L with respect to μ, the cosine of
the angle of incidence or emergence.
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Title: Radiative transfer in a spherical dust cloud. I - Exact
results for isotropic scattering
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1987A&A...173..115V Altcode:
Expressions are derived for the penetration of diffuse starlight into a
spherical interstellar dust cloud and the diffuse reflection from the
same cloud - assuming isotropic scattering - based on exact radiative
transfer equations. An old mapping theorem is used, stating that the
Milne equation for a homogeneous slab of isotropic scatterers with
albedo 'a' and its equivalent for a homogeneous spherical cloud have
such forms that any symmetric solution in a sphere of optical radius
r can be rigorously mapped on an antisymmetric solution in a slab of
optical thickness b equals 2r. Procedures are outlined for computing by
means of the mapping theorem the full radiation density in the sphere
and the spherical reflection function and its moments, using available
analytical and numerical results for slabs. A surprising result is that
the biomoments of the reflection function of the sphere, including
the Bond albedo, are expressed exactly in terms of the well-studied
moments of the X- and Y-functions for the slab.
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Title: Interrelations for the elements of a general scattering matrix.
Authors: Hovenier, J. W.; van de Hulst, H. C.; van der Mee, C. V. M.
1986NAC....41...42H Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Conditions for the elements of the scattering matrix
Authors: Hovenier, J. W.; van de Hulst, H. C.; van der Mee, C. V. M.
1986A&A...157..301H Altcode:
A study is made of general conditions for the 16 elements of the
scattering matrix that transforms the Stokes parameters of the
incident wave into those of the scattered wave. A number of relations
is derived for scattering by one particle of arbitrary size, shape and
composition. In this case a complete set of nine independent equations
is found. Several methods are described to obtain inequalities for
the elements of the scattering matrix for an assembly of particles. A
selection of these inequalities is explicitly derived and discussed.
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Title: Grains - What do we know?
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1986ASSL..124..161V Altcode: 1986lodm.conf..161V
The evolution of various models and observational techniques for
detecting the physical characteristics of interstellar grains are
summarized. A critical examination is given to phrases such as
'dust', the 'interstellar medium', the H II region, etc., that are
routinely applied in descriptions of grains. Possible interpretations of
extinction data for grains are discussed, noting the inaccuracies that
are introduced by using light from a background star whose distance
and spectra cannot be well characterized. The albedo of the grain
wisps must be treated as an unknown, and the bases for all models
must reside on the size and composition of typical grains of a given
cloud. Observational targets which would permit derivation of the
critical parameters for modeling the grains are briefly considered.
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Title: Op het spoor van de 21 cm lijn.
Authors: van de Hulst, H.
1986Zenit..13..254V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Multiple Light Scattering Tables Formulas
and Applications
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Roberge, W. G.
1985SSRv...41R.204V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Interrelations for the Elements of the Scattering Matrix
Authors: Hovenier, J. W.; van de Hulst, H. C.; van der Mee, C. V. M.
1985LPICo.569...12H Altcode:
Light scattered by molecules and particulate matter in planetary
atmospheres was analyzed. The 4x4 scattering matrix that transforms the
Stokes parameters of the incident beam into those of the scattered beam
is discussed. Elementary methods are described to obtain interrelations
for the 16 elements of the scattering matrix, when light is scattered
by a particle of arbitrary size, shape and composition or by a
collection of such particles. The implications of the results for
the interpretation of polarimetric data of planets with an atmosphere
are outlined.
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Title: Book-Review - the Early Years of Radio Astronomy - Reflections
Fifty Years after Jansky's Discovery
Authors: Sullivan, W. T., III; van de Hulst, H. C.
1984SSRv...39..218S Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Guidance and Control 1983
Authors: Brinkman, A. C.; Hovenier, J. W.; Wittenberg, H.; Friedjung,
Michael; 't Hooft, G.; Dworetsky, M. M.; Danziger, I. J.; van de
Hulst, H. C.; Zimmerman, J. T. F.; Fárník, František; Doom,
Cl.; Schuurmans, C. J. E.; Valníček, B.; van Ingen, J. L.; van
Konijnenburg, R.; Schuiling, R. D.; Millman, Peter M.; Nordlund, Åke;
Maeder, André; Habing, H. J.; Dachs, J.; Kleczek, J.; Wakker, K. F.
1984SSRv...39..215B Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Nederland in de ruimte.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1984Zenit..11..292V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Europa bouwde supercamera voor Space Telescope.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Kamperman, T. M.
1984Zenit..11..452V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Nanohertz astronomy
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1984eyra.book..385V Altcode:
The paper is an attempt at what with a sophistication understandable
to radio astronomers might be termed nanohertz astronomy: the art
of registering the coming and going of astronomical convictions in
periods of the order of 10<SUP>9</SUP> seconds = 30 years.
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Paul,
E. R.
1982JHA....13..141V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H.; Davies, R. D.
1982JBAA...92..150V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: 1945, The Origin of Radio Waves from Space
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1982cra..book..302V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Abhyankar,
K. D.
1981BASI....9..333V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Tayler,
R. J.
1981Obs...101...88V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, N.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1981JBAA...91..302V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Light scattering by small particles
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1981lssp.book.....V Altcode:
The measurement of light scattering of independent, homogeneous
particles has many useful applications in physical chemistry,
meteorology and astronomy. There is, however, a sizeable gap between the
abstract formulae related to electromagnetic-wave-scattering phenomena,
and the computation of reliable figures and curves. Dr. van de Hulst's
book enables researchers to bridge that gap. The product of twelve years
of work, it is an exhaustive study of light-scattering properties of
small, individual particles, and includes a survey of all the relevant
literature. Beginning with a broad overview of basic scattering theory,
Dr. van de Hulst covers the conservation of energy and momentum;
wave propagation in vacuum and in a medium containing scatterers;
and polarized light and symmetry relations. The heart of the book is
devoted to the rigorous scattering theory for spheres of arbitrary
size (Mie theory) and to various modes of approximation such as the
Rayleigh-Gaas approximation, the perfect reflection approximation, the
geometrical-optics approximation, and others. Methods of computation
are given with respect to different kinds of particles, bodies and
phenomena: particles small or very large compared to the wavelength,
absorbing and nonabsorbing spheres, water drops, circular cylinders,
edge phenomena and surface waves, and many others. In the last part,
the author covers the use of scattering and extinction experiments
as a practical tool, including applications in chemistry, meteorology
and astronomy. This book's comprehensive, lucid coverage of the field
makes it a valuable source for all those interested in light-scattering
theory. It is absolutely essential for researchers needing to employ
light-scattering measurements, and its republication will be welcomed
especially by those who have found this necessary source difficult to
obtain. Over 400 references. 46 tables. 59 graphs. Subject and name
indexes. 44 illustrations.
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Perek, L.
1981BAICz..32..318V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1981JHA....12...73V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Multiple Light Scattering - VOL.1
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1981Sci...211.1458V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1981S&T....61..440V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Multiple Light Scattering / VOLS.1&2
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1981S&T....62...61V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Oort and the Universe: A Sketch of Oort's Research and Person
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Arp,
Halton
1981PhT....34g..62V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.;
Wallenquist, A.
1981SSRv...28..117V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Richter,
G. A.
1981AN....302..256V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Multiple Light Scattering
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Mukai, S.
1981SSRv...28..451V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Book-Review - Oort and the Universe
Authors: van Woerden, H.; Brouw, W. N.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Whitney,
C. A.
1981S&T....62..149V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Multiple light scattering. Tables, formulas and applications
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1980mlst.book.....V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: The faint object camera for the space telescope
Authors: Macchetto, F.; van de Hulst, H. C.; di Serego Alighieri, S.
1980ESASP1029.....M Altcode: 1980STIN...8114937M; 1980focs.book.....M
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Multiple light scattering. Vols._1_and_2.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1980mlsv.book.....V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Models for interpreting the diffuse galactic light.
Authors: Bastiaansen, P. A.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1977A&A....61....1B Altcode:
The stars which act as primary light sources have a wider distribution
perpendicularly to the galactic plane than the dust which causes
the diffuse galactic light. This situation is approximated by a
model in which a fraction F of the starlight is distributed in
proportion to the dust and a fraction 1-F illuminates the dust
layer from outside. Computations of the midlayer distribution of
diffuse light with latitude are made for various combinations of the
single-scattering albedo a and the asymmetry factor g. Curves with
different F can in practice be matched if a or g are adjusted. Earlier
analyses of observed data based on a model with F = 1 may have led to
an underestimate of a and/or g.
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Title: Book Review: Light scattering in planetary
atmospheres. V.V. Sobolev. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, N.Y., 1975.256
pp. $25.00.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1977Icar...32..130V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Hybrid Methods are Helpful
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1977NASCP...4....1V Altcode: 1977NASCP.004....1V
No abstract at ADS
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Title: The spherical albedo of a planet covered with a homogeneous
cloud layer.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1974A&A....35..209V Altcode:
The similarity rules valid for reflection against planetary cloud layers
make it possible to transform the set of parameters a (albedo for single
scattering), g (asymmetry factor for single scattering), and b (optical
thickness) in such a manner that the numerical results remain about the
same. Three forms of such rules, which coincide for nearly-conservative
scattering, are explained and a preference is expressed for one of
them, in which the parameter s is kept invariant. The numerical test
on the spherical albedo A* of a homogeneous semiinfinite atmosphere
with Henyey-Greenstein scattering confirms that A* may be expressed as
a simple function of s alone, with deviations reaching at most 0.002
for any set of parameters (a, g). Such a close similarity cannot be
found for the plane albedo.
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Title: Where is the Interstellar Medium?
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1974ASIC....6....1V Altcode: 1974inme.conf....1V
No abstract at ADS
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Title: A Quick Review of Interstellar Grains
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1973IAUS...52..569V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Interstellar dust and related topics. Symposium no. 52, held
at the State University of New York at Albany, Albany, N.Y., U.S.A.
Authors: Greenberg, Jerome Mayo; van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
1973IAUS...52.....G Altcode: 1973QB791.I57......
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Cosmic-ray Electrons
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1972QJRAS..13...10V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Some Problems of Anisotropic Scattering in Planetary
Atmospheres
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1971IAUS...40..177V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Spectral Analysis of Gamma Rays with the Cos-B Satellite. The
Caravane Collaboration
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Scheepmaker, A.; Swanenburg, B. N.;
Pfeffermann, H. A.; Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A.; Pinkau, K.; Rothermel,
H.; Schneider, H.; Voges, W.; Labeyrie, J.; Keirle, P.; Paul, J.;
Bellomo, G.; Bignami, G.; Boella, G.; Scarsi, L.; Pearce, G. W.;
Hutchinson, A. J.; Ramsden, D.; Wills, R. D.; Wright, P. J.
1971IAUS...41...37V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Multiple scattering in planetary atmospheres.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1971JQSRT..11..785V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: The Spectrum of the Anisotropic Transfer Equation
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1970A&A.....9..366V Altcode:
The discrete values of , for which the equation of transfer in a
homogeneous medium with an arbitrary phase function has a solution
proportional to exp ( ), where T is optical depth, are studied. Various
forms of the characteristic equation, from which ib can be solved,
are given. The simple relation g ( 1) 0 for n Co, where g (x) are
the Ku er polynomia, is recommended for practical computation. The
relation by which the albedo for simple scattering, w0 = a, depends on
IC when the form of the scattering pattern is given, is derived both for
linearly anisotropic scattering (N = 1) and for the Henyey-Greenstein
scattering functions. Knowledge of the multiple values of IC for one a,
which may be read from the graphs presented, is helpful in estimating
the domain of practical validity of the diffusion approximation.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: High-order Scattering in Diffuse Reflection from a
Semi-infinite Atmosphere
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1970A&A.....9..374V Altcode:
An asymptotic formula representing the terms with a relative error 0 (n-
8) is found for the radiation intensity reflected from a semi-infinite
atmosphere after n successive scatterings. The method, valid for an
arbitrary phase function, is to transform a power series in Ic, the
diffusion exponent, into one in t = (1 - a)118 and then into one in a,
the albedo for single scattering. Four examples, including isotropic
and highly anisotropic scattering, show the method to be accurate
and convenient. If exact values for the orders n = 1 to 6 are known,
values for all higher orders can be estimated to within a percent by
this method.
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Title: Reduction to H-functions in Radiative Transfer with a General
Anisotropic Phase Function
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1970A&A.....9..359V Altcode:
The solution of the diffusion problem in an unbounded homogeneous
medium, containing the KuAcer polynomials, and the solution of the
reflection function against a semi-infinite atmosphere, containing the
Busbridge polynomials and the H4unction, are reviewed. It is shown that
the solution of the Milne problem for non-conservative scattering is
expressible in the same polynomials, the characteristic root and the
H-function The derivation is simple with the help of a new integral
containing a combination of these polynomials and the H-function. Some
additional constants and the transition to conservative scattering
are discussed. In spite of the simplification reached in this paper,
the reduction to H-functions is not recommended as a practical method
if the phase function contains Legendre polynomials of large order.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Search for Galactic γ-RAYS with Energies Greater than 500
MeV on Board OGO-5
Authors: Bleeker, J. A. M.; Burger, J. J.; Deerenberg, A. J. M.;
van de Hulst, H. C.; Scheepmaker, A.; Swanenburg, B. N.; Tanaka, Y.
1970IAUS...37..297B Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Review of Cosmical Gas Dynamics
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1970IAUS...39....3V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Interstellar Grains
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1970saac.book..321V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Time variations in the cosmic ray electron spectrum above
500 MeV
Authors: Bleeker, J. A. M.; Burger, J. J.; Deerenberg, A. J. M.;
van de Hulst, H. C.; Scheepmaker, A.; Swanenburg, B. N.; Tanaka, Y.
1970ICRC....1..209B Altcode: 1970ICRC...11a.209B
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Interstellar Extinction (introductory Lecture)
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1970IAUS...36...23V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: The cosmic ray electron spectrum between 0. 5 and 10 GeV
observed on board OGO-5
Authors: Bleeker, J. A. M.; Burger, J. J.; Deerenberg, A. J. M.;
van de Hulst, H. C.; Scheepmaker, A.; Swanenburg, B. N.; Tanaka, Y.
1970ICRC....1..217B Altcode: 1970ICRC...11a.217B
No abstract at ADS
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Title: The interpretation of the diffuse galactic radiation
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; de Jong, T.
1969Phy....41..151V Altcode:
Witt's observations of the diffuse galactic radiation are reinterpreted
by solving the same transfer problem exactly, instead of using
Eddington's approximation. A range of combinations of a (albedo)
and g (anisotropy factor) of the single scattering diagram fits the
data. This result does not depart greatly from the conclusion reached
by Henyey and Greenstein in 1941. Platt particles and graphite flakes
seem to be ruled out.
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Title: Interstellar Matter
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1969crsr.conf..122V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Radiative transfer in thick atmospheres with an arbitrary
scattering function
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1968BAN....20...77V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Observing the interstellar magnetic field
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1968BAAA...11...26V Altcode:
Before coming to a more detailed discussion, let us see what ways
exist to establish the presence of a magnetic field In the galaxy at
all. (Table 1). We shall briefly review these methods one by one.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Multiple Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Grossman, K.
1968avm..book...35V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
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Title: Observing the galactic magnetic field (Introductory
Report). Discussion.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1967IAUS...31..375V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Introduction to Astrophysics
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1967ASSL....9....1V Altcode: 1967ers..conf....1V
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Observing the Galactic Magnetic Field
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1967ARA&A...5..167V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Book reviews
Authors: Fokker, A. D.; van den Heuvel, E. P. J.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1966SSRv....6..415F Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Future of Space Research
Authors: van de Hulst, Hendrik C.
1966NASSP..82...34V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The escape of radiation from a semi-infinite non-conservative
atmosphere
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Terhoeve, F. G.
1966BAN....18..377V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Formation of molecular hydrogen in interstellar space
Authors: Knaap, H. F. P.; van den Meijdenberg, C. J. N.; Beenakker,
J. J. M.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1966BAN....18..256K Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Radio astronomy at Leiden University
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1965BAAA...10...55V Altcode:
The radiotelescope of 25-meter diameter at Dwingeloo is now 10 years in
almost continuous operation. The Observatories of Leiden and Groningen
share the observing time. A doctor's thesis is often based on several
thousand hours of observation, not all taken by the man himself. A good
part of the registration and reduction is automatic. In the following
a selection of some recent results is presented.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Multiple scattering in plane atmosphere
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1965BAAA...10...56V Altcode:
Studies on multiple scattering and radiative transfer began early in
this century by the work of Schwarzschild, Miln e, and Eddington. In the
1950's the important books of Chandrasekhar, Kourganoff and Sobolev on
this subject appeared. In spite of the fact that almost all important
questions in this very classical problem have now been solved, it often
takes long to obtain the numerical answer to a simple question. For
that reason I stated some years ago to prepare a book which should
contain many tables and graphs together with a condensed text. In the
course of this work it was found useful to deviate from normal usage
in some respects, which I shall briefly review.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Kirchhoff's law for arbitrarily polarized light
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1965BAN....18....1V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Diffuse Reflection and Transmission by a Very Thick
Plane-Parallel Atmosphere with Isotropic Scattering
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1964Icar....3..336V Altcode:
Radiation from arbitrary directions incident on a thick, homogeneous,
conservative atmosphere with isotropic scattering is mostly diffusely
reflected. A smaller part diffuses through the atmosphere and emerges
at the other side. Sobolev's equations, which give the asymptotic forms
of the reflection and transmission functions for large thickness, b,
in terms of the function H(μ) known from the theory of semi-infinite
atmospheres, are newly derived. It is shown by two examples that
knowledge of these asymptotic forms makes it possible accurately to
interpolate any quantity dependent on bbetweenb = 1 and b = ∞.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The point-direction gain in a plane-parallel scattering
atmosphere
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1964BAN....17..495V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Middel EN doel in de sterrekunde
Authors: van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
1963medd.book.....V Altcode: 1963QB51.H87.......
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: International agreement as a vital factor in radio astronomy
and space research
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1963crsp.conf..412V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The interstellar gas and the galactic halo
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1963crsp.conf..220V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: General Report on Radiation Transfer in Planets Scattering
in Model Planetary Atmospheres
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Irvine, W. M.
1963LIACo..11...78V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The third integral of motion for low-velocity stars
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1962BAN....16..235V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Astronomical Objectives of Space Research
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1962saa..conf....3V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A multiple scattering problem with an anisotropic phase
function.
Authors: Davis, M. M.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1961PRNAA..64..220D Altcode: 1961RNAAS..64..220D
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A multiple scattering problem with an anisotropic phase
function.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Davis, M. M.
1961PRNAA..64..220V Altcode: 1961RNAAS..64..220V
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Space Research II
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; de Jager, C.; Moore, A. F.
1961spre.conf.....V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Methods for computing the original orbits of comets
Authors: Bilo, E. H.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1960BAN....15..119B Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Review of Publications- Light Scattering by Small Particles
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1960JRASC..54...89V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Neutral hydrogen in extra-galactic systems
Authors: Volders, Louise; van de Hulst, H. C.
1959IAUS....9..423V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Concluding lecture
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1959IAUS....9..398V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Part VIII: Summaries and Conclusions
Authors: Burgers, J. M.; Liepmann, H.; van de Hulst, H. C.; Kahn,
F. D.; Seaton, M. J.; Pecker, J. C.; Schatzman, E.; Spitzer, L., Jr.
1958RvMP...30.1095B Altcode: 1958IAUS....8.1095B
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Density and Velocity Distribution of the Interstellar Gas
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1958RvMP...30..913V Altcode: 1958IAUS....8..913V
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The distribution of atomic hydrogen in the Galaxy
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1958IAUS....5...16V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Buchbesprechungen über: Light scattering by small
particles. (Ref. W. Franz)
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1958ZA.....45..149V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Buchbesprechung über: Radiostronomy (Ref. W. Priester)
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1958ZA.....46..282V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Interstellar Médium
Authors: Van de Hulst, H. C.
1958ICRC....4..497V Altcode: 1958cora.conf..497V
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Magnetic Fields in Astrophysics
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1958IAUS....6....5V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Rotation and density distribution of the Andromeda nebula
derived from observations of the 21-cm line
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Raimond, E.; van Woerden, H.
1957BAN....14....1V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Corrections of 21-cm line profiles
Authors: Ollongren, A.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1957BAN....13..196O Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Light Scattering by Small Particles
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1957lssp.book.....V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Radio astronomy.
Authors: van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
1957raas.book.....V Altcode: 1957QB475.H8.......
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Radio astronomy, proceedings from 4th IAU Symposium.
Authors: van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
1957IAUS....4.....V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Studies of the 21-cm. line and their interpretation
(Introductory Lecture)
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1957IAUS....4....3V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The flux densities of some radio sources at 400 Mc/s
Authors: Seeger, Ch. L.; Westerhout, G.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1956BAN....13...89S Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The zodiacal light
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1956VA......2..998V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Cosmic Ray Conference in Mexico
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1955S&T....15...63V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Solid Particles in Interstellar Space: introductory report
Authors: Van de Hulst, H. C.
1955LIACo...6..393V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: A Survey of Problems and Suggested Solutions
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1955IAUS....2...42V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: On the Polarization of the Zodiacal Light
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1955LIACo...6...89V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The spiral structure of the outer part of the Galactic System
derived from the hydrogen emission at 21 cm wavelength
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Muller, C. A.; Oort, J. H.
1954BAN....12..117V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Galaxy explored by radio waves
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1953Obs....73..129V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Chromosphere and the Corona
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1953sun..book..207V Altcode: 1953sun..book..207H
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Planetary Nebulae as Ionized Hydrogen Regions.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1952ApJ...115..331V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Observations of the interstellar hydrogen line of wave length
21 cm made at Kootwijk, Netherlands.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1951AJ.....56..144V Altcode:
The change of energy effected in the ground state of a hydrogen atom by
reversing the electron spin relative to the proton spin corresponds to
a frequency of 1420.4 Mc/sec, or a wave length of 21 cm. This line may
be emitted by magnetic 4ipole radiation. The computed life time of the
upper level, i.e. the inverse transition probability, is I I million
years. The discovery of this line as an emission line from interstellar
space was made by Ewen on March 25, 1951, about seven years after its
prediction. It was confirmed on May I I by Mr. C. A. Muller of the Radio
Astronomy Research Group in the Netherlands. A later confirmation was
obtained early in July by Christiansen and Hindman of the Australian
group. The Dutch measurements were made with a movable mirror of 7 meter
diameter and 2?8 beam width. Scans were made across the Milky Way at
many longitudes with continuous switching from a frequency in the line
to a frequency outside it. The intensity on the galactic equator in
Cygnus is somewhat larger than in the direction towards the galactic
center. Half the maximum intensity is reached at latitudes +40 to 80,
depending on longitude. The large width in latitude suggests that the
emission comes from relatively nearby clouds, which is confirmed by a
computation of opacity depth based on assumed values of the transition
probability, temperature and density. The shape of the line toward the
center (1 = 3250) is symmetrical and yields an average cloud velocity
of 5 km/sec in one Co- ordinate. At 1 = 3550 the line is broadened by
galactic rotation. A scan across the Milky Way at that longitude and
at a frequency 250 kc/sec below normal, i.e. in the wing of the line,
gave a much sharper drop of intensity with latitude, showing that
more distant parts of the galaxy are observed. The importance of this
discovery for investigations of galactic structure is very great. The
Doppler displacement will reveal for the first time the rotation of the
inner parts of our galaxy, which are hidden from sight by obscuring
clouds. And the vast regions of interstellar space where hydrogen
is neutral become for the first time accessible to observation. A
full survey will require three-dimensional scanning, in longitude,
latitude and frequency. The equipment at Kootwijk is now disassembled
for improvements. More details of these results are described in a
letter to Nature. Leiden Observatory, Leiden, Netherlands
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Interstellar polarization by absorbing particles.
Authors: Smith, Elske V. P.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1951AJ.....56R.141S Altcode:
absorbing cylinders is applied to test the hypothesis that such
particles are responsible for the observed polarization. Among
the requirements imposed by the observations on any theory of the
interstellar polarization are the facts that the amount of the
polarization is independent of the wave length and that there is
a certain correlation with the reddening. This correlation is such
that the reddening is always present when polarization is observed,
though the converse is not true. The theory for cylinders is analogous
to the Mie theory of scattering by spheres. The efficiency factor for
extinction varies with the direction of the electric vector of the
incident light. The extinction is greatest when the electric vector is
parallel to the cylinder axis, and least when it `is perpendicular. The
ratio of the greatest to the least efficiency factor can be considered
to define the amount of polarization. In computing the efficiency
factors of cylinders we sum over the coefficients of extinction which
appear in the solution of the scalar wave equation. These coefficients
are in turn calculated from certain phase angles. The phase angles
had already been calculated previously' for some real refractive
indices. Our problem was to calculate the efficiency factors for
slightly absorbing cylinders. A representative refractive index for
such particles is m = 1.50 - 0.10 ~, for which the imaginary part is
small. The computations were greatly simplified by using the results
for real refractive indices and calculating the changes of the phase
angles with small changes in the index. A graphical method of solution
was used. Curves are given for theoretical extinction of particles with
the refractive index I .500. lOt for the electric vector parallel and
perpendicular to the cylinder axis, respectively. These curves follow
an approximate I/N law such as that observed for the reddening. These
particles could therefore produce the observed reddening. Curves
were also calculated by Mr. Grootendorst and the second author for m =
1.414-1.414 t, a value representative for metallic particles. Comparison
of the ratios of the extinction produced by the two alternative
directions of the incident electric vector with the maximum observed
values, indicate that the margin is even smaller for partially absorbing
particles than for pure dielectric cylinders. It had been hoped that the
opposite would be true, since the particles are presumably not perfectly
aligned and may not be as long as we have assumed, and therefore would
not show the maximum polarization as predicted by theory. I.van de
Hulst, Ap. J. 112 1, 1949. Harvard College Observatory, Cambridge,
Mass., and Leiden Observatory, Leiden, Netherlands.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Shell of Nova Aquilae 1918
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1951pca..conf..116V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Interstellar Polarization and Magneto-hydrodynamic Waves
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1951pca..conf...45V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The amount of Polarization by Interstellar Grains.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1950ApJ...112....1V Altcode:
The extinction of light by long dielectric cylinders is computed for
different directions of polarization. Cylinders with diameters of the
order of the wave length give the correct dependence of interstellar
polarization on wave length, whereas cylinders or ellipsoids small
compared to the wave length do not. The computed amount of polarization
is barely sufficient to explain the observations, even if the grains
are strongly elongated and fully aligned.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The electron density of the solar corona
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1950BAN....11..135V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: On the polar rays of the corona (Errata: 11 VIII)
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1950BAN....11..150V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The solid particles in interstellar space.
Authors: van de Hulst, Hendrik Christoffel
1949spis.book.....V Altcode: 1949QB4.U8l11p2....
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Scattering in the Atmospheres of the Earth and Planets
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1949aep..conf...49V Altcode:
Introduction <P />The extinction <P />Scattering by haze, fog, and dust
<P />The blue daylight sky <P />Exploration of the high atmosphere by
optical methods <P />Some calculations on scattering in the atmospheres
of the planets
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Brightness Variations of the Solar Corona
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1949Natur.163...24V Altcode:
BAUMBACH<SUP>1</SUP> derived in 1937 the electron densities in
the solar corona from a compilation of many measurements of its
surface brightness. His values for N<SUB>e</SUB> have proved useful
in many investigations of the physical state of the corona and the
radio waves emitted by it. However, for two reasons, they are not
entirely accurate. First, it has now become clear<SUP>2</SUP> that
only part of the surface brightness arises from electron scattering
(K-component). In the outer corona the other part (F-component) is
stronger. It has circular symmetry and may be ascribed to diffraction by
interplanetary dust. Secondly, the brightness and shape of the corona
change with the 11-year cycle of solar activity. These changes, which
are partially masked by the superposition of the constant F-component,
have been neglected in Baumbach's work.
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Scattering in a Planetary Atmosphere.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1948ApJ...107..220V Altcode:
In this paper the problem of multiple scattering in a planetary
atmosphere, both with and without a diffusely reflecting bottom surface,
is discussed. We assume that the atmospheric scattering is isotropic,
with an albedo a, and that the ground surface reflects the radiation
according to Lambert's law, with an albedo b. Sections 11-TV are
devoted to the standard problem, i.e., to the problem of a finite
atmosphere without a ground surface. After the exact expressions for
single and double scattering have been obtained in Section II by direct
integration, we show in Section III that an indirect method gives the
same result in a more elegant way. This method is based on the use of
Chandrasekhar's equations by which the in- tensities of the reflected
and transmitted radiation can be expressed in terms of two functions,
X(s) and Y(s). A new feature in the present discussion is that physical
meanings are assigned to these func- tions. With these meanings the
general relations are newly derived; and the expressions for single
and double scattering are obtained in a simple manner. Section IV
completes these calculations by adding an approximate expression for
the third-order scattering. A numerical example shows that in this
way an accuracy of 0.1 per cent is reached for an atmosphere with r
= 0.1. Section V discusses the planet problem, i.e., the problem of
an atmosphere with a bottom surface. The solution of this problem is
expressed in a general way in terms of the solution of the standard
prob- 1cm. The exact solution for the case of an isotropically
scattering atmosphere involves the functions X(s) and Y(s) and their
moments. Formulae suitable for the case of a thin atmosphere are
also given and illustrated by a numerical example. A comprehensive
discussion of the nw1 Itemat ical funcliins occurring in these
calculations is given in the appendix. They are of three types: The
functions E~(x) are the ordinary exponential integrals. The functions
F~(b, x) are definite integrals, of which the integrand is the product
of an E-function and an exponential function. The functions Gnm(X)
and G~m(X) are definite integrals, of which the integrand is the
product of two E-functions. Only the last type of functions cannot
be. expressed in terms of known functions. For their calculation a
new elementary function, the exponential integral of the second order,
is introduced. Numerical values of all functions needed are given in
four tables
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Evolution and Physics of Solid Particles
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1948HarMo...7...73V Altcode: 1948cent.symp...73V
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Line Breadths and Voigt Profiles.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.; Reesinck, J. J. M.
1947ApJ...106..121V Altcode:
Voigt functions are useful approximations for the intensity distribution
in spectral lines. A table of these functions is given, and its use in
computations on instrumental distortion is explained. Some mathematical
properties of the Voigt functions are mentioned
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Zodiacal Light in the Solar Corona.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1947ApJ...105..471V Altcode:
The observations of Grotrian and Ohman show that the continuous light of
the corona consists of two components: a component K, strongly polarized
and showing no Fraunhofer lines, and a component F, unpolarized and
having unbroadened Fraunhofer lines. The former component is believed
to arise from electron scattering; the latter is the subject of this
paper. An analysis of the photometric data on the corona and on the
zodiacal light indicates that the F-com- ponent dominates in the
outer corona and suggests strongly that this component is just the
extension of the zodiacal light. Other suggested explanations seem to
be insufficient. A theory of the scattering in interplanetary space is
given. The scattering by a solid particle consists of diffraction and
reflection; the first and the most important part has been neglected in
earlier discus- sion. Curves of the surface brightness as a function
of the elongation are obtained for particles of various sizes on the
assumption of a constant space density. The assumption that there
are no particles within 0.1 A.U. from the sun changes the results
only slightly. Theory and observations are then combined to give
the distribution function of the radii, a. It has the form n(a) =
3.5 X 1O~°a~6
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Gas and smoke in interstellar space
Authors: Oort, J. H.; van de Hulst, H. C.
1946BAN....10..187O Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Instrumental distortion of weak spectral lines
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1946BAN....10...79V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The solid particles in interstellar space
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1946RAOU...11....2V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Optics of spherical particles
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1946PhDT.........3V Altcode: 1946QB4.U8l11p1....; 1946RAOU...11....1V
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Generalization of some methods for solving an integral equation
of the first kind
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1946BAN....10...75V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Radiogolven uit het wereldruim: II. Herkomst der radiogolven
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Radiogolven uit het wereldruim: II. Herkomst der radiogolven
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Radio waves from space.
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1945NTvN...11..210V Altcode:
Radio waves, received from any celestial object -- they being the
far infra red portion of its spectrum -- deserve attention. The 21.2
cm line due to transitions between hyperfine structure components
of the hydrogen ground level, might be observaabe if the lifetime
of the upper level does not exceed 4.10^8 year, which, however is
improbable. [partial summary]
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The atmospheric oxygen bands
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1945AnAp....8...12V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: Theory of absorption lines in the atmosphere of the Earth
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1945AnAp....8....1V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
---------------------------------------------------------
Title: The determination of the true profile of a spectral line
Authors: van de Hulst, H. C.
1941BAN.....9..225V Altcode:
No abstract at ADS
