file: iart-2006-07.txt = information NS-282B = IART 2006-07 last: Apr 27 2007 site: https://robrutten.nl/education/rjr-courses note: this file = information + course plan + course diary messages: majordomo list ns-282b NS-282B = IART (voorheen NS-252B, IAST, NGSB "Introduction to Astrophysical Radiative Transfer" Bachelor level 2 course astrophysics 2006-2007 semester 2 block 1 credit 3.75 ects Osiris link: https://www.osiris.universiteitutrecht.nl/osistu_ospr/OnderwijsCatalogusKiesCursus.do?event=toonCursus&cursuscode=NS-282B&collegejaar=2006&aanvangsblok=3 Teacher: Rob Rutten BBL704 2535226 R.JRutten at astro.uu.nl Assistant: Nikola Vitas Respons: Lars Einarsen, Hasna el Hankari, Vivian Jacobs Schedule: Tue 13:15-17:00 MIN 032 presentation + lecture + practical Thu 11:00-12:45 BBL 165 lectures Start: week 6 Tuesday Feb 6 Off: week 12 (exams) Mar 21-25 End: week 15 Thursday Apr 12 (at Sonnenborgh) Tentamen: Tuesday Apr 17; Tuesday Jul 10 Language: Dutch or English depending on audience Presentations and reports in English Information: email list NS-252B (subscribe/unsubscribe) https://robrutten.nl/education/rjr-courses/iart-2007.txt Lecture notes: "Opwekking en transport van straling (AIST)" verkrijgbaar bij het BOZ = "Generation and Transport of Radiation" sold by Marion Wijburg (SIU secretariat BBL 704a) Book: Rybicki & Lightman, "Radiative Processes in Astrophysics", not mandatory or necessary but highly recommended for future astrophysicists (but expensive). Chapter 1 of the book is effectively a summary of this course. Chapter 6 of the course is a partial summary of the rest of the book. Prerequisites: Bohr atom theory Examination: The exam defines the final score. The emphasis is on insight. Bring calculator, pencil and eraser, but no book, lecture notes, computer, cell phone. The examinaton emphasizes insight over root learning. Exercises: do-it-yourself. Many short questions are supplied in the lecture notes with answers in the back. Larger problems and test examinations will be handed out, with answers. Practical: mandatory. The instructions are distributed during the course but are also available at https://robrutten.nl/My_practica.html (SSA and SSB). The IDL computer language is used. Practical report: mandatory. A complete report on exercise SSA-2 must be written in English in the style of the journal "Astronomy & Astrophysics" using LaTeX (template supplied). The report must be submitted as pdf file in an email attachment to R.J.Rutten at astro.uu.nl and must be discussed with me in minute detail. Minnaert talks: mandatory. Each student must give a 15-minute presentation on an outdoors phenomenon described in Minnaert's "De natuurkunde van het vrije veld" (first of the three volumes, translated as "The nature of light and colour in the open air"). The speaker/topic list will be generated with dates and topic selections as chosen by you, defined by the order of claiming. You should also include other literature on the topic (search Google and ADS = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/default_service.html). Excursion: the final lecture will be given at Museum Sterrenwacht Sonnenborgh emphasising Minnaert's work followed by a tour of this observatory. Description: nearly all knowledge of astronomical objects is obtained by analysing their electromagnetic radiation. In most cases the radiation escapes from opaque gaseous layers which appear as a "surface". The resulting continua and spectral lines encode the local physical circumstances such as chemical composition, temperature, density, line-of-sight velocity, magnetic field strength, and direction. Diagnostic interpretation requires understanding the processes which produce and absorb photons and the transfer of radiation prior to the final photon escape. This course lays the basis by treating matter-photon interactions, the radiative transfer problem, and simple solutions based on the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium. The examples come from varied astrophysical circumstances (planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres, stellar coronae, stellar winds, planetary nebulae). The course includes an extensive practicum in which stellar spectra are computed using the IDL computer language. Each student is also required to give a presentation on an outdoors radiation phenomenon described by Minnaert in "De natuurkunde van het vrije veld". The more complex radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres involving photon scattering is treated in detail in Advanced Astropysics Course "Stellar Atmospheres" = NS-AP426. Content: photon-particle interactions; radiation quantities; radiative transfer; simple solutions; radiative transfer in optically thick media; Eddington-Barbier approximation; matter and radiation in thermodynamic equilibrium; matter and radiation in coronal equilibrium; bound-bound processes using the Einstein coefficients; continuous processes; radiative transfer solutions; various astrophysical examples. Examination material Chapter 1 = introduction sets the scene Chapter 2 = radiation quantities (skip 2.2.4) main difficulty: intensity per steradian Chapter 3 = transport equation key part of the course, intransparent! Chapter 4 = TE matter and radiation laws reproduce all equations except Saha Chapter 5 = discrete processes all except small print Chapter 6 = continuous processes only H-min graph Chapter 7 = radiative transfer only LTE parts Chapter 8 = applications all those that were treated in class Students Remco van den Dungen Lars Einarsen CRG Hasna el Hankari CRG Vivian Jacobs CRG Roland van Laar Elisaveta Malamova Ronald Mooiweer Dani"el Prins Tijmen van Wettum =========================================================================== Course schedule & diary =========================================================================== Tue Feb 6 demo Na in flame spectral classification a la Annie Cannon lecture Cannon-HRD-Payne; Saha and Boltzmann distributions start exercise SSA2 Thu Feb 8 general introduction 5 types of bb, bf, ff transitions pair combinations: thermal = local, scatterng = unlocal Fraunhofer lines from Lars' nose sodium in flame: thermal emission, scattering absorption solar absorption lines: assuming local thermal conditions = T(h) Tue Feb 13 Minnaert seminar - Tijmen van Wettum: Ice halo's summary TE laws > LTE Planck, Boltzmann, Saha SSA2 Thu Feb 15 repeat 2-level processes pair combination into photon extinction and emissivity each either thermal or scattering (since no 3rd level roundabout) Chapt 2 radiation quantities Chapt 3 radiative transfer equation Tue Feb 20 Minnaert seminar - Vivian Jacobs: Why are there no green stars? white light and EUV/X-ray radiation from the solar corona SSA2 Thu Feb 22 Chapt 2 repeat radiation quantities; J Chapt 3 transfer equation in terms of optical thickness solutions for constant S Tue Feb 27 Minnaert seminar - Hasna el Hankari: Aurorae more corona: equilibria, dielectronic recombination SSA3 + report start SSA2 Thu Mar 1 Chapt 3 radiative transfer transfer equation in terms of optical depth Eddington-Barbier approximation spectral line formation in stellar atmospheres Tue Mar 6 Minnaert seminar - Roland van Laar: Sun and moon at rise and setting more corona: repeat, TRACE movies, dark features in EUV SSA3 Thu Mar 8 Chapt 3 repeat continua from the solar atmosphere Tue Mar 13 Minnaert seminar - Lars Einarsen: Colors of shadows Balmer lines from planetary nebulae SSB1 + SSA2 report discussion Thu Mar 15 four-panel line formation Chapt 4 TE energy partition laws Chapt 5 Einstein coefficients, line broadening Tue Mar 27 Minnaert seminar - Remco van den Dungen: Rainbows SSB2 + SSA2 report discussion Thu Mar 29 rest Chapt 5 line extinction and source function introduction of Chapt 6 = continuous processes Tue Apr 3 Minnaert seminar - Daniel Prins: Ball lightning formation of DOT diagnostics + DOT movies SSB2 - SSB3 + SSA2 report discussion Thu Apr 5 course overview (pdf viewscreens on my website) handout: example examination Tue Apr 10 Minnaert seminar - Ronald Mooiweer: Moon illusion Nikola Vitas - Solar indium abundance Thu Apr 12 Museum Sterrenwacht Sonnenborgh 11:00-13:00 Sterrenwacht Sonnenborgh Minnaert, Houtgast, De Jager Utrecht Atlas + MMH table solar spectrograph, spectroheliograph, microphotometer observatory tour (Arend Jan Poelarends) ====================== NOW ========================= ?? Minnaert seminar - Elisaveta Malamova: Holography