file: iart-2005-06.txt = information NS-252B = IART 2005-06 last: Jan 24 2006 site: https://robrutten.nl/education/rjr-courses clicker in https://robrutten.nl/Astronomy_courses.html note: this file = information + diary messages: majordomo-lijst ns-252b Osiris pagina: https://www.osiris.uu.nl/oolp/owcselect?selectie=cursus&collegejaar=2005&cursus=NS-252B NS-252B = IART (= AIST = NGSB = OTS) "Introduction to Astrophysical Radiative Transfer" period 2 2005-2006 credit 7.5 ects Docent: Rob Rutten BBL704 2535226 R.J.Rutten@astro.uu.nl Assistent: Jorrit Leenaarts BBL758 2535206 J.Leenaarts@astro.uu.nl Respons: Mark Verkoulen, Jeroen Bartol, Gregal Vissers Students: see list at bottom Schedule: Mon 13:15-17:00 BBL 768/771 college + talks + werkcollege Fri 09:15-12:45 BBL 768/771 college + talks + werkcollege Fri 13:15-16:30 MIN 031 practicum Start: week 46 Monday 14 Nov Off: Thursday Nov 24, Sinterklaas, week 52, week 02 End: week 02 Thu 19 Jan at Museum Sterrenwacht Sonnenborgh week 03 if necessary (more gaps) Tentamen: January 30 2006 14:00-17:00 March 20? 2006 http://www1.phys.uu.nl/onderwijs/studiepunt/roosters/toetsen/ Language: Dutch or English depending on audience. Presentations and reports in English. Information: email list NS-252B (subscribe/unsubscribe) https://robrutten.nl/education/rjr-courses/iart-2005-06.txt Lecture notes: "Opwekking en transport van straling (AIST)" verkrijgbaar bij het BOZ. = "Generation and Transport of Radiation" sold by Marion Wijburg (SIU secretariat) Book: Rybicki & Lightman, "Radiative Processes in Astrophysics", not obligatory or necessary but highly recommended for future astrophysicists (but it is expensive). Chapter 1 of the book is effectively a summary of this course. Chapter 6 of the course is a partial summary of the rest of the book. Prerequisites: high school physics including Bohr atom theory Examination: obligatory. The tentamen defines the final score. The emphasis is on insight. Bring your calculator and drawing gear (pencil, eraser) but no book, lecture notes, computer, cell phone. Werkcollege: many short questions are supplied in the lecture notes, with answers in the back. Larger problems are handed out in the werkcollege. The final ones are test examinations. Werkcollege attendance is not obligatory but highly recommended. Practicum: obligatory. The instructions are distributed during the course but are also available at https://robrutten.nl/My_practica.html (SSA and SSB). The IDL computer language is used. Practicum report: obligatory. A complete report on exercise SSA-2 must be written in English in the style of the journal "Astronomy & Astrophysics" using LaTeX (use the template on my website). The report must be submitted as pdf file in an email attachment to R.J.Rutten@astro.uu.nl. Minnaert talks: each student must give a 10-minute presentation on an outdoors phenomenon described in Minnaert's "De natuurkunde van het vrije veld" (first of the three volumes translated as "The nature of light and colour in the open air"). The speaker/topic list will be generated with dates and topic selections as chosen by you, defined by the order of claiming. You should also include other literature on the topic (search Google and ADS). Excursion: the last lecture will be given at Museum Sterrenwacht Sonnenborgh emphasising Minnaert's work, and will be followed by a tour of this observatory. Description: nearly all knowledge of astronomical objects is obtained by analysing their electromagnetic radiation. In most cases the radiation escapes from opaque gaseous layers which appear as a "surface". The resulting continua and spectral lines encode the local physical circumstances such as chemical composition, temperature, density, line-of-sight velocity, magnetic field strength and direction. Diagnostic interpretation requires understanding of the processes which produce and absorb photons and of the transfer of radiation prior to the final photon escape. This course lays the basis by treating matter-photon interactions, the radiative transfer problem, and simple solutions based on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The examples come from varied astrophysical circumstances (planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres, stellar coronae, stellar winds, planetary nebulae). The course includes an extensive practicum in which stellar spectra are computed using the IDL computer language. Each student is also required to give a presentation on an outdoors radiation phenomenon described by Minnaert in "De natuurkunde van het vrije veld". The more complex radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres involving photon scattering is treated in detail in Advanced Astropysics Course "Stellar Atmospheres" = NS-AP426. Content: extensive introduction; photon-particle interactions; radiation quantities; radiative transfer; simple solutions; radiative transfer in optically thick media; Eddington-Barbier approximation; matter and radiation in thermodynamic equilibrium; matter and radiation in coronal equilibrium; bound-bound processes using the Einstein coefficients; continuous processes; radiative transfer solutions; examples from different astrophysical circumstances. =========================================================================== Examination material: Chapter 1 = introduction serves to set the scene Chapter 2 = radition quantities (skip 2.2.4) difficulty: intensity per steradian Chapter 3 = transport equation key part of the course intransparent! Chapter 4 = TE matter and radiation laws reproduce all except Saha Chapter 5 = discrete processes all except small print Chapter 6 = continuous processes overall content 6.3, 6.4 until 6.4.2, H-min Chapter 7 = radiative transfer except 7.3.5 = Eddington approximation Chapter 8 = applications all those that were treated in class The examinaton problems emphasize insight over root learning. =========================================================================== Diary Nov 14 2005 college 1 natrium vlam demo spectaallijnen als diagnostiek Bohr atoom waterstof en natrium bb, bf, ff processen stralingsexcitatie, spontane en geinduceerde stralingsdeexcitatie botsingsexcitatie en deexcitatie Na emissielijnen vlam: botsingsexcitatie + spontane stralingsdeexcitatie Na absorptielijnen vlam: stralingsexcitatie + spontane stralingsdeexcitatie in andere richting (verstrooiing bandel uit) Nov 18 2005 college 2 voornaamste materie-foton processen bb, bf, ff elk op vijf manieren omhoog/omlaag Thomsonverstrooiing en Rayleighverstrooiing blauwe hemel en rood ondergaande zon = Rayleightverstrooig combinaties bb, bf, ff in paren omhoog en omlaag fotoncreatie, fotondestructie, fotonverstrooiing LTE = lokaal thermodynamisch evenwicht = fotonbron bepaald door lokale T binnenin zon: LTE OK atmosfeer zon: zonnelijnen mengsel LTE en lokale verstrooiing spectrum Michiel's neus bevat alle zonnelijnen = niet-lokaal Nov 21 2005 college 3 definities intensiteit, emissiviteit, extinctiecoefficient eenvoudig stralingstransport Nov 25 2005 college 4 definities intensiteit, gemiddelde intensiteit, flux transportvergelijking totale extinctie en bronfuntie continuum en lijn oplossing transportvergelijking homogene laag Nov 28 2005 college 5 herhaling grootheden,stralingstransport homogene laag vlakke-lagen steratmosfeer, optische diepte, Eddington Barbier Dec 2 2005 college 6 herhaling grootheden tot Eddington-Barbier randverzwakking zon continue extinctie in zonnespectrum: edges Si, Al, Fe; H^-bf, H^-ff continue extinctie hete sterren: Thomsonverstrooiing lijnvorming steratmosfeer in LTE (vierluikdiagrammen) Dec 9 2005 college 7 hoofdstuk 4 basisparameters steratmosferen: T_eff, log g, [Fe/H], microturbulentie continuum zon via EB en LTE: T_b ~ H-min op zijn kop Dec 12 2005 college 8 eerste helft hoofdstuk 5 corona wit-licht corona eclipsen Roentgenstraling corona Dec 16 2005 college 9 rest hoofdstuk 5 corona bezettingsevenwichten bb f(Ne,T), bf f(T) dielectronische recombinatie EUV bright = thermal emission, dark = bound-free scattering H, He Dec 19 2005 college 10 hoofdstuk 6 DOT en DOT films Jan 9 2006 college 11 herhaling begin hoofdstuk 7 vierluik lijnvorming, VALIIIC atmosfeer en continuum Jan 13 2006 college 12 hoofdstuk 7 verstrooiing Rosseland benadering even Eddington benadering aangestipt Jan 16 2006 college 13 P Cygni profielen van stralingsaangedreven sterwinden Zanstra mechanisme voor Balmer-emissie in planetaire nevels Bowen mechanisme voor coincidentie-fluorescentie Jan 20 2006 college 14 Museum Sonnenborgh 09:15 =========================================================================== Students Sarka Jiraskova S.Jiraskova@phys.uu.nl # tentamen only Michiel Cottaar M.Cottaar@students.uu.nl Jeroen Veefkind J.Veefkind@students.uu.nl RG Mark Verkoulen M.H.J.Verkoulen@students.uu.nl Robert Sauer R.M.M.Sauer@students.uu.nl RG Jeroen Bartol J.Bartol@students.uu.nl # minor STK, geofysica Yolanda Noorda Y.H.Noorda@students.uu.nl Irene van Kalleveen I.M.L.vanKalleveen@students.uu.nl Pedzi Girigori P.V.J.Girigori@phys.uu.nl RG Gregal Vissers G.J.M.Vissers@phys.uu.nl Tijmen Kolkman T.M.Kolkman@phys.uu.nl Lennart Wilmink L.J.Wilmink@students.uu.nl Minnaert talks Fri Nov 25 Robert Sauer - Light distribution over the sky Mon Nov 28 Jorrit Leenaarts - Solar photospheric Halpha Fri Dec 2 Jeroen Bartol - Moon illusion Mon Dec 5 Sinterklaas - no class Fri Dec 9 Irene van Kalleveen - Aurorae Mon Dec 12 Mark Verkoulen - Green flash Fri Dec 16 Jeroen Veefkind - Why are there no green stars? Mon Dec 19 Lennart Wilmink - Rain bows Mon Jan 9 Tijmen Kolkman - Ball Lightning Yolanda Noorda - Eye sensitivity Fri Jan 13 Pedzi Girigori - Cherenkov radiation Michiel Cottaar - Sun dogs Mon Jan 16 Gregal Vissers - Haloes Fri Jan 20 Rob Rutten - Minnaert's zonneatlas (Sonnenborgh)